Differential expression of anterior gradient gene AGR2 in prostate cancer

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The protein AGR2 is a putative member of the protein disulfide isomerase family and was first identified as a homolog of the <it>Xenopus laevis </it>gene XAG-2. AGR2 has been implicated in a number of human cancers. In particular, AGR2 has previously been found to be one of several genes that encode secreted proteins showing increased expression in prostate cancer cells compared to normal prostatic epithelium.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Gene expression levels of AGR2 were examined in prostate cancer cells by microarray analysis. We further examined the relationship of AGR2 protein expression to histopathology and prostate cancer outcome on a population basis using tissue microarray technology.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>At the RNA and protein level, there was an increase in AGR2 expression in adenocarcinoma of the prostate compared to morphologically normal prostatic glandular epithelium. Using a tissue microarray, this enhanced AGR2 expression was seen as early as premalignant PIN lesions. Interestingly, within adenocarcinoma samples, there was a slight trend toward lower levels of AGR2 with increasing Gleason score. Consistent with this, relatively lower levels of AGR2 were highly predictive of disease recurrence in patients who had originally presented with high-stage primary prostate cancer (P = 0.009).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have shown for the first time that despite an increase in AGR2 expression in prostate cancer compared to non-malignant cells, relatively lower levels of AGR2 are highly predictive of disease recurrence following radical prostatectomy.</p

Resolution of molecular polarizabilities of CH_3X and CH_3CH_2X derivatives

An additive scheme for resolving average molecular electric dipole polarizabilities into atomic contributions, based on the acceleration gauge for the electric dipole, has been applied to a series of methyl and ethyl derivatives, CH3–X and CH3–CH2–X. Extended calculations have been carried out to test the reliability of the partition method. Gross atomic isotropic contributions have been evaluated for carbon, hydrogen, and heteroatoms, showing a good degree of transferability from molecule to molecule. The theoretical values of atomic polarizabilities can be used to predict fairly accurate average polarizabilities of higher homologous molecules in the series of X-substituted alkane

Atomic partition of the optical rotatory power of methylhydroperoxide

8 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables.-- PACS: 33.55.+b; 33.15.Bh; 33.15.Kr; 31.15.xrWe applied a methodology capable of resolving the optical rotatory power into atomic contributions. The individual atomic contributions to the optical rotatory power and molecular chirality of the methylhydroperoxide are obtained via a canonical transformation of the Hamiltonian by which the electric dipolar moment operator is transformed to the acceleration gauge formalism and the magnetic dipolar moment operator to the torque formalism. The gross atomic isotropic contributions have been evaluated for the carbon, the nonequivalent oxygen, and the nonequivalent hydrogen atoms of methylhydroperoxide, employing a very large Gaussian basis set which is close to the Hartree-Fock limit.This work was carried out with financial support from the Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología of Spain (Project No. CTQ2006-14487-C02-01/BQU ) and Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Project MADRISOLAR, Ref. S-0505/PPQ/ 0225). Thanks are given to the CTI (CSIC) and DCSC for allocation of computer time. M.S. thanks the IQM for the financial support while visiting this institution. Financial support from Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, and from the Danish Research Council (FNU) is gratefully acknowledged.Peer reviewe

Resolution of alkane molecular polarizabilities into atomic terms

Two additive schemes for resolving average molecular electric dipole polarizabilities into atomic contributions, based on the acceleration gauge for the electric dipole, are outlined. Extended calculations have been carried out for a few terms of the alkane series to test the reliability of the partition method. Gross atomic isotropic contributions evaluated for carbon, alpha(Av)(C)approximate to 5.7 a.u., and hydrogen, alpha(Av)(H)approximate to 2.7 a.u., are actually transferable from molecule to molecule, and can be used to predict fairly accurate average polarizabilities of higher homologous molecules in the alkane series. (C) 1998 American Institute of Physics. [S0021-9606(98)30732-1]

On the resolution of the optical rotatory power of chiral molecules into atomic terms. A study of hydrogen peroxide

An additive scheme for resolving average optical rotatory power of a molecule into atomic contributions, based on the acceleration gauge for the electric dipole, and/or the torque formalism, has been applied to hydrogen peroxide. Extended calculations have been carried out to test the reliability of the partition method. Gross atomic isotropic contributions to the average molecular property from oxygen and hydrogen atoms have been evaluated. The force and torque gauges provide different numerical values for atomic contributions