Validation of a complex needs indicator for veterans in the UK using a composite indicators’ method

Objective: To construct an indicator for assessing the complexity of UK veterans’ needs. Study design: Cross-sectional, secondary analysis. Methods: The study applied principal component (PCA) analysis as the method to determine the weights of different needs based on their interactions with each other, the effectiveness of the model was evaluated using bootstrapping. The dataset on UK veterans’ support provided by the “Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen and Families Associations” (SSAFA) (N = 35,208) was considered. The grant applications for different categories of support were used as indicators of different needs. The dimensions of breadth (number of different needs) and depth (number of grant applications to address the need) were incorporated in the assessment of complexity. Results: The complex needs indicator for the current sample was validated. The majority of cases had a complexity score of 1 or less. Conclusions: The research suggested and tested an assessment method for the complexity of veterans’ needs, that may be positively associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes. This indicator can be used by decision-makers for risk stratification of the veteran population, thus supporting the allocation of resources in a more effective way

Аксиология маргинальности и маргинальные дискурсы русской литературы начала XXI века

En el artículo se analizan los rasgos socioculturales y cognitivos de la literatura rusa moderna marginal; se presta especial atencion a la modelación cognitiva y lingüísticocultural del texto literario, que contiene los rasgos marginales diferentes; se proponen métodos argumentados para la clasificacion de los textos de la literatura marginal. Se interpreta el fenómeno de la marginalidad cultural y se descubren las raíces antropológicas de este fenómeno.В статье рассматриваются социокультурные и когнитивные черты современной русской маргинальной литературы. Особое внимание уделяется когнтивному и лингвокультурол огическому моделированию литературного текста, в различной степени несущего в себе маргинальные черты. Предлагаются обоснованные подходы к описанию и классификации текстов маргинальной литературы

The Concept and Measurement of Violence and Abuse in Health and Justice Fields: Toward a Framework Aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals

Violence reduction is a United Nations (UN) sustainable development goal (SDG) and is key to both public health and criminology. The collaboration between these fields has the potential to create and improve prevention strategies but has been hampered by the usage of different definitions and measurements. This paper explores the definitions and measurements of violence by the World Health Organization, UN, and Council of Europe to arrive at a harmonized framework aligned with the SDGs. Violence and abuse are defined by these organizations as intentional actions that (are likely to) lead to harm, irrespective of physicality or legality. When recording violence and abuse, health- and justice-based administrative systems use different codes which cannot directly be translated without resorting to broad overarching categories. Additionally, the identification of the number of victims, perpetrators, and events is challenging in these systems due to repeat victimization/offending, multiple victims/perpetrators, and multiple engagements with services associated with a single event. Furthermore, additional information on the victims (e.g., ethnicity) and events needs to be registered to evaluate progress toward the SDGs. We propose a framework to record violence that includes individual and event identifiers, forms of violence and abuse (including physical, sexual, and psychological), harm, and individual and event characteristics

Государственная власть как правовая категория: понятие, сущность и признаки

This article analyzes the fundamental issues of the evolution of approaches to the legal category of state power. The authors consider the phenomenon of power as one of the most important types of social interaction. The authors show that during this evolution, along with the preservation of universal (essential) characteristics due to the nature and social purpose of the state, there is a modification of those properties and characteristics of state power that have a specific historical character and depend on many factors affecting ways of implementing state power. The article reveals the main types of state power and methods of its implementation. According to the authors, the power is not the result of only violence, the suppression of one person by another, but comes from the very nature of man. The authors reveal the category of “state power” by examining its content, characteristics, elements, subjects, and objects. They examine the ways of expressing political power as a type of domination of the corresponding social group depending on a particular historical type of society.Este artículo analiza los problemas fundamentales de la evolución de los enfoques a la categoría legal del poder estatal. Los autores consideran el fenómeno del poder como uno de los tipos más importantes de interacción social. Los autores muestran que, durante esta evolución, junto con la preservación de las características universales (esenciales) debido a la naturaleza y el propósito social del estado, hay una modificación de aquellas propiedades y características del poder estatal que tienen un carácter histórico específico y dependen de Muchos factores afectan las formas de implementar el poder del Estado. El artículo revela los principales tipos de poder estatal y los métodos para su implementación. Según los autores, el poder no es el resultado de solo violencia, la supresión de una persona por otra, sino que proviene de la naturaleza misma del hombre. Los autores revelan la categoría de "poder estatal" al examinar su contenido, características, elementos, sujetos y objetos. Examinan las formas de expresar el poder político como un tipo de dominación del grupo social correspondiente dependiendo de un tipo histórico particular de sociedad.В данной статье анализируются основные вопросы эволюции подходов к правовой категории государственной власти. Авторы рассматривают феномен власти как один из важнейших видов социального взаимодействия. Авторы показывают, что в ходе этой эволюции наряду с сохранением универсальных (существенных) характеристик, обусловленных природой и социальным предназначением государства, происходит модификация тех свойств и характеристик государственной власти, которые имеют специфический исторический характер и зависят от множество факторов, влияющих на способы осуществления государственной власти. В статье раскрыты основные виды государственной власти и методы ее реализации. По мнению авторов, власть не является результатом только насилия, подавления одного человека другим, а исходит из самой природы человека. Авторы раскрывают категорию «государственная власть», изучая ее содержание, характеристики, элементы, предметы и объекты. Они исследуют способы выражения политической власти как тип доминирования соответствующей социальной группы в зависимости от определенного исторического типа общества

