Health Expenditures, Institutional Quality and Economic Growth

The study aims to determine the effect of health expenditures on economic growth while taking into account the quality of health institutions, keeping in view the fact that it’s not just the level, rather quality of expenditures or institutions that matters. Our hypothesis was where institutions are better health investment in health brings more economic growth as compared to those with low quality institutions. To attain that objective the standard neoclassical Solow Growth Model at steady-state level was taken as theoretical framework and made a production function adding institutional quality proxied by government effectiveness along with other variables like health expenditure, primary education completion rate, population growth etc. For estimation purposes, data for the sample of 20 South, East Asian and Pacific developing countries was used for the period 1995-2017. It was found that if health expenditures adjusted for the quality of government expenditures increase by 100%, then the economic growth will increase by 5%

Stein's Method for Poisson-Exponential Distributions

The distribution of the maximum of a zero truncated Poisson number of i.i.d. exponentially distributed random variables is known as a Poisson-Exponential distribution. It arises for example as a model for monotone hazard rates, and also as a limiting distribution for example, of a Generalized Poisson-Exponential distribution and a scaled Poisson-Geometric distribution. To assess these distributional approximations, we first derive a Stein equation for the distribution of the maximum of a random number of random variables, and detail it for Poisson-Exponential distributions. We then provide upper bounds on the approximation errors in total variation distance when approximating Poisson-Exponential distributions and a Generalized Poisson-Exponential distribution by different Poisson-Exponential distributions. Moreover, employing standardised Stein equations we obtain upper bounds on the bounded Wasserstein distance when using a Poisson-Exponential distribution to approximate a scaled Poisson-Geometric distribution. With this result we bound the bounded Wasserstein distance between the scaled distribution of the maximum of a random number of waiting times of the occurrence of pattern in Bernoulli sequences and a Poisson-Exponential distribution

Impact of Personal Branding on Career Development in Pakistan

Impression Management (IM) is well demarcated procedure through which individuals try to power the descriptions and opinions, which people perceive about them. Individuals ought to be thoughtful and vigilant in using IM schemes as it also involves the danger possibility that this would be observed destructively, on behalf of each anticipated appearance there is parallel unwanted appearance at stake. Impression management is an individualistic approach. Everyone has opportunity to be a trademark, if Impression management applied correctly can transform any individual into success in any field. The behavior of Impression management must not merely be understood as un-functional inside corporate world settings, this could too attain organizational objectives.The study was carried out through survey instrument, which was developed around five IM tactics. An analysis of about 189 professionals serving in different public and private universities locating in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. The gathered data was analyzed using descriptive and correlation analyses which revealed interesting trends related with impression management, career development and glass ceiling. The insights developed through this study are useful to many stakeholders in the local context, including professionals especially for women and minorities Keywords: Career Development, impression management/personal branding, glass ceiling, self-promotion, ingratiation, exemplification, supplication. Intimidatio

Health Promoting Schools: A Powerful Means of Improving Community Oral Health for Future Generations of Pakistan

Public health has shifted its focus towards social conditions that are responsible for achievement of oral health and preventionof oral diseases like dental caries, periodontal disease and oral cancer. The oral health burden on Pakistani population is alarmingwith children being the most common victim of oral dental diseases. At present knowledge and attitudes of influential professionalssuch as school teachers on oral health and school based preventive programs is poor. Health promoting school is a place whereinstitutional policies, physical and social environment, relation with the community, curriculum and personal skills makes it ahealthy setting for living, learning and working. School serves as a powerful setting for learning of children and healthybehaviors. Lifestyle developed within a school environment are said to be more sustainable. Dental professionals need to workin partnership with school teachers to change attitudes, beliefs and behavior along with provision of knowledg

Content Analysis of Award Winning Advertisements: Search for More Creative Elements

Contents like colours, jingle, visuals, celebrity, communication and the slogan has positive effects to make creative ads. Contents have significant impact on making a creative ads and it makes a positive effect on the relationship of these contents and creativity. All advertising professionals and ad agencies should pick the concept and to make the eye catching and heart touching creative ads so that the products and services should be communicated in the most productive and effective ways. Before applying this concept a creative brainstorming session should be adopted to discuss the relevant contents after analyzing the profile of the segment and psychology of the customers the campaigns should be designed to make an impact on larger scale. This will also be helpful for managers who are looking for advertising campaigns enrich of these elements for better analysis of the ads. This content analysis of different ads can be important part to save time in creative ideas session made by the creative directors in the ad agencies.  This study can be beneficial for marketers in a way that they can give them a new insight towards content analysis and creative techniques, processes and approaches. Local companies can take help from this study in a way that it can apply this broad concept of creative advertising in their respective organizations and save their brands if they are facing serious problem in terms of revenue and in terms of recall, old organizations can introduce new technique of creative advertising to boost their products and brands and can develop their own theme rather to consult an ad agency for the creative recipe. Keywords: Content analysis, advertisements, award winning, creative elements

ANALYSIS FACTORS OF AFFECTING CAPITAL STRUCTURE WITH FIRM SIZE AS MODERATING VARIABLE IN CONSUMER GOODS COMPANIES LISTED ON BEI

The objective of this research was to examine and to analyze the influence of profitability, sales growth, asset structure, liquidity, operating leverage, and business risk on capital structure simultaneously and partially and whether firm size could moderate the correlation of profitability, sales growth, asset structure, liquidity, operating leverage, and business risk with capital structure. The research objects were consumer goods companies listed in BEI (Indonesia Stock Exchange) in the period of 2012-2015. The research used causality method. The population and the samples were 33 so that there were 132 observation units. The data were analyzed by using multiple linear regression analysis and residual analysis. The result of the first hypothesis showed that simultaneously the independent variables (profitability, sales growth, asset structure, liquidity, operating leverage, and business risk) had significant influence on capital structure. Partially, sales growth, asset structure, liquidity, and operating leverage had significant influence on capital structure, while profitability and business risk did not have any significant influence on capital structure. The result of the second hypothesis showed that firm size could not moderate the correlation of profitability, sales growth, asset structure, liquidity, operating leverage, and business risk with capital structure in consumer goods companies listed in BEI in the period of 2012-2015

Abruptio placentae with type II respiratory failure secondary to acute interstitial pneumonia responsive to steroids.

Acute Interstitial Pneumonia (AIP) is categorized as Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia (IIP), in which the cause is unknown. Ayoung female of 22 years presented in 34 weeks gestation with abruptio placentae (AP) and underwent Lower Segment Caesarian Section (LSCS) for AP. It progressed to type II respiratory failure secondary to AIPon 4th day post-surgery. It remained unresponsive when treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV-BiPAP) along with antibiotics. Later, a trial treatment of pulse therapy of Methylprednisolone was executed on 7th day post-surgery which resulted in dramatic improvement in symptoms. It is uncommon to have type II respiratory failure secondary to AIP, and it is rarely steroid responsive

Corporate internet reporting within Malaysian economic sectors

Corporate Internet Reporting (CIR) is the communication process between corporation and stakeholders via the Internet medium. The Malaysian economy in 2015 was ranked 14th in the world and 5th in countries with a population exceeding 20 million, is one of the most competitive countries in the world. The use of CIR by Malaysian corporations in diverse economic sectors is considered as a precondition for success. This study looks into the elements of CIR practice by 310 publicly listed Malaysian corporations across various economic sectors. In addition, the influence drivers for CIR practiced by the corporations has also been examined. In measuring the level of CIR in use, this study has developed a CIR index with 41 attributes. Data was gathered for a period of three months and analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression method. The results revealed that the level of CIR practiced by Malaysian corporations varies across economic sectors, with certain sectors dominating the level of practice in specific CIR categories. Size, profitability and economic sector are significant in determining the CIR practice of corporations. Finally, the study contributes to the knowledge pertaining to CIR in Malaysia as it examines the actual level of CIR practiced by corporations in various economic sectors

A Comprehensive Review of Acute Coronary Syndrome

A significant sign of coronary artery disease is the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Angina pectoris, ST-elevation myocardial infarction, and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are just a few of the conditions that are grouped together under the general term “ACS.” The main cause of death worldwide is cardiovascular disease, which puts ACS under a heavy financial strain. Reduced blood flow to the heart, primarily as a result of plaque rupture and thrombus development, is a pathogenesis of ACS. Numerous risk factors, both modifiable (such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and inactivity) and non-modifiable (like age, gender, and inheritance), can lead to the development of ACS. Electrocardiography (ECG), clinical evaluation, history-taking, and cardiac biomarkers are all used in the diagnosis process. For the best management, prompt diagnosis and risk classification are essential. Reperfusion therapy, anti-anginal therapy, and renin-angiotensin blocking are a few of the suggested procedures in treatment techniques that aim to minimise myocardial ischemia and restore coronary blood flow. Long-term management also strongly depends on modifying one’s lifestyle, including giving up smoking, eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and obtaining rehabilitation. Acute cardiac failure, ventricular septum or papillary muscle rupture, arrhythmias, recurrent angina, and other consequences of ACS are also highlighted in the paper. The prognosis varies depending on variables, including persistent myocardial injury and the existence of ventricular arrhythmias; an unfavourable prognosis is frequently related to arrhythmias and is associated with poor left ventricular function. . This article offers a thorough review of ACS and gives readers important information about its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis