792 research outputs found
Magnetic properties of the spin-1 chain compound NiClCHCHCHNH
We report experimental results of the static magnetization, ESR and NMR
spectroscopic measurements of the Ni-hybrid compound
NiClCHCHCHNH. In this material NiCl octahedra are
structurally arranged in chains along the crystallographic -axis. According
to the static susceptibility and ESR data Ni spins are isotropic
and are coupled antiferromagnetically (AFM) along the chain with the exchange
constant K. These are important prerequisites for the realization of
the so-called Haldane spin-1 chain with the spin-singlet ground state and a
quantum spin gap. However, experimental results evidence AFM order at K presumably due to small interchain couplings. Interestingly,
frequency-, magnetic field-, and temperature-dependent ESR measurements, as
well as the NMR data, reveal signatures which could presumably indicate an
inhomogeneous ground state of co-existent mesoscopically spatially separated
AFM ordered and spin-singlet state regions similar to the situation observed
before in some spin-diluted Haldane magnets
Magnetization steps in Zn_(1-x)Mn_xO: Four largest exchange constants and single-ion anisotropy
Magnetization steps (MST's) from Mn pairs in several single crystals of
Zn_(1-x)Mn_xO (0.0056<=x<=0.030, and in one powder (x=0.029), were observed.
The largest two exchange constants, J1/kB=-18.2+/-0.5K and J1'/kB=-24.3+/-0.6K,
were obtained from large peaks in the differential susceptibility, dM/dH,
measured in pulsed magnetic fields, H, up to 500 kOe. These two largest J's are
associated with the two inequivalent classes of nearest neighbors (NN's) in the
wurtzite structure. The 29% difference between J1 and J1' is substantially
larger than 13% in CdS:Mn, and 15% in CdSe:Mn. The pulsed-field data also
indicate that, despite the direct contact between the samples and a
superfluid-helium bath, substantial departures from thermal equilibrium
occurred during the 7.4 ms pulse. The third- and fourth-largest J's were
determined from the magnetization M at 20 mK, measured in dc magnetic fields H
up to 90 kOe. Both field orientations H||c and H||[10-10] were studied. (The
[10-10] direction is perpendicular to the c-axis, [0001].) By definition,
neighbors which are not NN's are distant neighbors (DN's). The largest DN
exchange constant (third-largest overall), has the value J/kB=-0.543+/-0.005K,
and is associated with the DN at r=c. Because this is not the closest DN, this
result implies that the J's do not decrease monotonically with the distance r.
The second-largest DN exchange constant (fourth-largest overall), has the value
J/kB=-0.080 K. It is associated with one of the two classes of neighbors that
have a coordination number z=12, but the evidence is insufficient for a
definite unique choice. The dependence of M on the direction of H gives
D/kB=-0.039+/-0.008K, in fair agreement with -0.031 K from earlier EPR work.Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to PR
Direct Observation of the Quantum Energy Gap in S = 1/2 Tetragonal Cuprate Antiferromagnets
Using an electron spin resonance spectrometer covering a wide range of
frequency and magnetic field, we have measured the low energy excitations of
the S=1/2 tetragonal antiferromagnets, Sr_{2}CuO_{2}Cl_{2} and
Sr_{2}Cu_{3}O_{4}Cl_{2}. Our observation of in-plane energy gaps of order 0.1
meV at zero external magnetic field are consistent with a spin wave
calculation, which includes several kinds of quantum fluctuations that remove
frustration. Results agree with other experiments and with exchange anisotropy
parameters determined from a five band Hubbard model.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Long wavelength magnetic and magnetoelectric excitations in the ferroelectric antiferromagnet BiFeO3
We present a terahertz spectroscopic study of magnetic excitations in
ferroelectric antiferromagnet BiFeO3. We interpret the observed spectrum of
long-wavelength magnetic resonance modes in terms of the normal modes of the
material's cycloidal antiferromagnetic structure. We find that the modulated
Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction leads to a splitting of the out-of-plane
resonance modes. We also assign one of the observed absorption lines to an
electromagnon excitation that results from the magnetoelectric coupling between
the ferroelectric polarization and the cycloidal magnetic structure of BiFeO3
Negotiating daughterhood and strangerhood: retrospective accounts of serial migration
Most considerations of daughtering and mothering take for granted that the subjectivities of mothers and daughters are negotiated in contexts of physical proximity throughout daughtersâ childhoods. Yet many mothers and daughters spend periods separated from each other, sometimes across national borders. Globally, an increasing number of children experience life in transnational families.
