Association between electronic equipment in the bedroom and sedentary lifestyle, physical activity, and body mass index of children

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the association between electronic devices in the bedroom with sedentary time and physical activity, both assessed by accelerometry, in addition to body mass index in children from São Caetano do Sul.MethodsThe sample consisted of 441 children. The presence of electronic equipment (television, personal computer, and videogames) in the bedroom was assessed by a questionnaire. For seven consecutive days, children used an accelerometer to objectively monitor the sedentary time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Body mass index was categorized as suggested by the World Health Organization.ResultsOverall, 73.9%, 54.2% and 42.8% of children had TV, computer, and videogames in the bedroom, respectively, and spent an average of 500.7 and 59.1min/day of sedentary time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Of the children, 45.3% were overweight/obese. Girls with a computer in the bedroom (45min/day) performed less moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity than those without it (51.4min/day). Similar results were observed for body mass index in boys. Moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity was higher and body mass index was lower in children that had no electronic equipment in the bedroom. Presence of a computer (β=−4.798) and the combination TV+computer (β=−3.233) were negatively associated with moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity. Videogames and the combinations with two or three electronic devices were positively associated with body mass index. Sedentary time was not associated with electronic equipment.ConclusionElectronic equipment in the children's bedroom can negatively affect moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and body mass index regardless of gender, school, and annual family income, which can contribute to physical inactivity and childhood obesity.ResumoObjetivoDescrever a associação entre equipamentos eletrônicos no quarto com tempo sedentário e atividade física, ambos avaliados por acelerometria, além do índice de massa corporal (IMC) em crianças de São Caetano do Sul.MétodosA amostra foi composta por 441 crianças. A presença de equipamentos eletrônicos (televisão ou TV, computador e jogos de vídeo) no quarto foi avaliada por meio de um questionário. Durante sete dias consecutivos, as crianças usaram acelerômetro para monitorar objetivamente o tempo sedentário e atividade física de moderada a vigorosa (AFMV). O IMC foi categorizado conforme sugerido pela Organização Mundial de Saúde.ResultadosNo total, 73,9%, 54,2% e 42,8% das crianças tinham TV, computador e jogos de vídeo no quarto e gastavam em média 500,7 e 59,1min/dia de tempo sedentário e de AFMV. Das crianças, 45,3% tinham excesso de peso/obesidade. Meninas com computador no quarto (45min/dia) faziam menos AFMV do que as que não tinham (51,4min/dia). Resultados semelhantes ocorreram para o IMC nos meninos. AFMV foi maior e IMC menor nas crianças que não tinham equipamentos eletrônicos no quarto. Computador (β= ‐4,798) e a combinação de TV com computador (β= ‐3,233) foram negativamente associados com AFMV. Jogos de vídeo e as combinações com dois ou três equipamentos eletrônicos foram positivamente associados com IMC. Tempo sedentário não foi associado com equipamentos eletrônicos.ConclusãoEquipamentos eletrônicos no quarto das crianças podem afetar negativamente a AFMV e o IMC independentemente do sexo, escola e renda familiar anual e contribuir para a inatividade física e obesidade infantil

Cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional status of schoolchildren: 30-year evolution

OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes in cardiorespiratory fitness in evaluations performed every ten years since 1978/1980, according to the nutritional status and gender of students in the city of Ilhabela, Brazil. METHODS: The study is part of the Mixed Longitudinal Project on Growth, Development and Physical Fitness of Ilhabela. The study included 1,291 students of both genders, aged 10 to 11 years old. The study periods were: 1978/1980, 1988/1990, 1998/2000, and 2008/2010. The variables analyzed were: body weight, height, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max -L.min-1 and mL.kg-1.min-1) performed using a submaximal progressive protocol on a cycle ergometer. Individuals were classified as normal weight and overweight according to curves proposed by the World Health Organization of body mass index for age and gender. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with three factors followed by the Bonferroni method were used to compare the periods. RESULTS: The number of normal weight individuals (61%) was higher than that of overweight. There was a significant decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness in both genders. Among the schoolchildren with normal weight, there was a decrease of 22% in males and 26% in females. In overweight schoolchildren, males showed a decrease of 12.7% and females, of 18%. CONCLUSION: During a 30-year analysis with reviews every ten years from 1978/1980, there was a significant decrease in cardiorespiratory fitness in schoolchildren of both genders, which cannot be explained by the nutritional status. The decline in cardiorespiratory fitness was greater in individuals with normal weight than in overweight individuals.OBJETIVO: Comparar as mudanças da aptidão cardiorrespiratória em avaliações a cada 10 anos a partir de 1978/1980, de acordo com o estado nutricional e o sexo de escolares do município de Ilhabela, Brasil. MÉTODOS: O estudo faz parte do Projeto Misto-Longitudinal de Crescimento, Desenvolvimento e Aptidão Física de Ilhabela. Participaram do estudo 1.291 escolares de ambos os sexos, de 10 e 11 anos de idade. Os períodos analisados foram 1978/1980, 1988/1990, 1998/2000 e 2008/2010. As variáveis analisadas foram peso corporal, estatura e aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2máx - L.min-1 e mL.kg-1.min-1) realizada por um protocolo progressivo submáximo em um ciclo ergômetro. Os indivíduos foram classificados em eutróficos e excesso de peso mediante as curvas propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde de índice de massa corporal para idade e sexo. Para comparar os períodos, foi utilizado a ANOVA com três fatores, seguida pelo método Bonferroni. RESULTADOS: A quantidade de eutróficos (61%) foi maior do que a de excesso de peso. Houve diminuição significativa da aptidão cardiorrespiratória em ambos os sexos. Entre os escolares meninos e as meninas eutróficas houve diminuição de 22% e 26%, respectivamente. Nos escolares com excesso de peso, os meninos diminuíram em 12,7%, e as meninas, em 18%. CONCLUSÃO: Em uma análise de 30 anos, com avaliações a cada 10 anos a partir de 1978/1980, houve uma diminuição significante da aptidão cardiorrespiratória em escolares de ambos os sexos, que não pode ser explicada pelo estado nutricional. A queda da aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi maior nos escolares eutróficos do que nos obesos.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do SulUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de PediatriaSociedade Beneficente Israelita Brasileira Albert Einstein Hospital Israelita Albert EinsteinUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

