Determinação da capacidade pulmonar total: pletismografia versus método de diluição do hélio em respiração única após teste broncodilatador

OBJECTIVE: Total lung capacity (TLC) can be measured using body plethysmography,single-breath helium or RX planimetry. Body plethysmography is the goldstandard test,allowing comparison with other methods. The single breath helium method (SBHe),when used in association with CO2diffusing capacity, can estimate lung volumes inpatients with airway flow obstruction. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if TLCmeasured with SBHe after treatment with bronchodilator is similar to that obtained frombody plethysmography.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample included 155 adult patients submitted topulmonary function testing including lung volumes at the Pulmonary Physiology Unit,Pulmonary Department at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The patients were placedin two groups: one group underwent SBHe with bronchodilator, and the other group wassubmitted to SBHe without bronchodilator. Afterwards, each group was subdivided intotwo subgroups: normal patients and patients with airway obstruction.RESULTS: The TLC results obtained with the body plethysmography technique weregreater than the alternative methods for all groups. In the group without bronchodilatortreatment, there was a median difference of 934 ml (CI 95% = 657 ml – 1210 ml;P<0.001) for normal patients, and a median difference of 1679 ml (95% Cl = 1289ml –2069 ml; P<0.001) for patients with airway obstruction. While bronchodilator treatmentwas used, the median difference for normal patients with airway obstruction was 1751ml (95% Cl 1516 – 1985 ml; P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that treatment with bronchodilator did not makeTLC measurements similar when SBHe was compared to body plethysmography, neitherfor normal patients nor for patients with airway obstruction; this leads to the conclusionthat SBHe is not a reliable test for TLC measurements.OBJETIVO: A capacidade pulmonar total (CPT) pode ser medida através dapletismografia, de testes de diluição de gases e por planimetria radiográfica. Apletismografia constitui-se no padrão aúreo, base de comparação para os outrostestes. O teste de respiração única com hélio (TDHe), realizado em conjunto com adeterminação da capacidade de difusão com monóxido de carbono, subdimensionao volume pulmonar em pacientes com obstrução ao fluxo aéreo. O objetivo dopresente trabalho foi o de avaliar se o TDHe após broncodilatador aproximaria ovalor da CPT obtido pelo TDHe com o da pletismografia, otimizando o teste erotinizando-o após broncodilatador.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 155 pacientes adultos, que realizaramtestes com determinação de volumes na Unidade de Fisiologia Pulmonar do Serviçode Pneumologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Dividiu-se os pacientes emdois grupos: os que foram submetidos ao TDHe sem broncodilatador e os que fizeramTDHe com broncodilatador. Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos: normaise obstrutivos.RESULTADOS: Os valores da CPT obtidos com pletismografia foram superiores emtodos os grupos. No grupo sem broncodilatador, os valores de CPT tiveram umadiferença média de 934 ml (IC 95% de 657 a 1210; P<0,001) nos normais e de 1679 ml(IC 95% de 1289 a 2069; P<0,001) nos obstrutivos. Com o broncodilatador, a diferençamédia dos pacientes normais foi de 1111 ml (IC 95% de 706 a 1515; P<0,001) e nosobstrutivos a diferença foi de 1751 ml (IC 95% de 1516 a 1985; P<0,001).CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do broncodilatador nãoaproximou os valores da CPT do TDHe aos da pletismografia, tanto em indivíduosnormais como naqueles com doença obstrutiva das vias aéreas. O TDHE não seconstitui em teste fidedigno para determinação de volumes pulmonares absolutos

An Evaluation Of Rans Turbulence Models For Structured Foam Reactor Simulation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (cfd)

[No abstract available]570580Dixon, A.G., Nijerneislandb, M., Stittb, E.H., Systematic mesh development for 3d cFd simulation of fixed beds: Contract points study (2013) Computers & Chemical Engineering, 48, pp. 135-153Dietrich, B., Schabel, W., Kind, M., Martin, H., Pressure drop measurement of ceramik sponges-deterumining the hydraulic diameter (2009) Chemical Engineering Science, 64 (16), pp. 3633-3640Dietrich, B., Pressure drop correlation for ceramic and metal sponges (2012) Chemical Engineering Science, 74, pp. 102-100Edouard, D., Lacroixa, M., Huua, C.P., Luckb, F., Pressure drop modeling on solid foam: State-of-the art correlation (2008) Chemical Engineering Journal, 144 (2), pp. 299-311Ozahi, E., Gundogdu, M.H., Carpinlioglu, M.O., A modification on ergun's correlation for use in cylindrical packed beds with non-spherical particles (2008) Advanced Powder Technology, 19 (4), pp. 369-381Boomsma, K., Poulikakos, D., Ventikos, Y., Simulations of flow through open cell metal foams using an idealized periodic cell structure (2003) International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 24 (6), pp. 825-834Khosravi Nikou, M.R., Ehsani, M.R., Turbulence models application on cfd simulation of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer in a structured packing (2008) International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 35 (9), pp. 1211-1219Horneber, T., Rauh, C., Delgado, A., Fluid dynamic characterisation of porous solids in catalytic fixed-bed reactors (2012) Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 154, pp. 170-174Said, W., Nemer, M., Clodic, D., Modeling of dry pressure drop for fully developed gas flow in structured packing using cfd simulations (2011) Chemical Engineering Science, 66 (10), pp. 2107-211