This paper examines the retrospective narratives of four women who were serial migrants as children (whose parents migrated before they did) . It focuses on their accounts of the reunion with their mothers and how these fit with the ways in which they construct their mother-daughter relationships. We take a psychosocial approach by using a psychoanalytically-informed reading of these narratives to acknowledge the complexities of the attachments produced in the context of migration and to attend to the multi-layered psychodynamics of the resulting relationships. The paper argues that serial migration positioned many of the daughters in a conflictual emotional landscape from which they had to negotiate âstrangerhoodâ in the context of sadness at leaving people to whom they were attached in order to join their mothers (or parents). As a result, many were resistant to being positioned as daughters, doing daughtering and being mothered in their new homes
A Review of the Properties of Nb3Sn and Their Variation with A15 Composition, Morphology and Strain State
This article gives an overview of the available literature on simplified,
well defined (quasi-)homogeneous laboratory samples. After more than 50 years
of research on superconductivity in Nb3Sn, a significant amount of results are
available, but these are scattered over a multitude of publications. Two
reviews exist on the basic properties of A15 materials in general, but no
specific review for Nb3Sn is available. This article is intended to provide
such an overview. It starts with a basic description of the Niobium-Tin
intermetallic. After this it maps the influence of Sn content on the the
electron-phonon interaction strength and on the field-temperature phase
boundary. The literature on the influence of Cu, Ti and Ta additions will then
be briefly summarized. This is followed by a review on the effects of grain
size and strain. The article is concluded with a summary of the main results.Comment: Invited Topical Review for Superconductor, Science and Technology.
Provisionally scheduled for July 200
âI think I'm more free with them'âConflict, Negotiation and Change in Intergenerational Relations in African Families Living in Britain
While the family is increasingly being recognised as pivotal to migration, there remain too few studies examining how migration impacts on intergenerational relationships. Although traditional intergenerational gaps are intensified by migration, arguably there has been an over-emphasis on the divisions between âtraditionalâ parents and âmodernâ children at the expense of examining the ways in which both generations adapt. As Foner and Dreby [2011. âRelations Between the Generations in Immigrant Families.â Annual Review of Sociology 37: 545â564] stress, the reality of post-migration intergenerational relations is inevitably more complex, requiring the examination of both conflict and cooperation. This article contributes to this growing literature by discussing British data from comparative projects on intergenerational relations in African families (in Britain, France and South Africa). It argues that particular understandings can be gained from examining the adaptation of parents and parenting strategies post-migration and how the reconfiguration of family relations can contribute to settlement. By focusing on how both parent and child generations engage in conflict and negotiation to redefine their relationships and expectations, it offers insight into how families navigate and integrate the values of two cultures. In doing so, it argues that the reconfiguration of gender roles as a result of migration offers families the space to renegotiate their relationships and make choices about what they transmit to the next generation
The History You Donât Know, and the History You Do: The Promise of Signature Pedagogies in History Education
The persistent separation of subject-matter content and pedagogical training in traditional teacher education programs has made it difficult for many beginning teachers to establish a base of knowledge they can use to develop pedagogical content knowledge as their careers unfold. While existing efforts to bridge this gap have focused on intensive collaborations between education faculty and their colleagues in disciplinary fields, or on the integration of disciplinary knowledge into teacher education coursework, work still can be done to address the problem of providing beginning teachers with the balance of deep and flexible content knowledge complemented by practical teaching maneuvers that so many of them crave. This chapter explores the possibility of addressing this gap via the development of signature pedagogies, following the lead established in many other professional fields, paying special attention to Lee Shulmanâs conceptualization of the idea and its potential impact on teacher education in history
Laboratory study on the mobility of major species in fly ashâbrine co-disposal systems: up-flow percolation test
Apart from the generation of fly ash, brine (hyper-saline wastewater) is also a waste material generated in South African power stations as a result of water re-use. These waste materials contain major species such as Al, Si, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl and SO4. The co-disposal of fly ash and brine has been practiced by some power stations in South Africa with the aim of utilizing the fly ash to capture the salts in brine. The effect of the chemical interaction of the species contained in both fly ash and brine, when co-disposed, on the mobility of species in the fly ashâbrine systems is the focus of this study. The up-flow percolation test was employed to determine the mobility of some major species in the fly ashâbrine systems. The results of the analysed eluates from the up-flow percolation tests revealed that some species such as Al, Ca and Na were leached from the fly ash into the brine solution while some species such as Mg, Cl and SO4 were removed to some extent from the brine solution during the interaction with fly ash. The pH of the up-flow percolation systems was observed to play a significant role on the mobility of major species from the fly ashâbrine systems. The study showed that some major species such as Mg, Cl and SO4 could be removed from brine solution using fly ash when certain amount of brine percolates through the ash.Web of Scienc
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