Active transportation to school for children and adolescents from Brazil: a systematic review

The aim of this study was to describe the use of active transportation to school (ATS) for Brazilian children and adolescents through a systematic review. This review was carried out from February to March of 2018 by using databases from the area, governmental policies and research and by contacting researchers from this area. The databases used were: LILACS; BIREME; SCIELO; MEDLINE and SCOPUS. The search was performed in articles published from January 2007 to December 2017. The inclusion criteria were: original articles published in journals; articles that measured ATS; articles that evaluated Brazilian children and/or adolescents with ages ranging between 0 and 19 years of age, without specific clinical conditions, without diagnoses of diseases and non-athletes. Overall, 19 articles were selected for this study. Only 8 presented ATS values for gender, with boys and girls using ATS similarly, 4 for each gender. Regarding regions, 11 studies presented data from the Southern regions, 3 studies presented data from the Southeastern region, 3 from the Northeastern region and 2 studies presented data from Brazil as a whole. The Northern and Midwestern regions were not studied in any of the articles. Based on the results, the prevalence of ATS for children and adolescents varies according to the studies and regions in Brazil. Authorities should be encouraged to build monitoring systems for ATS to support planning and evaluation of public policies

Overweight, obesity, steps, and moderate to vigorous physical activity in children

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to establish cutoff points for the number of steps/day and minutes/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity in relation to the risk of childhood overweight and obesity and their respective associations. In addition, we aim to identify the amount of steps/day needed to achieve the recommendation of moderate to vigorous physical activity in children from São Caetano do Sul. METHODS In total, 494 children have used an accelerometer to monitor steps/day and the intensity of physical activity (min/day). The moderate to vigorous physical activity has been categorized according to the public health recommendation (≤ 60 versus >; 60 min/day). Overweight or obesity is defined as body mass index >; +1 SD, based on reference data from the World Health Organization. The data on family income, education of parents, screen time, diet pattern, and sedentary time have been collected by questionnaires. Logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic curves have been constructed. RESULTS On average, boys walked more steps/day (1,850) and performed more min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity (23.1) than girls. Overall, 51.4% of the children have been classified as eutrophic and 48.6% as overweight or obese. Eutrophic boys walked 1,525 steps/day and performed 18.6 minutes/day more of moderate to vigorous physical activity than those with overweight/obesity (p ; 0.05). The cutoff points to prevent overweight and obesity in boys and girls were 10,500 and 8,500 steps/day and 66 and 46 min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity, respectively. The walking of 9,700 steps/day for boys and 9,400 steps/day for girls ensures the scope of the recommendation of moderate to vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSIONS In boys, steps/day and moderate to vigorous physical activity have been negatively associated with body mass index, regardless of race, family income, education of parents, screen time, diet pattern, and sedentary time. We suggest, for steps/day and moderate to vigorous physical activity, studies with different ages and populations, with different designs, so as to inform the cause and effect relationship with various health parameters.OBJETIVO Estabelecer pontos de corte para o número de passos/dia e min/dia de atividade física com intensidade moderada a vigorosa em relação ao risco do excesso de peso e obesidade infantil e suas respectivas associações. Além de identificar a quantidade de passos/dia necessários para atingir a recomendação de atividade física de moderada a vigorosa em crianças de São Caetano do Sul. MÉTODOS No total, 494 crianças usaram acelerômetro para monitorar os passos/dia e a intensidade da atividade física (min/dia). A atividade física de moderada a vigorosa foi categorizada de acordo com a recomendação de saúde pública (≤ 60 versus >; 60 min/dia). Excesso de peso ou obesidade foi definido como índice de massa corporal >; +1 DP, com base nos dados de referência da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Renda familiar, escolaridade dos pais, tempo de tela, padrão de dieta, e tempo sedentário foram coletados por questionários. Foram construídas curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic e regressão logística. RESULTADOS Em média, os meninos realizaram mais passos/dia (1.850) e min/dia de atividade física de moderada a vigorosa (23,1) do que as meninas. No geral, 51,4% das crianças foram classificadas como eutróficas e 48,6% com excesso de peso ou obesidade. Meninos eutróficos realizavam 1.525 passos/dia e 18,6 min/dia de atividade física de moderada a vigorosa a mais do que aqueles com excesso de peso/obesidade (p ; 0,05). Os pontos de corte para evitar excesso de peso e obesidade nos meninos e meninas foram 10.500 e 8.500 passos/dia e 66 e 46 min/dia de atividade física de moderada a vigorosa, respectivamente. A realização de 9.700 passos/dia (meninos) e 9.400 passos/dia (meninas) garante o alcance da recomendação de atividade física de moderada a vigorosa. CONCLUSÕES Nos meninos, passos/dia e atividade física de moderada a vigorosa foram negativamente associados com o índice de massa corporal, independentemente da raça, renda familiar, escolaridade dos pais, tempo de tela, padrão de dieta e tempo sedentário. Sugere-se para passos/dia e atividade física de moderada a vigorosa, estudos em diversas idades e populações, com diferentes delineamentos, para assim informar a relação causa e efeito com diversos parâmetros de saúde

