3,593 research outputs found
Creation of electron-positron plasma with superstrong laser field
We present a short review of recent progress in studying QED effects of
interaction of ultra-relativistic laser pulses with vacuum and plasma.
The development of laser technologies promises very rapid growth of laser
intensities in close future already. Two exawatt class facilities (ELI and
XCELS, Russia) in Europe are already in the planning stage. Realization of
these projects will make available a laser of intensity W/cm
or even higher. Therefore, discussion of nonlinear optical effects in vacuum
are becoming urgent for experimentalists and are currently gaining much
attention. We show that, in spite of the fact that the respective field
strength is still essentially less than V/cm, the nonlinear vacuum effects will be accessible for observation
at ELI and XCELS facilities. The most promissory for observation is the effect
of pair creation by laser pulse in vacuum. It is shown, that at intensities
W/cm, creation even of a single pair is accompanied by
development of an avalanchelike QED cascade. There exists an important
distinctive feature of the laser-induced cascades, as compared with the air
showers arising due to primary cosmic ray entering the atmosphere. In our case
the laser field plays not only the role of a target (similar to a nucleus in
the case of air showers). It is responsible also for acceleration of slow
particles. It is shown that the effect of pair creation imposes a natural limit
for attainable laser intensity. Apparently, the field strength is
not accessible for pair creating electromagnetic field at all.Comment: To be published in digest "IZEST Scientific Case" in EPJ ST early
201
Strong resonant tunneling, level repulsion and spectral type for one-dimensional adiabatic quasi-periodic Schr\"{o}dinger operators
In this paper, we consider one dimensional adiabatic quasi-periodic
Schr\"{o}dinger operators in the regime of strong resonant tunneling. We show
the emergence of a level repulsion phenomenon which is seen to be very
naturally related to the local spectral type of the operator: the more singular
the spectrum, the weaker the repulsion
Exact analytical expression for the electromagnetic field in a focused laser beam or pulse
We present a new class of exact nonsingular solutions for the Maxwell
equations in vacuum, which describe the electromagnetic field of the
counterpropagating focused laser beams and the subperiod focused laser pulse.
These solutions are derived by the use of a modification of the "complex source
method", investigated and visualized.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, an extended version of the talk at the
International Conference on Coherent and Nonlinear Optics (ICONO 2007
Elliptical dichroism: operating principle of planar chiral metamaterials
We employ a homogenization technique based on the Lorentz electronic theory
to show that planar chiral structures (PCSs) can be described by an effective
dielectric tensor similar to that of biaxial elliptically dichroic crystals.
Such a crystal is shown to behave like a PCS insofar as it exhibits its
characteristic optical properties, namely, co-rotating elliptical polarization
eigenstates and asymmetric, direction-dependent transmission for
left/right-handed incident wave polarization.Comment: 3 pages, version as accepted in Optics Letters but before final
shortening
The scattering from generalized Cantor fractals
We consider a fractal with a variable fractal dimension, which is a
generalization of the well known triadic Cantor set. In contrast with the usual
Cantor set, the fractal dimension is controlled using a scaling factor, and can
vary from zero to one in one dimension and from zero to three in three
dimensions. The intensity profile of small-angle scattering from the
generalized Cantor fractal in three dimensions is calculated. The system is
generated by a set of iterative rules, each iteration corresponding to a
certain fractal generation. Small-angle scattering is considered from
monodispersive sets, which are randomly oriented and placed. The scattering
intensities represent minima and maxima superimposed on a power law decay, with
the exponent equal to the fractal dimension of the scatterer, but the minima
and maxima are damped with increasing polydispersity of the fractal sets. It is
shown that for a finite generation of the fractal, the exponent changes at
sufficiently large wave vectors from the fractal dimension to four, the value
given by the usual Porod law. It is shown that the number of particles of which
the fractal is composed can be estimated from the value of the boundary between
the fractal and Porod regions. The radius of gyration of the fractal is
calculated analytically.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in J. Appl. Crys
On the kinetic equation approach to pair production by time-dependent electric field
We investigate the quantum kinetic approach to pair production from vacuum by
time-dependent electric field. Equivalence between this approach and the more
familiar S-matrix approach is explicitly established for both scalar and
fermion cases. For the particular case of a constant electric field exact
solution for kinetic equations is provided and the accuracy of low-density
approximation is estimated.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
- …