Cannabis Drug Development and the Controlled Substances Act

Cannabis is a federally illegal drug in the United States, yet thirty-seven states and four territories have now enacted laws allowing the production, distribution, and consumption of cannabis for medical use. An estimated 5.5 million individuals in medical-use states are qualified to purchase cannabis to treat and mitigate symptoms for conditions ranging from cancer to post-traumatic stress disorder to chronic pain. But, only three cannabis drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The current state of federal illegality creates a problem of supply and demand—consumer demand for cannabis is high, but the number of approved drug products and indications for use remains extremely low. Federal agencies maintain that they support cannabis drug development, but current regulations add hefty requirements to the already complex and costly drug approval process. This Note provides an overview of the current regulatory approval process for cannabis drugs and identifies specific barriers to research and development, specifically restrictions on the supply of cannabis for research and the current demand for cannabis drugs. As the FDA has a responsibility to protect the public health by ensuring drug safety and efficacy, it should prioritize its study of cannabis products, given that the plant and many of its chemical compounds likely have significant therapeutic potential

La libertà religiosa nel magistero di Giovanni Paolo II.

Material incluido en el volumen especial de la revista del Instituto Martín de Azpilcueta, Universidad de Navarra : Ius Canonicum (1999), en honor de Javier Hervada

Investigation of pedestrian evacuation scenarios through congestion level and crowd dang

In this paper, we present two quantities aimed at numerically describing the level of congestion and the intrinsic risk of pedestrian crowds. The congestion level allows to assess the smoothness of pedestrian streams and recognize regions where self-organization is difficult or not possible. This measure differs from previous attempts to quantify congestion in pedestrian crowds by employing velocities as vector entities (thus not only focusing on the absolute value). The crowd danger contains elements related to congestion, but also includes the effect of density, consequently allowing to asses the risks intrinsically created by the dynamics of crowds. Details on the computational methods related to both quantities are described in the paper and their properties are discussed. As a practical application, both measures are used to investigate supervised experiments where evacuation (or similar conditions) are considered. Results for small room sizes and limited number of pedestrians show that the crowd danger distribution over the space in front of the exit door has similar patterns to typical quantities used in the frame of pedestrian dynamics (density and flow) and symmetrical shapes are obtained. However, when larger scenarios are considered, then congestion map and crowd danger become unrelated from density and/or flow, showing that both quantities express different aspects of pedestrian motion

Stochastic models of forecasting prices of soybeans in Brazil

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

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