Modificações da adiposidade em escolares de acordo com o estado nutricional: análise de 30 anos

The aim of this study was to analyze changes in adiposity levels over a 30-year period in schoolchildren according to nutritional status. This study is part of Projeto Misto Longitudinal de Crescimento, Desenvolvimento e Aptidão Física de Ilhabela. 1.144 schoolchildren of both sexes, aged between 10 and 11 years, met the following inclusion criteria: (a) have at least one complete evaluation in one of the analyzed periods; (b) be in the prepubertal stage of sexual maturation; and (c) be apparently healthy. Analyzed periods were 1978/1980 (Baseline), 1988/1990 (10 years), 1998/2000 (20 years), 2008/2010 (30 years). Analyzed variables were: body mass (kg), height (cm) and adiposity levels (mm). Children were classified into three categories: eutrophic, overweight and obese, according to nutritional status, using World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) curves for age and sex. For a comparison between periods, Two-Factor Analysis of Variance and Bonferroni's test were used. In both sexes, the most significant increase in adiposity levels occurred among the eutrophic group, followed by the overweight group and obese group. Results showed an increase in adiposity levels over a 30-year period, even with nutritional status control. It shows that individuals with a similar BMI may vary in proportion and distribution of subcutaneous adipose tissue.O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as modificações da adiposidade de escolares, durante 30 anos, de acordo com o estado nutricional. O estudo faz parte do Projeto Misto Longitudinal de Crescimento, Desenvolvimento e Aptidão Física de Ilhabela. Uma amostra de 1.144 escolares de ambos os sexos, de 10 e 11 anos, atenderam aos seguintes critérios de inclusão: (a) pelo menos uma avaliação completa em um dos períodos analisados; (b) estar no estágio pré-púbere de maturação sexual; (c) ser aparentemente saudável. Os períodos analisados foram 1978/1980 (linha de base), 1988/1990 (10 anos), 1998/2000 (20 anos), 2008/2010 (30 anos). As variáveis analisadas foram: massa corporal, estatura e adiposidade, pela análise individual de cada dobra cutânea. Os indivíduos foram classificados em eutróficos, excesso de peso e obesos, mediante as curvas propostas pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) de índice de massa corporal para idade e sexo. Para comparar os períodos, foi utilizada a Análise de Variância com Dois Fatores seguida pelo método Bonferroni. Em ambos os sexos, o maior aumento significante ocorreu no grupo de escolares eutróficos, seguido pelos grupos excesso de peso e obeso. Houve modificações da adiposidade, mesmo com o controle do estado nutricional, durante o período de 30 anos analisado, mostrando que os indivíduos que têm semelhantes índices de massa corporal podem variar em proporção e distribuição de tecido adiposo subcutâneo.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Centro de Estudos do Laboratório de Aptidão Física de São Caetano do SulUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao AdolescenteHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinUNIFESP, EPM, Centro de Atendimento e Apoio ao AdolescenteSciEL

