Pequeño comercio y vitalidad urbana en Zaragoza. La ciudad contra la anti-ciudad

Saragossa és una ciutat densa i compacta. Els fluxos de vianants són molt intensos. El sistema d'autobusos és eficient i econòmic. El petit comerciant és la peça clau per entendre la dinàmica de la ciutat: fan el carrer segur, la ciutat més humana, el passeig més bonic i ecològic ja que els saragossans/nes no han d'utilitzar el cotxe. Tot això contrasta amb l'anticiutat dispersa, on dominen les grans superfícies comercials que fomenten el transport en automòbil i converteixen el carrer en un lloc sense vida, insegur i hostil. Però en el futur, Saragossa ha d'enfrontar-se al dilema

Programa psicoeducativo para familiares de pacientes con trastorno bipolar

El Trastorno Bipolar es una enfermedad crónica, deteriorante y estigmatizante, en la cual pueden presentarse episodios maníacos, hipomaníacos, depresivos y mixtos. Afecta gravemente a los enfermos y a sus familiares. La atención a la familia cada vez se tiene más en cuenta debido a sus beneficios en el tratamiento a largo plazo y en la reinserción del paciente en la sociedad. Objetivos: Realizar una revisión sobre la atención por parte de los profesionales de enfermería a los familiares de pacientes con Trastorno Bipolar y diseñar un programa de educación para la salud dirigido a estas familias. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el Trastorno Bipolar y cómo influye la enfermedad en las relaciones familiares de estos pacientes. A continuación se diseñó un programa de educación para la salud enfocado a familiares de pacientes con Trastorno Bipolar. Conclusiones: Actualmente, no existen planes de actuación que posibiliten a los profesionales de enfermería desarrollar competencias de psicoeducación, formación y apoyo. Se debería incentivar el trabajo con las familias desde las Unidades de Corta Estancia debido a los beneficios que reporta

Le rôle du merveilleux dans les lais de Marie de France.

Marie de France a écrit à la fin du XIIème siècle douze lais en octosyllabes où elle mettait l’accent sur les effets de l’amour courtois et où le monde merveilleux, qui est notre objet d'étude, perce avec clarté. La lecture de ces lais révèle une interaction directe des éléments merveilleux avec l'amour. Le merveilleux peut favoriser l'amour, mais il peut aussi le détruire. Pour cette raison, ce travail est divisé en deux parties, selon l'interaction de ces éléments. Nous verrons comment à travers son utilisation, l'auteure a cherché quelque chose au-delà de l'introduction de faits fantastiques : nous essaierons d'établir les limites de l'usage du merveilleux, comment ils apparaissent, comment ils interagissent avec l’entourage, quel est sa fonction et nous justifierons son utilisation à travers certains extraits qui accompagneront notre explication pour tirer des conclusions qui nous montreront l’importance du merveilleux pour introduire certains thèmes qui à l’époque étaient mal vus. <br /

Ubiquitin-negative mini-pick like bodies in the dentate gyrus of p30l tauopathy.

Neuropathological and biochemical findings are reported in a patient who had suffered from frontotemporal dementia associated with a P310L mutation in the tau gene and included in the H1 haplotype. Tau accumulation, as revealed with phospho-specific anti-tau antibodies Thr181, Ser199, Ser202, Ser214, Ser262, Ser396, Ser422 and AT8 (Ser202 and Thr205), was found in neurons with pre-tangles, and astrocytes and oligodendrocytes through the brain. The most characteristic feature was tau immunoreactivity decorating the perinuclear region and small cytoplasmic aggregates designed as mini-Pick-like bodies, mainly in the dentate gyrus. Inclusions were not stained with anti-ubiquitin antibodies and did not recruit tubulins. Tau accumulation in individual cells was associated with increased expression of kinases linked with tau phosphorylation, mainly active (phosphorylated) stress kinases SAPK/JNK and p38 (SAPK/JNK-P and p38-P). Phosphorylated GSK-3 beta at Ser9 (GSK-3 beta-P), that inactivates the kinase, was particularly abundant in mini-Pick-like bodies, thus suggesting alternative roles of GSK-3 probably involved in cell survival. Western blots of sarkosyl-insoluble fractions revealed a double band pattern of phospho-tau of 68/66 kDa and 64 kDa in the hippocampus and white matter in the P310L mutation. Sarkosyl-insoluble fractions of the hippocampus were enriched in p38-P and GSK-3 beta-P in Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases, processed in parallel for comparative purposes, but not in the P310L mutation. In addition, no bands of high molecular weight were found in P310L in contrast with AD in these fractions. These findings indicate that the major sites of tau phosphorylation, and the expression of kinases involved in tau phosphorylation are active in P310L mutation as in AD and other tauopathies. Yet the P310L mutation has particular phospho-tau inclusions that are not tag with ubiquitin and appear to be rather soluble when compared with AD

Millennial land use explains modern high‐elevation vegetation in the submediterranean mountains of Southern Europe