Determinação da capacidade pulmonar total: pletismografia versus método de diluição do hélio em respiração única após teste broncodilatador

OBJECTIVE: Total lung capacity (TLC) can be measured using body plethysmography,single-breath helium or RX planimetry. Body plethysmography is the goldstandard test,allowing comparison with other methods. The single breath helium method (SBHe),when used in association with CO2diffusing capacity, can estimate lung volumes inpatients with airway flow obstruction. The aim of the present study is to evaluate if TLCmeasured with SBHe after treatment with bronchodilator is similar to that obtained frombody plethysmography.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample included 155 adult patients submitted topulmonary function testing including lung volumes at the Pulmonary Physiology Unit,Pulmonary Department at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. The patients were placedin two groups: one group underwent SBHe with bronchodilator, and the other group wassubmitted to SBHe without bronchodilator. Afterwards, each group was subdivided intotwo subgroups: normal patients and patients with airway obstruction.RESULTS: The TLC results obtained with the body plethysmography technique weregreater than the alternative methods for all groups. In the group without bronchodilatortreatment, there was a median difference of 934 ml (CI 95% = 657 ml – 1210 ml;P<0.001) for normal patients, and a median difference of 1679 ml (95% Cl = 1289ml –2069 ml; P<0.001) for patients with airway obstruction. While bronchodilator treatmentwas used, the median difference for normal patients with airway obstruction was 1751ml (95% Cl 1516 – 1985 ml; P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that treatment with bronchodilator did not makeTLC measurements similar when SBHe was compared to body plethysmography, neitherfor normal patients nor for patients with airway obstruction; this leads to the conclusionthat SBHe is not a reliable test for TLC measurements.OBJETIVO: A capacidade pulmonar total (CPT) pode ser medida através dapletismografia, de testes de diluição de gases e por planimetria radiográfica. Apletismografia constitui-se no padrão aúreo, base de comparação para os outrostestes. O teste de respiração única com hélio (TDHe), realizado em conjunto com adeterminação da capacidade de difusão com monóxido de carbono, subdimensionao volume pulmonar em pacientes com obstrução ao fluxo aéreo. O objetivo dopresente trabalho foi o de avaliar se o TDHe após broncodilatador aproximaria ovalor da CPT obtido pelo TDHe com o da pletismografia, otimizando o teste erotinizando-o após broncodilatador.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 155 pacientes adultos, que realizaramtestes com determinação de volumes na Unidade de Fisiologia Pulmonar do Serviçode Pneumologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Dividiu-se os pacientes emdois grupos: os que foram submetidos ao TDHe sem broncodilatador e os que fizeramTDHe com broncodilatador. Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos: normaise obstrutivos.RESULTADOS: Os valores da CPT obtidos com pletismografia foram superiores emtodos os grupos. No grupo sem broncodilatador, os valores de CPT tiveram umadiferença média de 934 ml (IC 95% de 657 a 1210; P<0,001) nos normais e de 1679 ml(IC 95% de 1289 a 2069; P<0,001) nos obstrutivos. Com o broncodilatador, a diferençamédia dos pacientes normais foi de 1111 ml (IC 95% de 706 a 1515; P<0,001) e nosobstrutivos a diferença foi de 1751 ml (IC 95% de 1516 a 1985; P<0,001).CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstraram que o uso do broncodilatador nãoaproximou os valores da CPT do TDHe aos da pletismografia, tanto em indivíduosnormais como naqueles com doença obstrutiva das vias aéreas. O TDHE não seconstitui em teste fidedigno para determinação de volumes pulmonares absolutos

Biologia reprodutiva de Oligosarcus jenynsii (Günther) (Characiformes, Characidae) da Lagoa das Custódias, Tramandaí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Reproductive biology of Oligosarcus jenynsii (Güntiier) (Characiformes, Characidae) from Custódias Lagoon, Tramandaí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

<abstract language="eng">The Custódias lagoon has a great importance in the Tramandaí system, because it works as reproduction area, feeding and nursery grounds to several fish species. The aim of this work is the study of aspects related to the reproduction of Oligosarcus jenynsii (Günther, 1864) as such as reproductive period, sexual ratio, fecundity and size of the first gonadal maturation. The specimens were sampled monthly from October/1994 to October/1995. For each sex, maturation curves were established, based on the monthly variation of the gonadossomatic index mean values, as well as, the relative frequencies of the sexual maturity stages. Breeding seasons took place during the winter and spring. The sex ratio was significanthly different from 1:1, with more females than male in almost all month. The species had a average fecundity of 9.694 ovocytes. The estimated size of first sexual maturation was 114 mm for male and 131 mm for females

Nup98 Localizes to Both Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Sides of the Nuclear Pore and Binds to Two Distinct Nucleoporin Subcomplexes

The vertebrate nuclear pore is an enormous structure that spans the double membrane of the nuclear envelope. In yeast, most nucleoporins are found symmetrically on both the nuclear and cytoplasmic sides of the structure. However, in vertebrates most nucleoporins have been localized exclusively to one side of the nuclear pore. Herein, we show, by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, that Nup98 is found on both sides of the pore complex. Additionally, we find that the pore-targeting domain of Nup98 interacts directly with the cytoplasmic nucleoporin Nup88, a component of the Nup214, Nup88, Nup62 subcomplex. Nup98 was previously described to interact with the nuclear-oriented Nup160, 133, 107, 96 complex through direct binding to Nup96. Interestingly, the same site within Nup98 is involved in binding to both Nup88 and Nup96. Autoproteolytic cleavage of the Nup98 C terminus is required for both of these binding interactions. When cleavage is blocked by a point mutation, a minimal eight amino acids downstream of the cleavage site is sufficient to prevent most binding to either Nup96 or Nup88. Thus, Nup98 interacts with both faces of the nuclear pore, a localization in keeping with its previously described nucleocytoplasmic shuttling activity

Tratamento homeopático da hepatotoxicose aguda induzida por tetracloreto de carbono em coelhos Homeopatic treatment of acute carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits

Quinze (15) coelhos (Oryctolagus cuniculus) foram submetidos à intoxicação pelo tetracloreto de carbono na dosagem de 0,5 ml/kg de peso corporal, dose única, administrado por sonda gástrica. Foram realizadas as dosagens de alanina amino transferase (ALT), aspartato amino transferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FA) e gama glutamil transferase (GGT) antes e durante o experimento. Vinte e quatro (24) horas após a intoxicação, os coelhos foram divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos de 5 animais. Cada grupo recebeu um tratamento diferente durante 13 dias. O grupo I foi tratado com tetracloreto de carbono diluído na 30&ordf; centesimal hahnemanniana (30 CH), uma vez ao dia. O grupo II recebeu Phosphorus 30 CH, também uma vez ao dia. O grupo III desempenhou o papel de controle, recebendo diariamente uma dose de placebo, pelo mesmo período de tempo que os grupos anteriores. Os resultados das concentrações séricas de ALT, AST, GGT e FA foram submetidos à análise estatística. A variação da concentração de todas as enzimas foi significativa entre os dias, mas nem todas variaram significativamente entre os grupos considerados. O tetracloreto de carbono 30 CH foi capaz de acelerar a recuperação do quadro de hepatite tóxica aguda determinada pela redução dos níveis de ALT. O tratamento com Phosphorus 30 CH mostrou-se incapaz seja de reverter o quadro de hepatite tóxica, seja de acelerar a regeneração hepática.<br>Fithteen (15) New Zeland and Californian rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were submitted to intoxication with carbon tethracloride in a dose 0/0.5 ml/kg, once a day, administred by orogastric sonde. Enzimatic parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase of those rabbits were tested before and during the experiment. After the intoxication, the rabbits were divided in three groups of five animals. Each group received differents treatments during 13 days. The animals in group I were treated with carbon tetrachloride 30 CH, once a day. The animals in group II were treated with Phosphorus 30 CH also once a day. The rabbits in group III served as a control receiving the same quantity of placebo with the same protocol of lhe others. The blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture every 4 days. The seric concentrations of ALT, AST, GGT and FA were submited to estatistic avaliation. The variation of all enzimes tested was significant between the days, but not always between the groups. This study demonstrated thaf carbon tetrachloride 30 CH was efficient in acelerating the recuperation of normal levels of ALT, but the terapy with Phosphorus 30 CH was insufficient for reverting the hepatic intoxication