The Reconstruction of Indigenous Knowledge about Golobe (Hornstedtia alliacea) as a Natural Resource Conservation Study for Prospective Teachers’ Scientific Literacy

This study intended to measure prospective science teachers' scientific literacy through a conservation course on a natural resource topic. The natural source as the research object was golobe, an endemic plant in Maluku which has been consumed as the traditional medicine by the local community, which was studied for its chemical properties. Golobe is believed to have the properties to cure diseases. The lab testing revealed that golobe contains alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenols, antioxidants and antibacterial properties. The scientific knowledge based on the lab report was reconstructed using the Science Integrated Learning (SIL) model. The obtained laboratory test results were matched up with the indigenous knowledge of the golobe. The indigenous knowledge of local community on golobe was converted to be the scientific knowledge. Then, the result of reconstruction was applied as the basis of Conservation Education course material development. The research target included prospective science teachers joining the Conservation Education course. The assessed scientific literacy consisted of (1) knowing scientific questions; (2) exploring; (3) identifying scientific evidence; (4) laboratory work; (5) drawing up conclusions; (6) communicating, and (7) demonstrating. Prospective teachers have owned the seven components of scientific literacy after studying natural resource conservation materials. The research concluded that the use of the knowledge reconstruction of Golobe in the North Loloda Tribe, North Maluku, Halmahera Archipelago has an impact on the development of prospective teachers’ scientific literacy

Optimization of Bioprocess Variables for Fungal Lipase Production using Statistical Experimental Design: A Mini Review

Lipases hold the important role in wide spectrum of biotechnological applications. Lipases are unique, not only due to their ability to perform hydrolysis of fats into fatty acids and glycerol at the water-lipid interface, but also can reverse the reaction in non-aqueous media. Currently, the studies revealed that fungi are the one of choice for lipase production. Some important lipase-producing fungal genera include Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Candida, Geotrichum, etc. The development of response surface methodology applied to optimize fungal lipase production is discussed.

Prospective Teachers’ Scientific Literacy through Ethnoscience Learning Integrated with the Indigenous Knowledge of People in the Frontier, Outermost, and Least Developed Regions

The indigenous knowledge in the frontier, outermost, and least developed regions has not been explored thoroughly as an application for Ethnoscience learning. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the indigenous knowledge and its application to measure prospective science teachers’ scientific literacy through Ethnoscience learning. The prospective science teachers joining the Ethnoscience subject were employed as the research samples. A descriptive research method with a qualitative approach was applied for this study. The indigenous knowledge in the frontier, outermost, and least developed regions, i.e., Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Kalimantan, and Papua, is a potential learning source for exciting science learning and providing the opportunity for prospective science teachers to develop scientific literacy. Based on the results, 13 students achieved grade A, whereas 14 students got AB, and the other 4 students achieved B. All prospective science teachers were good at analytical thinking, problem-solving, and communicating. They also gained knowledge from the analysis results, which made them master the problem-solving skill. In conclusion, the indigenous knowledge of the frontier, outermost, and least regions integrated with Ethnoscience learning can improve the prospective science teachers’ scientific literacy effectively

Proteases from Latex of Euphorbia spp. and Its Application on Milk Clot Formation

Crude proteases were extracted from Euphorbiaceae family, i.e. E. milii var imperata, E. trigona, and E. maculata. Among those three crude proteases, the activity of protease from E. trigona was the highest (812.50 U/ml), whereas E. milii and E. maculata crude proteases activity were 298.60 U/ml and 95.80 U/ml, respectively. E. maculata protein concentration was the highest among those three crude enzymes (1.206 mg/ml). The optimum pH and temperature of the enzymes were pH 7.0, pH 6.0, pH 6.5 and 60 °C, 50 °C, and 50 °C, respectively. Crude protease from E. milii var imperata, E. trigona, and E. maculata retained proteolytic activity over a wide range of pH (5.0–9.0) and temperature (up to 65 °C) with casein as substrate. All crude proteases showed milk clotting activity ranged from 0.58 U/ml to 1.01 U/ml. Thus, these crude proteases are potential to be applied in dairy industries. However, further study on enzyme purification and characterization are necessary to obtain high purity of proteases before its application.Protease kasar berhasil diekstrak dari tanaman family Euphorbiaceae, yaitu E. milii var imperata, E. trigona, dan E. maculata. Diantara ketiga protease tersebut, aktivitas protease tertinggi diperoleh dari E. trigona (812,50 U/ml), sedangkan aktivitas protease dari E. milii dan E. maculata adalah 298,60 U/ml dan 95,80 U/ml, berturut-turut. Konsentrasi total protein tertinggi terdapat pada protease kasar E. maculata (1,206 mg/ml). pH dan suhu optimum ketiga enzim tersebut adalah pH 7.0, pH 6.0, pH 6.5 dan suhu 60 °C, 50 °C, and 50 °C, berturut-turut. Protease kasar dari E. milii var imperata, E. trigona, dan E. maculata menunjukkan aktivitas proteolitik pada rentang pH 5.0–9.0 dan rentang suhu sampai 65 °C menggunakan kasein sebagai substrat. Semua protease kasar menunjukkan aktivitas penggumpalan susu dengan rentang dari 0,58 U/ml sampai 1,01 U/ml. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, protease kasar dari ketiga jenis tanaman ini berpotensi untuk diaplikasikan dalam industri olahan susu. Meskipun demikian, studi lanjut mengenai purifikasi dan karakterisasi sangat diperlukan untuk memperoleh protease murni sebelum aplikasi dalam industri makanan, khususnya pada industri olahan susu.</p