Aim Pinewood decline and scrubland expansion are major features of Late Holocene vegetation history in the Cantabrian Range. However, the drivers of this remarkable vegetation shift remain to be investigated. Here, we aim at disentangling the role of past land use and climate in shaping the high-elevation Cantabrian landscape during the past two millennia. Location Cantabrian Range (northern Iberia). Taxa Pinus sylvestris, Betula, Ericaceae, Juniperus, Poaceae. Methods We conducted high-resolution multiproxy palaeoecological analyses (pollen, plant macrofossils, microscopic charcoal and dung fungi) on lake sediments from Lago del Ausente to reconstruct vegetation, fire occurrence and grazing through time. The chronology is based on 14C (terrestrial plant macrofossils) and 210Pb dating, and Bayesian age-depth modelling (‘rbacon’). We carried out cross-correlation analysis to quantify vegetation responses to fire. Results Between 250 and 900 CE, the vegetation above 1700 m a.s.l. consisted of subalpine scrubland and scattered P. sylvestris trees/stands. Pinewoods with Betula were widespread at slightly lower elevation. This vegetation was resilient to moderate fire disturbance associated with limited pastoral activities. In contrast, enhanced fire occurrence alongside heavier pastoralism led to the demise of pinewoods and their replacement with Betula stands, subalpine scrublands, and meadows between 900 and 1100 CE. Later, the subalpine scrubland-birch tree line did not respond to Little Ice Age cooling. However, further intensification of transhumant herding between 1300 and 1860 CE (‘La Mesta’) triggered birch decline and the establishment of the modern treeless landscape. Main conclusions The extant high-elevation vegetation of the Cantabrian Range is largely the legacy of intensive land use starting more than one millennium ago. Recurrent and severe fires to promote pasturelands led to the regional extirpation of the previously widespread Pinus sylvestris. Future management should aim at preserving the valuable cultural open landscape of mountain scrubland and meadows and also at restoring patches of ancient pine-birch woodlands

Abrupt Diatom Responses to Recent Climate and Land Use Changes in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)

[Abstract] The multi-proxy study of sediment cores from Lake Isoba (43° 02′ N, 5° 18′ W; 1400 m a.s.l.) allows a detailed assessment of the past hydrological and environmental dynamics in north-western Iberia resulting from the interplay between climate variability and anthropogenic impact. The combination of diatom stratigraphy, sedimentology and high-resolution elemental geochemistry along with a robust chronological framework (established by 210Pb, 137Cs and 14C dating) provides a detailed environmental reconstruction for the past ~ 500 years. Abrupt changes in the fossil diatom assemblages indicate a high sensitivity of this small lake to past environmental change and allow identifying four major stages related to the main climate fluctuations of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and recent warming. High lake levels, enhanced runoff and higher productivity characterised the middle phase of the LIA (~ 1550 to 1630 CE), indicating an overall wet climate. Conversely, shallow lake levels, decreased runoff and relatively low productivity prevailed during the last phase of the LIA and the onset of the Industrial Era (~ 1630 to 1925 CE), likely due to colder and drier conditions. High lake levels and higher carbonate input occurred after ~ 1925 CE until the 1980s CE, when our data show an abrupt drop in lake levels probably caused by a regional negative rainfall anomaly related to climate warming during the past decades. Finally, since ~ 1997 CE a remarkable and abrupt increase in the lake nutrient load and turbidity is detected, probably associated with the replacement of transhumant sheep flocks with staying cattle. The main environmental changes reconstructed at Lake Isoba mostly agree with other palaeoclimatic records from northern Spain. However, the hydrological patterns reconstructed are opposed to those observed on the northern slopes of the Cantabrian Mountains. The recent and strong impact of land-use changes on the lake, causing more ecological disruptions than previous climate changes, is noteworthy and demonstrates the high sensitivity of mountain lakes to human activities in a global change context.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Open Access funding provided by University of the Basque Country. This study was financially supported by the GECANT project (CGL2017-82703-R) (AEI/FEDER, UE

Transcriptomic differences in MSA clinical variants

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare oligodendroglial synucleinopathy of unknown etiopathogenesis including two major clinical variants with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) or cerebellar dysfunction (MSA-C). Objective: To identify novel disease mechanisms we performed a blood transcriptomic study investigating differential gene expression changes and biological process alterations in MSA and its clinical subtypes. Methods: We compared the transcriptome from rigorously gender and age-balanced groups of 10 probable MSA-P, 10 probable MSA-C cases, 10 controls from the Catalan MSA Registry (CMSAR), and 10 Parkinson Disease (PD) patients. Results: Gene set enrichment analyses showed prominent positive enrichment in processes related to immunity and inflammation in all groups, and a negative enrichment in cell differentiation and development of the nervous system in both MSA-P and PD, in contrast to protein translation and processing in MSA-C. Gene set enrichment analysis using expression patterns in different brain regions as a reference also showed distinct results between the different synucleinopathies. Conclusions: In line with the two major phenotypes described in the clinic, our data suggest that gene expression and biological processes might be differentially affected in MSA-P and MSA-C. Future studies using larger sample sizes are warranted to confirm these results