Elevated neck circumference and associated factors in adolescents

Background: Upper body subcutaneous fat, estimated by neck circumference (NC), may present greater metabolic risk than visceral fat. the aim of this study was to determine cutoff values for NC in adolescents that identify overweight and obesity, the prevalence of elevated NC, and its association with associated factors.Methods: Cross-sectional study with adolescents from public schools in São Paulo. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure and pubertal stage were collected. Cutoff values for NC were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curves. A binary logistic regression was used to determine relationships between NC and associated factors.Results: Among 1668 adolescents studied, 54.92% were female. the cutoff values of NC in girls and boys that identified overweight were 31.25 and 34.25 cm, and obesity, 32.65 and 37.95 cm, respectively, and the prevalence of adolescents with high NC was 32.63% in females and 37.63% among males. NC for overweight was observed that there was an association with sex, weight, body mass index, arm, waist and thigh circumferences, pubertal stages and body fat percent (BF%). NC for obesity was found association with gender, weight, arm and thigh circumferences, and BF% (p < 0.001).Conclusion: It was concluded that there is high prevalence of elevated NC and higher risks for this outcome considering overweight and obesity, sex, weight, arm and thigh circumferences, BF%, besides being an easy and simple measure for use in clinical practice.Adolescent Division, Pediatric Department, Federal University of São PauloUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Adolescent Care & Support Ctr, Dept Pediat, Adolescent Med Sector, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Taubate, Dept Nursing & Nutr, São Paulo, BrazilCtr Phys Fitness Lab Studies Sao Caetano do Sul C, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Adolescent Care & Support Ctr, Dept Pediat, Adolescent Med Sector, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Energy imbalance gap, anthropometric measures, lifestyle, and sociodemographic correlates in Latin American adults. Results from the ELANS study

Overweight and obesity are often explained by an imbalance between energy intake and ex penditure. This, in addition to metabolic effects, makes it difficult to assess the real state of individual energy balance. This study aims to analyze the energy gaps between intake and expenditure in the adult population of Latin America, as well as its relationships with sociodemographic variables and nutrition status, to draw an epidemiological perspective based on the trends observed. The energy imbalance gap was used to this end. The difference between energy intake and expenditure can be applied as a reference to explain whether weight equilibrium can prevent weight gain. Moreover, the energy imbalance gap allows for a better understanding of the design of public health policies. Using data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, the energy imbalance gap in adult population from eight Latin-American countries was assessed in 5994 subjects aged from 19–65. Usual dietary intake was measured using two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls. The sociodemographic questionnaire was supplemented by anthropometric measurements. Physical activity was measured through the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Energy expenditure was obtained using the basal metabolic rate. For the overall sample, the mean energy intake was 1939.1 kcal (95% CI: 1926.9; 1951.3), the mean of energy expenditure was 1915.7 kcal (95% CI: 1906.4; 1924.9), and the mean of energy imbalance gap was 23.4 kcal (95% CI: 11.9; 35.0). Results show that energy intake and expenditure were higher in men. Moreover, subjects aged 19–34, of high socioeconomic level, who completed high school, were mestizos and were of normal weight consumed the highest number of calories. Overall, a positive energy imbalance gap was observed. Overweight and obese from Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela showed a significantly lower energy imbalance gap than underweight subjects. These findings confirm the high variability of energy imbalance gap and the accompanying correlates of energy intake and expenditure. Further research is needed to specifically address interventions in low and middle-income countries such as many in Latin America, to help reduce the prevalence of obesity and eradicate undernutritionCoca Cola Company///Instituto Pensi/Hospital Infantil Sabara///BrasilInternational Life Science Institute of Argentina///ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela///VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional from Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Food Sources of Shortfall Nutrients among Latin Americans: Results from the Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition (ELANS)

Increased consumption of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods can lead to inadequate intakes of shortfall nutrients, including vitamin A, D, C, and E, dietary folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and fiber. The objective was to examine the prevalence of inadequate intake of shortfall nutrients and identify food sources of shortfall nutrients in eight Latin American countries. Data from ELANS, a multi-country, population-based study of 9218 adolescents and adults were used. Dietary intake was collected through two 24 h Recalls from participants living in urban areas of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Foods and beverages were classified using the adapted version of the NHANES “What We Eat in America” system. Nutrients inadequacy was estimated using the Institute of Medicine recommendations and descriptive statistics were calculated. Prevalence of inadequacy was above 50% for most of the nutrients, which the exception of vitamin C with a prevalence of inadequacy of 39%. Milk, cheese, seafoods, breads, and fruit juices/drinks were among the top 5 sources for each of the 10 shortfall nutrients examined. Many food categories were top contributors to more than one dietary component examined. Understanding the nutrient intake and food sources can help inform dietary guidance and intervention approaches.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin