Névtan és egységesítés: egy kerekasztal-beszélgetés tanulságai

Onomastics and Standardization: Conclusions of a round table discussion     This paper summarizes the main thoughts of a round table discussion organized on 11th June, 2013 as a separate session of the workshop entitled “Onomastics and Standardization”. The discussion dealt with some major issues of geographical names standardization focusing on three basic questions: in which fields does geographical names standardization prove to be extremely useful; what can be said about the relations between Hungarian and international standardization endeavours, and to what extent it is possible to use the international guidelines in Hungarian standardization practices; and what are the most important current tasks and challenges facing the Hungarian Committee on Geographical Names

A terminológia mint a fordítóknak nyújtott információ- és tudásmenedzsment : történeti szempontok

The aim of this study is to present terminology as an information and knowledge management for translators from historical aspects. Several areas can be classified as subsets of information history, e.g. library science, translation, and the fields of terminology, standardization and technical documentation. Terminologists can be regarded as information specialists who provide translators with a special information service: collection, classification, and rendering terms into databases. An important step of international unification processes is standardization, in which terminology is attributed a prominent role. The “father” of terminological standardization was the Austrian engineer Eugen Wüster, whose doctoral dissertation, published in 1931, initiated the process of terminological standardization. From historical point of view, the emergence of terminology as information and knowledge management for translators can be linked to the works of Eugen Wüster. In Hungary, terminological work for translation primarily takes place in translation bureaus, so the information and knowledge management works for translators is provided by these agencies. The most important information management tools to support translation activity are the terminology databases. Such databases were launched as early as the second half of the 20th century, however, public online terminology databases only became available from the mid-1990s, and even more so from the 2000s

A terminológia mint a fordítóknak nyújtott információ- és tudásmenedzsment : történeti szempontok

The aim of this study is to present terminology as an information and knowledge management for translators from historical aspects. Several areas can be classified as subsets of information history, e.g. library science, translation, and the fields of terminology, standardization and technical documentation. Terminologists can be regarded as information specialists who provide translators with a special information service: collection, classification, and rendering terms into databases. An important step of international unification processes is standardization, in which terminology is attributed a prominent role. The “father” of terminological standardization was the Austrian engineer Eugen Wüster, whose doctoral dissertation, published in 1931, initiated the process of terminological standardization. From historical point of view, the emergence of terminology as information and knowledge management for translators can be linked to the works of Eugen Wüster. In Hungary, terminological work for translation primarily takes place in translation bureaus, so the information and knowledge management works for translators is provided by these agencies. The most important information management tools to support translation activity are the terminology databases. Such databases were launched as early as the second half of the 20th century, however, public online terminology databases only became available from the mid-1990s, and even more so from the 2000s

Immunization of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn)-infected Apob(tm2Sgy)Ldlr(tm1Her)/J mice with a combined peptide of Cpn significantly reduces atherosclerotic lesion development

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antigenic effect of a peptide containing two epitopes of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) on atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice infected with Cpn. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six-week-old Apob(tm2Sgy)Ldlr(tm1Her)/J mice were immunized using a repetitive immunization multiple-sites strategy with KLH-conjugated peptides derived from the major outer membrane protein and the putative outer membrane protein 5 of Cpn. Mice were fed a high-fat diet and infected with Cpn twice during the 10-week diet period. Lesions were evaluated histologically; local and systemic immune responses were analyzed by immunohistochemistry of aorta samples and cytokine measurements in plasma samples and splenocyte supernatants. RESULTS: Mice immunized with the combined Cpn peptide showed a greater reduction in lesion size compared to mice immunized with either epitope alone [54.7% vs 39.8% or 41.72%] and was also associated with a significant decrease in lesion area in descending aortas compared with those in controls (88.9% for combined Cpn peptide, 81.9% for MOMP peptide and 75.7% for Omp5, respectively). This effect was associated with a shift in the cellular composition of plaques towards decreased inflammatory cell and increased regulatory T-cell content. Additionally, the effect was also connected with decreased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines demonstrated in plasma and in supernatant on stimulated spleen cells. CONCLUSIONS: Atherosclerotic lesion formation may be promoted by Cpn infection in the presence of a high-fat diet, and reduced by immunization with the combined Cpn peptide. The combined peptide has more potential than either epitope alone in reducing atherosclerotic lesion development through Treg expansion

Association of purinergic receptor P2RX7 gene polymorphisms with depression symptoms

The activation of the ATP-gated P2RX7 (purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7) produces microglial activation, a process which has been demonstrated in depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Emerging data over the last years highlighted the importance of P2X7 cation channel as a potential drug target for these central nervous system disorders. The Gln460Arg (rs2230912) polymorphism of the P2RX7 gene has been widely studied in mood disorders, however the results are still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the C-terminal region of this gene in major depressive and bipolar disorders (MDD and BD) by studying possibly functional, non-synonymous polymorphisms within a 7 kb long region around the Gln460Arg, including Ala348Thr (rs1718119), Thr357Ser (rs2230911), and Glu496Ala (rs3751143) variants. Since Gln460Arg is located at the 3' end of the P2RX7 gene, we included additional, potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the 3' untranslated region (UTR), which can be in linkage with Gln460Arg. Based on in silico search, we chose two SNPs in putative microRNA target sites which are located in consecutive positions: rs1653625 and rs1718106.P2RX7 SNPs from the C-terminal region were selected based on previous functional assays, 3' UTR variants were chosen using PolymiRTS and Patrocles databases. The genotyping of the non-synonymous SNPs was carried out by pre-designed TaqMan® kits, while the 3' UTR variants were analyzed by PCR-RFLP method. Case-control analyses were carried out between 315 inpatients with acute major depressive episode (195 MDD, 120 BD) and 406 healthy control subjects. The two subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) self-report questionnaire were used for quantitative analyses, including an additional, "at-risk" population of 218 patients with diabetes mellitus. The in vitro reporter gene assays were carried out on HEK and SK-N-FI cells transiently transfected with pMIR vector constructs containing the P2RX7 3' UTR downstream of the luciferase gene.Haplotype analysis indicated a relatively high linkage between the analyzed P2RX7 SNPs. Our case-control study did not yield any association between P2RX7 gene variants and depression. However, dimensional analyses showed significant associations of the HADS depression severity scores with Gln460Arg (rs2230912) and Ala348Thr (rs1718119) in the depressed and diabetic patient groups. In the in vitro experiments, the P2RX7 3' UTR constructs with the lowest predicted binding efficiency to their miRNAs showed the highest expression of the gene. The combination of the depression-associated P2RX7 C-terminal and 3' UTR SNPs contributed to the highest depression severity score in the haplotype analysis. Based on our findings, we propose that a P2RX7 haplotype combination of the Gln460Arg and neighboring SNPs contribute to the observed genetic association with depressive symptoms

Névtan és egységesítés: egy kerekasztal-beszélgetés tanulságai. [Onomastics and Standardization: Conclusions of a round table discussion]

This paper summarizes the main thoughts of a round table discussion organized on 11th June, 2013 as a separate session of the workshop entitled “Onomastics and Standardization”. The discussion dealt with some major issues of geographical names standardization focusing on three basic questions: in which fields does geographical names standardization prove to be extremely useful; what can be said about the relations between Hungarian and international standardization endeavours, and to what extent it is possible to use the international guidelines in Hungarian standardization practices; and what are the most important current tasks and challenges facing the Hungarian Committee on Geographical Names