Using Primary Care and Emergency Department Datasets for Researching Violence Victimisation in the UK: A Methodological Review of Four Sources

Violence is recognised as a cause of health harm, but it is not consistently or adequately captured in healthcare data systems. While administrative health records could be valuable sources of information for measuring violence, they remain underutilised in violence-related research. The present research aims to examine the suitability of violence indicators in emergency care, primary care, and linked healthcare datasets. Descriptive analyses were conducted with the 2015/16 Hospital Episode Statistics Accident and Emergency (HES A&E) and the 2021/22 Emergency Care Data Set (ECDS). The potential of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and the South Wales Violence Surveillance dataset (a police and emergency department (ED) dataset linked by Public Health Wales) were shown using available evidence. Among the discussed datasets, the South Wales Violence Surveillance dataset has the most detail about violent acts and their contexts, while the CPRD includes a more extensive range of socioeconomic factors about patients and extensive linkage with other datasets. Currently, detailed safeguarding information is routinely removed from the ECDS extracts provided to researchers, limiting its utility for violence research. In the HES A&E, only physical violence was consistently recorded. Addressing these issues has the potential to improve the use of health administrative data in research on violence

Experimental Modeling of General Purulent Peritonitis

General purulent peritonitis takes one of the first places in the structure of purulent complications. Despite the im provement of methods of diagnosis and treatment, mortality in postoperative purulent peritonitis remains quite high.Aim of the study: develop a reproducible model of postoperative general peritonitis to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of its development and the development of pathogenetically substantiated therapy.Materials and methods. The study was performed on 18 Wistar male rats aged 6 months, weighing 250–300 grams. Animals underwent laparotomy and modeling of postoperative general peritonitis according to the proposed method. Hospital strains of Escherichia coli BRLS 109 and Bacteroides fragilis 109 (strain ISCST1982, registered in Genbank), which we isolated from patients with acute appendicitis, with a total volume of 1.0 ml per animal, were used as infectious agents. Animals were taken out of the experiment under anesthesia with compliance with the rules of euthanasia at 1st, 3rd, 7th days after surgery. For morphological studies, samples of a fragment of the abdominal wall and cecum were taken. Bacteriological studies were performed on the 3rd, 7th day from the beginning of the experiment.Results. It was established that all animals developed peritonitis with the progression of purulent-destructive changes in the abdominal cavity and the development of adhesions, which was confirmed by the data of the morphological method of research. According to the results of bacteriological studies on the 3rd day, exudate infection was detected in all rats (in 100 % of observations). E. coli BLS were isolated in all cases at concentrations of 103–104 CFU/ml. The strain B. fragilis is inoculated in 3 animals at a concentration of 103 CFU/ml, which made 50 %. By the 7th day, only an aerobic E. coli strain of BLS was detected in peritoneal exudate at concentrations of 103 CFU/ml in the complete absence of growth of B. fragilis.Conclusion. We have developed a model of postoperative general peritonitis, which allows us to study the dynamics of the development of the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity and, in terms of its clinical manifestations, is close to a real human disease. The reproducibility of the model is 100 %, which is confirmed by microbiological and morphological data

Минералогические и биологические свидетели Редикарского захоронения X–XI вв.

The study of products of copper alloys of the Lomatov culture of the X-XI centuries from the collection of the Cherdyn Museum revealed two types of patina. The first pseudomorphic might be composed of intergrowths of chlorides formed upon interaction with the sweat of the hands, or a zonal rim of cuprite-malachite-azurite composition, due to interaction with groundwater. The second type, which distorts the shape of the original product, is associated with the leaching of copper and other metals and the crystallization of oxides and salts on the surface in the form of worm-like, kidney-shaped and drusoid aggregates. Fragments of mineralized biological objects (wings, eggs and larvae of flies, mole hair) found on the surface of the patina testify to the rapid oxidation of bronze, which is associated with flooding of the soil of the burial ground immediately after burial.Археоминералогическое изучение изделий из медных сплавов ломоватовской культуры X–XI вв. из коллекции Чердынского краеведческого музея позволило выявить два типа патины. Первая – псевдоморфная – может быть сложена вростками хлоридов, формирующихся при взаимодействии с потом рук, или зональной оторочкой куприт-малахит-азуритового состава, обусловленной взаимодействием с грунтовыми водами. Второй тип, искажающий форму исходного изделия, связывается с выщелачиванием меди и других металлов и кристаллизацией оксидов и солей на поверхности в виде червеобразных, почковидных и друзовидных агрегатов. Выявленные на поверхности патины фрагменты минерализованных биологических объектов (крылья, яйца и личинки мух, волосы крота) свидетельствуют о быстрой скорости окисления бронзы, что связывается с обводнением грунта могильника сразу после захоронени

A protocol for developing a complex needs indicator for veterans (CNIV) in the UK

Introduction: The veteran population in the UK has been decreasing, however, there remains a proportion of veterans and their families who continue to experience multiple and complex health, financial, and social needs. The complex problems tend to exacerbate each other and deepen over time if appropriate support is not provided. Identifying the veterans with complex needs is crucial for effective support by military charities and health and social care services. The present research aims to develop a complex needs indicator for the veteran population (CNIV) that will quantify complexity and help to identify the risk of having or developing complex needs. Methods: The development of the CNIV will be informed by the guidance for constructing composite indicators. The data on grant support received by veterans’ beneficiaries from the UK Royal Marine and SSFA charities will be used for designing the indicator and evaluating its robustness. The crucial step in constructing the indicator is assigning weights to different needs and risk factors associated with complex cases. Factor analysis (FA) and analytical network process (ANP) will be used as weighting methods for the analysed variables. Conclusion: The development of CNIV has important implications for research and practice, such as the potential to be used as a screening tool for identifying complex cases, improved provision of the targeted support to veterans, assessing the scope of complex problems among veterans within the country and informing policy makers and a more general audience of the complexity of need within the sector

Возможности диагностики редких видов соколов рода Falco по микроструктуре первостепенных маховых перьев

The paper reports on the original findings of scanning electron microscope comparison of the fine structure of primary remiges inFalco rusticolus, F. cherrug, F. peregrinus, and F. rusticolus х F. cherrug. The study identified a number of species-specific microstructural characteristics that show a high diagnostic potential for taxonomic identifications in forensic biology.Представлены результаты сравнительного электронно-микроскопического исследования строения первостепенных маховых перьев кречета (Falco rusticolus), балобана (F. cherrug), сапсана (F. peregrinus) и гибридной особи (F. rusticolus х F. cherrug). Выявлен ряд видоспецифических микроструктурных характеристик, что существенно расширяет потенциальные возможности пера для целей судебно-биологической экспертизы

The role of the social environment in inclusive sports participation—Identifying similarities and challenges in athletes with and without Intellectual Disabilities through coaches’ eyes: A qualitative inquiry

Despite the efforts of mainstreaming in sports, inclusive participation of people with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in sports remains challenging. In sports settings, the social environment may influence the motivation of athletes and promote (or restrict) inclusive sports participation of athletes with ID. Thus, this study aims to explore the motivations of athletes and coaches and to investigate the role of the social environment in sports participation of athletes with and without ID. Coaches who coach athletes with ID (n = 11), athletes without ID (n = 13) and both groups (n = 2) were involved in semi-structured interviews. From the inductive thematic analysis three themes were identified for the sports motivations of athletes with ID (Sport-related Progression, Social Interaction, Positive Emotions), two for their coaches’ motivations (Help others, Personal and Professional Development) and four for coaching practices toward athletes with ID (Psychological and Life skills development, Building Meaningful Relationships, Behaviour adaptations and Participation-focused). Moreover, ‘Teammates and Opponents’ and ‘Family’ were classified as social agents that influence the sport participation of athletes with ID. Coaches of athletes without ID reported additional themes about their athletes’ motivations (Health-related Reasons), their coaching motivations (Career aspirations) and their coaching practices towards athletes without ID (Performance-focused). The motivations of athletes and the practices of coaches could promote sports participation of athletes with ID, but more work is needed to address athletes’ sports motivations and overcome the able-ist attitudes and the social oppression that may make their inclusion in sports more challenging. These sports participation barriers and facilitators could provide direction to stakeholders for developing inclusive sports pathways to people with ID