Women farmer group empowerment in Gunungpati Sub-District, Semarang, Indonesia

The Women Farmer Group in Semarang was established in 2013, and it has been developing small businesses in the processing of local fresh milk into various snack products. However, the selling value has not reached the optimum results since it faces a problem in packagingquality. Therefore, as one of the goals of Tridarma of Indonesian higher education which have directed the university to care about problems in society, an accompaniment to the business was carried out for improving the quality of product packaging. There were three activities conducted, i.e., training; re-designing; and monitoring. The results of the community service showed that the program was highly effective to enhance the understanding of Women Farmer Group members on the importance of product packaging as a strategy of marketing proved by the results of the average posttest score at 80.55. Product testing to consumers shows that the new packaging could increase consumer buying interest in comparison to the old one. Also, with the new packaging, the non-preservative snacks could have a longer storability compared tothe old packaging. In this community service activity, an empowerment model can be obtained and can be further developed

Correlation of Heavy Metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn with Intestinal Bacteria in Anas platyrhynchos L. Duck

Intestinal bacterial species play an essential role in the duck body metabolism and productivity. They are affected by various factors, such as heavy metal contamination. This research aims to study metal emission levels and their correlation with the composition of intestinal bacteria. A total of twenty-five duck samples (Anas platyrhynchos L.) were obtained from Semarang, Temanggung, Magelang, Pati, and Salatiga. Five g of intestinal substances were employed in the isolation 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region. Data sequence in fastqc format was then analyzed using QIIME. Also, the heavy metals in water, feed, and meat samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasm-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The highest heavy metal contaminant was Hg, with a total concentration reaching 5.55±1.79 ppm of input and 4.42±0.80 ppm in meat. The bacterial composition comprises the four highest phyla, sequentially including Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Bacteriodetes. The relationship between heavy metals and intestinal bacteria shows a significant value with a coefficient of &gt;0.90. Therefore, there was a correlation between heavy metals and intestinal bacteria composition, suggesting that bacteria are likely to protect ducks from the adverse effects of heavy metals in water and feed

Teknologi enzim

xiv, 200 hlm.: 24 c

Phylogenetic Relationships of Local Durian Species based on Morphological Characteristics and PCR-RFLP Analysis of the Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) DNA

In this study, twenty local durian accessions obtained from Central Java in situ collection were characterized using the morphological characteristics and the restriction patterns which generated from the region spanning the internal transcribed spacers ITS LEU and ITS 4. Morphological characteristics of durian leaf, stem, tree, and fruit showed variations for the different accessions, whereas polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of ribosomal DNA region showed a low length of variation. The size of the PCR products and the restriction analyses with the restriction endonucleases Bsp1431yielded a restriction pattern for each accessions. The results of this study can be utilized by local durian farmers as a preliminary reference for durian propagation. The data obtained need to be supported by further research using the other molecular markers to obtain more accurate data. The clear identity of durian species can help the management of propagation systems by farmers to get superior local durian.How to CiteFibriana, F., &amp; Hadiyanti, L. N. (2016). Phylogenetic Relationships of Local Durian Species based on Morphological Characteristics and PCR-RFLP Analysis of the Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) DNA. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology &amp; Biology Education, 8(3), 362-370. </p

Deteksi Kandungan Daging Babi pada Bakso yang Dijajakan di Pusat Kota Salatiga Menggunakan Teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction

The purpose of this research is to determine whether the meatball products that sold atSalatiga are contain pork. Stratifi ed random sampling technique used to take samplesof meatballs which sold by 13 meatball stalls from 25 meatball stalls scattered in thecentral city of Salatiga. Isolation and purifi cation of DNA from meatballs, beef, andpork samples use Sambrook et al. modifi ed by Sulandari and Zein method. The yield ofDNA followed by PCR process using P14 primers that representing the PRE-1 loci in thepig genome. DNA amplifi cation used protocol initial denaturation at temperature of 93°C for 2 minutes, followed by 45 cycles of denaturation 93 °C for 1 minute, annealing62 °C for 30 seconds, extension 72 °C for 1 minute, and ending extension 72 °C for 2minutes. Appearance of 481 base-pair PCR product was expected. Result from 1,2%agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products showed 481 base-pair, a specifi c DNAband size in pork meat and meatball samples number thirteen. It can be concluded thatmeatball product from meatball stall number thirteen was contain pork.Keywords: detection of pork, meatball products, PCR technique</p