Cyclo­hexyl­methyl­ammonium N,N′-dicyclo­hexyl-N,N′-dimethyl-N′′-(2,2,2-trifluoro­acet­yl)phospho­nic triamide)

In the salt, C7H16N+·C16H28F3N3O2P−, the P atom shows tetra­hedral coordination. Two ion pairs are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds across a center of inversion. The phosphoryl and carbonyl groups are staggered [O—P—N—C = 64.8 (3)°]

Intra-osseous Jaw Lesions in Children and Adolescents: A 20-Year Retrospective Study in an Iranian Population

Objectives The aim of the present study was to document the frequency and clinicopathologic features of intra-osseous jaw lesions in an Iranian pediatric population over a 20-year period.Methods Data were obtained from the archives of the Oral Pathology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The lesions were classified into four groups: (A) odontogenic cysts, (B) odontogenic tumors, (C) benign bone pathologies and (D) malignant bone tumors. The patients were divided into two age groups of (A) children (≤12 years old) and (B) adolescents (13 to 18 years old).Results Of 5,722 biopsy samples, 475 (58.2%) were diagnosed as intra-osseous lesions in patients aged 0-18 years with a male (55.2%) and mandibular (60.6%) predilection. The patients’ age ranged from 3 months to 18 years with a mean age of 12.5 years. Odontogenic cysts presented the most prevalent subgroup (51.3%) followed by benign bone pathologies (26.5%), odontogenic tumors (18.9%) and malignant bone tumors (3.1%). The most frequently observed lesions in descending order were dentigerous cyst (25.2%), radicular cyst (18.3%), central giant cell granuloma (14.9%), ameloblastoma (7.7%) and odontogenic keratocyst (5%).Conclusion Comparing our results with available data showed similarities in odontogenic cysts and benign bone pathologies. However, differences in odontogenic and malignant bone tumors were evident, which may be due to racial and geographical characteristics. Considering the limited data, further studies are recommended in this respect.

Male nursing students’ perception of gender barriers in nursing curricula in an Iranian university of medical sciences

OBJECTIVE. The present study aimed to determine male nursing students’ perception of gender barriers in nursing curricula. METHODS. This descriptive study was conducted on 150 B.Sc. and M.Sc. nursing students at Tabriz School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran that were selected through convenience sampling. The study data were collected using Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs-Short (IMFNP-S). This scale has 17 items for investigating male nursing students’ perception of gender barriers in nursing curricula. Each item is a 5-point Likert-type scale scored from 0 to 4; total scale score could range from 0 to 68, higher scores representing male nursing students’ perception of less gender barriers in nursing curricula. RESULTS. The total mean score of gender barriers was 35.11+6.15. The most important barriers included different requirements/limitations in obstetrics apprenticeship (Median=1), and need for proving oneself because of people’s expectation of nurses to be female (Median=2). On the other hand, the least important barriers were lack of important people’s support on one’s career decisions (Median=3), and lack of opportunity to work with other male nurses (Median=3). The scale score was not associated with the socio-demographic characteristics studied. CONCLUSION. The most male nursing students feel various gender issues in the nursing curriculum in a medium level that may negatively impact on their learning, professional performance and motivation and tendency to nursing. Furthermore, this vicious cycle can lead to lack of professional development, leaving the job and burnout. Thus, creating a gender-neutral environment can make nursing programs more male friendly

ACE1-I/D Polymorphism in Patients With Severe COVID-19

Background: In several studies, insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) gene is described as a genetic risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. However, in some studies, this contribution is not confirmed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the genotypic and allelic frequency of ACE1-D/I in Kurdish patients with severe COVID-19 in Iran. Methods: A total of 95 patients with PCR positive-COVID-19 were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes using the salting out method. All cases were genotyped for ACE1-I/D polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Death percentage from COVID-19 after two months’ follow-up was analyzed. Results: Of the 95 patients, 48 were female (50.5%) and 47 were male (49.5%) with a mean age of 61.9±18.7 years. The ID genotype was the most prevalent (52.6%) followed by DD (32.6%) and II (14.7%). The D and I allele frequencies were 58.9%, and 41.1%, respectively. The D allele frequency was higher in patients with SpO2≤90% (P = 0.048). The mortality percentage was 18.9% (8 females and 10 males). The frequency of the DD, ID, and II genotypes in patients who died from COVID-19 was 27.7%, 61,1%, and 11.1%. Conclusions: Our results indicated that the ACE1- D allele can be a genetic risk factor in COVID-19 patients. Further studies on different ethnicities and geographical regions are needed to evaluate this polymorphism in COVID-19 infection

Combined Effects of High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training and Ziziphus jujuba Extract on Tissue Nesfatin-1 in Rats

Nesfatin-1 is involved in metabolic/feeding regulation and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that exercise and herb supplementation can influence nesfatin-1 concentration. The present study investigated the effects of high-intensity training (HIT) and Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) extract on tissue nesfatin-1 in rats. Twenty-eight female rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups i.e. 1) Saline-Control (SC), 2) Saline-High Intensity Training (ST), 3) Ziziphus jujuba-Control (ZJC), and 4) Ziziphus jujuba-High Intensity Training (ZJT). Rats performed exercise on a treadmill and/or administered supplements intragastrically for 6 weeks, depending on group category. Seventy-two hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized. Blood, hypothafi 2lamus tissue, heart and gastrocnemius muscles were sent to the laboratory for analyses. Significantly higher nesfatin-1 gene expression and concentration and ATP concentration were found in trained rat. HIT increased plasma High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and insulin concentration and reduced plasma Triglyceride (TG) and cortisol. ZJ increased tissue nesftain-1 gene expression and concentration while only increasing heart ATP. The combination of exercise and ZJ showed an additive effect compared to each intervention alone on hypothalamus, heart and gastrocnemius NUCB2 gene expression, heart and gastrocnemius nesfatin-1 concentration, plasma HDL and cortisol concentration. The authors recommend both interventions as a means to improve cardiovascular health in rats with further work needed to confirm similar findings in homo sapiens

CivilOnto: An Ontology Based on Persian Articles Published in Civil Engineering Domain

The present research aims to represent the terms and concepts of civil engineering and thus design its domain structure in the form of ontology. This is an applied research and the qualitative content analysis method with summative approach is used. The research population is 12309 published articles in the scientific journals (1983 to 2016), indexed in the full-text Persian articles database at Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICeST). Data collection was done via SQL queries from the RICeST database. The content analysis was used to create a conceptual model of the civil engineering domain and to explain the relationships and instances. To create the conceptual model, there were consulted with 10 Subject experts in civil engineering area. The process of ontology creation has been done through METHONTOLOGY methodology and protégé ontology management software (Beta 5 edition). The made-artifact of this research has 283 concepts, along with 62 object properties, 79 data type properties, 10 annotative properties, and 976 instances. In total, in the present research, 151 semantic properties were identified between the concepts. The results of this research can serve as a guide for the RICeST experts in order to identify the users’ needs and facilitate the users’ interaction with RICeST databases. This can also provide the users with access to more relevant resources. This ontology can also be served as a layer of semantic web in these databases

Impact of Rifampin Induction on the Fermentation Production of Ganoderic Acids by Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

Backgrounds and Objectives: Ganoderic acids are the most valuable secondary metabolites in Ganoderma lucidum traditional medicinal mushrooms, which have shown antitumor properties in many studies. However, application of ganoderic acids is limited due to low yield production. Recently, it was shown that static liquid culture could be a proven technology for producing ganoderic acids in Ganoderma lucidum, and that applying elicitors could be a potential strategy to improve their production. Materials and Methods: In this work, the effect of rifampin, a cyto-chromes P450 inducer, on production of ganoderic acids was studied, and Response Surface Methodology was applied to optimize the elicitor induction. Then total ganoderic acid in the harvested mycelia was extracted and its absorbency was measured. Results and Conclusion: The results showed an increase in the concen-tration of ganoderic acid in all samples. Moreover, optimum concentration and induction time of rifampin were obtained. The proposed model predicted the maximum ganoderic acid production as 18.6 mg g-1 in which the optimal concentration and time induction obtained were 100 μM and day 9, respectively. This work demonstrated a useful method for the enhanced production of ganoderic acids by Ganoderma lucidum.

Effects of physical activity and obesity on hypertension: A narrative mini-review of the main effective mechanisms

Physical activity (PA) and obesity are effective interventions for hypertension. The current study is a review to explain possible mechanisms related to the effects of PA and obesity on hypertension. To this end, several scientific databases were searched using the keyword "hypertension" and also some English articles related to obesity and PA were investigated. Then, the mechanisms of obesity and PA associated with hypertension were extracted from the collected articles. Overall, obesity causes an increase in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) systems, harmful changes in lipid and lipoprotein profile, a decrease in insulin sensitivity, as well as harmful changes in adipokines, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors. PA improves the above-mentioned changes caused by obesity. Overall, PA mainly via an effect on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial cells, the elasticity of arteries, body weight, the activity of the RAA system, activity of parasympathetic and renal function as well as improve the insulin sensitivity has positive effects on hypertension. It should be noted that the effects of PA against hypertension is highly variable and they are related to PA modes, environmental and genetic factors

Isolated Intraconal Meningioma

Purpose: To report a rare case of isolated intraconal meningioma. Case Report: A 24-year-old woman presented with painless proptosis in her left eye which started and progressed during her pregnancy about 10 months ago. Hertel exophthalomometry revealed anterior displacement of the globe with 4 mm of proptosis which was remarkable. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an intraconal circumscribed oval-shaped mass with hypointense signals on T1- weighted images and hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images, mimicking cavernous hemangioma. This mass, however, was free of any connections to optic nerve or bones. Due to the imaging characteristics, more prevalent diagnoses like cavernous hemangioma were placed on the top of the differential diagnoses list. However, during the surgical excision, the tumor’s consistency and gross features were not compatible with cavernous hemangioma. The pathologic findings instead determined meningotheliomatous meningioma, a very rare condition, which was far from our expectations prior to the surgery. Conclusion: Ectopic orbital meningiomas are rare tumors that are not easily diagnosed without postoperative histopathology. Despite its low prevalence, they should be considered in the differential diagnosis list of intraconal masses with hypointense signals on T1-weighted images and hyperintense signals on T2- weighted images