The Design of A High Capacity and Energy Efficient Phase Change Main Memory

Higher energy-efficiency has become essential in servers for a variety of reasons that range from heavy power and thermal constraints, environmental issues and financial savings. With main memory responsible for at least 30% of the energy consumed by a server, a low power main memory is fundamental to achieving this energy efficiency DRAM has been the technology of choice for main memory for the last three decades primarily because it traditionally combined relatively low power, high performance, low cost and high density. However, with DRAM nearing its density limit, alternative low-power memory technologies, such as Phase-change memory (PCM), have become a feasible replacement. PCM limitations, such as limited endurance and low write performance, preclude simple drop-in replacement and require new architectures and algorithms to be developed. A PCM main memory architecture (PMMA) is introduced in this dissertation, utilizing both DRAM and PCM, to create an energy-efficient main memory that is able to replace a DRAM-only memory. PMMA utilizes a number of techniques and architectural changes to achieve a level of performance that is par with DRAM. PMMA achieves gains in energy-delay of up to 65%, with less than 5% of performance loss and extremely high energy gains. To address the other major shortcoming of PCM, namely limited endurance, a novel, low- overhead wear-leveling algorithm that builds on PMMA is proposed that increases the lifetime of PMMA to match the expected server lifetime so that both server and memory subsystems become obsolete at about the same time. We also study how to better use the excess capacity, traditionally available on PCM devices, to obtain the highest lifetime possible. We show that under specific endurance distributions, the naive choice does not achieve the highest lifetime. We devise rules that empower the designer to select algorithms and parameters to achieve higher lifetime or simplify the design knowing the impact on the lifetime. The techniques presented also apply to other storage class memories (SCM) memories that suffer from limited endurance

Serviços de atendimento ao usuário do sistema de telecomunicações :: um modelo de informações para sua gerência /

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico

Protein Glycosylation and Tumor Microenvironment Alterations Driving Cancer Hallmarks

Decades of research have disclosed a plethora of alterations in protein glycosylation that decisively impact in all stages of disease and ultimately contribute to more aggressive cell phenotypes. The biosynthesis of cancer-associated glycans and its reflection in the glycoproteome is driven by microenvironmental cues and these events act synergistically toward disease evolution. Such intricate crosstalk provides the molecular foundations for the activation of relevant oncogenic pathways and leads to functional alterations driving invasion and disease dissemination. However, it also provides an important source of relevant glyco(neo)epitopes holding tremendous potential for clinical intervention. Therefore, we highlight the transversal nature of glycans throughout the currently accepted cancer hallmarks, with emphasis on the crosstalk between glycans and the tumor microenvironment stromal components. Focus is also set on the pressing need to include glycans and glycoconjugates in comprehensive panomics models envisaging molecular-based precision medicine capable of improving patient care. We foresee that this may provide the necessary rationale for more comprehensive studies and molecular-based intervention

O Significado da Norma Jurídica Sob o Ponto de Vista da Metódica Estruturante e Sua Conexão com a Retórica: a Racionalização por Meio da Comunicação na Judicialização da Saúde

The discussion about the phenomenon of judicialization of public policies in Brazil, which has as a backdrop the idea of ​​normativity and effectiveness of social constitutional rights, such as the right to health, even at the expense of the budget and fiscal control parameters instituted by the system itself, has instigated questions about the conformation of meaning of the legal norm by the judicial system. Thus, with the intention of obtaining a realistic perception of the process of conformation of meaning of the legal norm and seeking to depart from the conceptions that see in social constitutional rights the ability to transport rational essences, this article, through an analytical perspective of law, aims to promote a critical and reflective study of the theoretical conceptions that endeavored to explain the process of constitution of the legal phenomenon and to share the philosophical and critical point of view of the rhetoric and of the Structuring Theory of Law formulated by Friedrich Müller. This is because the parameters offered by the idealist tradition of law, in any of its aspects, proved to be insufficient to explain how the conformation of meaning of legal discourses actually takes place. Partaking in the point of view of the rhetoric and of the Structuring Method, we understand that the law is rationalized through communication. We affirm, therefore, that, even though it is neither ontological nor essentialist, Friedrich Müller's structuring method is also not rhetorical, but shares several points of contact with this ancient way of understanding the legal phenomenon — in particular, the perception of the indissoluble connection between law and language.    A discussão acerca do fenômeno da judicialização de políticas públicas no Brasil, que tem como pano de fundo a ideia de normatividade e efetividade dos direitos constitucionais sociais, a exemplo do direito à saúde, ainda que ao alvedrio dos parâmetros de controle orçamentário e fiscal instituídos pelo próprio sistema, tem instigado questionamentos acerca da conformação de sentido da norma jurídica pelo Poder Judiciário. Assim, com a pretensão de obter uma percepção realista do processo de conformação de sentido da norma jurídica e procurando se apartar das concepções que enxergam nos direitos constitucionais sociais a aptidão de transportar essências racionais, este artigo, por meio de uma perspectiva analítica do direito, tem por objetivo promover um estudo crítico e reflexivo das concepções teóricas que se empenharam em explicar o processo de constituição do fenômeno jurídico e compartilhar o ponto de vista filosófico e crítico da retórica e da Teoria Estruturante do Direito formulada por Friedrich Müller. Isso porque, os parâmetros ofertados pela tradição idealista do direito, em qualquer se suas vertentes, revelaram-se insuficientes para explicar como efetivamente se dá a conformação de sentido dos discursos jurídicos. Comungando do ponto de vista da retórica e da Metódica Estruturante, compreendemos que o direito é racionalizado por intermédio da comunicação. Afirmamos, portanto, que, mesmo não sendo ontológica ou essencialista, a metódica estruturante de Friedrich Müller também não é retórica, mas possui diversos pontos de contato com essa forma milenar de compreender o fenômeno jurídico —­ em especial, a percepção da indissolúvel conexão entre direito e linguagem

“Fatores determinantes da evolução institucional e tecnológica do porto digital” / "Determining factors of the institutional and technological evolution of porto digital"

O Porto Digital é definido como um Arranjo Produtivo de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação que foca o desenvolvimento de software e está situado na cidade do Recife. Este sistema de inovação local surgiu da demanda das empresas e do mercado, do interesse de revitalização do cento da capital pernambucana. Está localizado em um ponto estratégico na cidade do Recife, numa área integrada onde que acolhe as universidades com capital humano e pesquisas nas áreas de vocação do Porto, próximos dos poderes públicos. O estudo mostra a evolução do sistema local de inovação do sector de TI, a partir de um conjunto de organizações desconectas para uma rede baseada em inovação, bem como o papel central que o Porto Digital tem desempenhado nesta rede desde o seu lançamento. Palavras-chave: Evolução; Neoinstitucionalismo; Instituições;

QuaREPE: assimetrias nas representações (inter)culturais do mundo lusófono

In this article, we intend to present a qualitative and descriptive analysis on how the Quadro de Referência para o Ensino Português no Estrangeiro (QuaREPE) deals with the issues of diversity and interculturality. It is important to point out that, in recent decades, there has been a lot of discussion about the importance of developing intercultural competence in foreign language learners. However, in educational practices and teaching materials, the implementation of these precepts is still not a reality. Thus, questions arise on how QuaREPE deals with the cultural issue and to what extent it is intercultural indeed. Therefore, we aim to analyze whether QuaREPE, in fact, establishes an intercultural dialogue between learners, recognizing the cultural diversities. Thereunto, we tabulate all the task commands from the second part of QuaREPE, “Tasks, Activities, Exercises and Resources for Assessment”, analyzing with more details three proposals of activities. Our theoretical approach is constituted by authors such as Kramsch (1998); Byram, Gribkova e Starkey (2002); Bennett (2013); and Agar (1994), among others. As a preliminary result, we point out that the QuaREPE (guiding document) adopts a Eurocentric perspective, promoting only the Portuguese culture. Thus, it is a document that presents unsuccessful practices regarding the effective development of intercultural awareness

Glycoengineered nanoparticles enhance the delivery of 5-fluoroucil and paclitaxel to gastric cancer cells of high metastatic potential

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with half of patients developing metastasis within 5 years after curative treatment. Moreover, many patients cannot tolerate or complete systemic treatment due severe side-effects, reducing their effectiveness. Thus, targeted therapeutics are warranted to improve treatment outcomes and reduce toxicity. Herein, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paclitaxel were surface-functionalized with a monoclonal antibody targeting sialyl-Lewis A (sLeA), a known glycan mediating hematogenous metastasis. Nanoparticles, ranging from 137 to 330 nm, enabled the controlled release of cytotoxic drugs at neutral and acid pH, supporting potential for intravenous and oral administration. Nanoencapsulation also reduced the initial toxicity of the drugs against gastric cells, suggesting it may constitute a safer administration vehicle. Furthermore, nanoparticle functionalization significantly enhanced targeting to sLeA cells in vitro and ex vivo (over 40% in comparison to non-targeted nanoparticles). In summary, a glycoengineered nano-vehicle was successfully developed to deliver 5-FU and paclitaxel therapeutic agents to metastatic gastric cancer cells. We anticipate that this may constitute an important milestone to establish improved targeted therapeutics against gastric cancer. Given the pancarcinomic nature of the sLeA antigen, the translation of this solution to other models may be also envisaged.publishe

Effect of Foraminal Enlargement on Periapical Healing in Necrotic Teeth: A Systematic Review:

Introduction: Foraminal Enlargement (FE) is a cleaning performed in the apical-most region of the tooth, in order to optimize root disinfection. This systematic review evaluated the influence of FE during root canal treatment on bacterial reduction and repair of the periapical lesion. Materials and Methods: Searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scielo, Lilacs and OpenGrey were performed until January-2024. Ex vivo and in vivo studies evaluating the effects of FE in the bacterial reduction and repair of the periapical lesion were included, respectively, followed by risk of bias assessment (modified version of Joanna Briggs Institute’s for ex vivo studies and Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation’s risk of bias tools for in vivo studies). The meta-analysis was not feasible and a qualitative summary for each outcome was provided. Results: Of 950 studies, 2 in vivo studies were eligible, using animal models with infected teeth. Of these two, periapical repair was evaluated with hematoxylin-eosin stain, and FE improved periapical healing. Regarding ex vivo studies, 3 were eligible, using extracted human teeth. The inoculations in ex vivo models were performed with Enterococcus (E.) faecalis, and FE reduced E. faecalis in the ex vivo models. Conclusions: Foraminal enlargement seems to increase bacterial reduction within the root canal, and provide major periapical tissue repair on the histological analysis in animal studies. However, caution is necessary when translating these results to the clinical environment

Prospecção fitoquímica e atividade antiradicalar de extratos e frações de folhas e galhos de Pouteria ramiflora (Sapotaceae) / Phytochemical prospection and anti-radical activity of extracts and fractions of leaves and branches of Pouteria ramiflora (Sapotaceae)

O uso de plantas medicinais é uma prática importante na medicina mundial. Pouteria ramiflora, conhecida vulgarmente como curriola ou figo do Cerrado, é uma frutífera empregada na medicina popular no tratamento de inflamações e obesidade. Frutas e vegetais são ricos em substâncias antioxidantes, que podem prevenir ou atenuar doenças relacionadas ao estresse oxidativo quando incluídos na dieta. No intuito de fornecer maiores informações sobre P. ramiflora realizou-se a prospecção fitoquímica, a determinação do teor de fenóis totais e avaliou-se a atividade antioxidante pelo ensaio do DPPH de extratos e frações orgânicas de folhas e galhos desta espécie medicinal e alimentícia. A prospecção fitoquímica detectou a presença de flavonoides, taninos, saponinas, alcaloides e triterpenos/esteroides nas diferentes amostras. O extrato em etanol dos galhos de P. ramiflora apresentou o maior teor de fenóis totais e maior atividade sequestradora frente ao radical DPPH em comparação as demais amostras, com os valores de 132,73±2,5 mg EAG. g-1 e CE50 46,98 µg. mL-1, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que a curriola é uma importante fonte de antioxidantes naturais e que pode ser utilizada no tratamento de doenças relacionadas ao estresse oxidativo