Morphology and Genetic Diversity of Jabon Putih Seedling from 4 Populations in Sumatra, Nusa Kambangan, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi

Jabon putih (Neolamarckia cadamba) is a widely distributed potential fast-growing species and is thought to be associated with extensive genetic diversity. The aim of the research was to assess the morphological and genetic variation of jabon putih seedling based on AFLP markers. Randomized block design with 4 replications was used to assess seedling morphological variation on 31 families from 4 populations (Kapuas, Kampar, Nusa Kambangan, Pomalaa) based on traits of seedling height, diameter, sturdiness quotient, number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width at nursery. AFLP Analysis System I Kit by using dry leaf samples from each family was used. Characteristics of jabon putih seedlings had variation among populations and families within population. Genetic variation within population based on morphological traits had the similar trend with result of AFLP analysis. The highest genetic variation was detected in Kapuas population, followed by Pomalaa, Nusa Kambangan, and Kampar populations. Cluster analysis and UPGMA method had 2 cluster and put down most of families from Kapuas in one cluster separated from other families. Based on the genetic similarity analysis, 26 families could be considered as potential families for the establishment of breeding populations. The study has important practical implications for genetic resources management and for future breeding programs of jabon putih

POTENTIAL OF FRUIT PRODUCTION TEMBESU (Fagraea fragrans Roxb.) OF OGAN ILIR (OI) AND OGAN KOMERING ILIR (OKI) THE SOUTH OF SUMATERA

Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans Roxb.) Is one tree that is very popular in Southern Sumatra region as raw material for carving and furniture industry. The need for wood reaches 3 120 m³ per year and has been supplied from plants that grow naturally or from community forest. The purpose of this study was to determine the production potential of fruit each branch so that it can predict preparations to facilitate the expansion of planting seedlings. Tembesu trees including types with wide adaptability to a place to grow as on dry land, waterlogged soil or land tides. This type includes the category of intermediate cycle (10-30) years. The average production of fruit each branch of Ogan Ilir 38 094.53 fruits, 1000 grain weight of 0.3066 gr and initial KA 7.2% textured clay dusty land. Production of Ogan Komering Ilir with sandy soil texture reach 88 862.27 fruits, 1000 grain weight of 0.2548 gr and initial seed KA 7.7%. The average production of fruit each branch is influenced by soil texture is sandy land (OKI, swamp / stagnant) production higher than that of land dusty clay (OI, dry / stagnant).Key words : tembesu, fruit production, wide adaptabilit

The Improving Vigor of White Jabon Seeds after Storage for 4.5 Years Using Gamma Ray Irradiation

Low dosage gamma ray iradiation has a potency to improve the seed germination by increasing of enzimatic activities, cell division, stimulating of responsive genes to auksin and improving of seed metabolism. The aim of the research was to identify seed storability of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) and to find out the effective gamma ray irradiation dosages to increase the seed vigor. Seeds were collected from 4 populations (Alas Puwo, Kampar, Batu Hijau, dan Pomalaa) and were stored for 4,5 years. Randomized completely design was used to analysis seed storability and the effect of irradiation dosages ((0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 Gy) on the parameters of seed germination and seedling growth. The result showed that seed storage for 4.5 years generally caused the decrease of seed viability and vigor, except for seeds from Batu Hijau.Seed moisture content decreased significantly to 4.08-4.87percent. Gamma ray irradiation provided different responses on the seed origin.Irradiation was only effetive to improve germination with an initial seed germination more than 40 percent. Overall, dose of 40 Gy was able to improve seed vigor and seedling growth so that it can be applied to increase vigor of white jabon seeds

Daya Simpan Benih Jabon Putih [Neolamarckia Cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser] Berdasarkan Populasi Dan Karakteristik Benih (Seed Storability of Jabon Putih [Neolamarckia Cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser] Base on Populations and Seed Characteristics)

Jabon putih [Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser] has been cultivated in large scale. However it is constrained by the availability of high quality seeds and seed storability information. This study aimed to identify seed storability of jabon putih based on populations and seed morpho-physiological characteristics. Seeds were collected from eight populations, located in eight provinces. Population was a single factor in a completely randomized design for testing the germination characteristics (germination capacity, germination uniformity, germination speed, mean germination time and germination value) before and after storage. Geo-climate and soil macro elements were used as parameters to examine the correlation between environmental factors and seed characteristics before and after storage. Population was significantly correlated with germination characteristics, before and after storage for 54 months. The results indicated that seeds from Pomalaa population had the best germination characteristics, while those from Ogan Kemiring Ilir had the worst germination characteristics. Based on moisture content and storability, jabon putih seed could be categorized as orthodox that can be stored in long time at low temperatures with low moisture content. Geo-climate and soil macro element were not significantly correlated with germination. This result indicated that genetic factor had high contribution to seed storability of jabon putih

Seed germination methods of benuang laki (Duabanga moluccana) seeds at the laboratory and greenhouse

Benuang laki (Duabanga moluccana) is a potential fast-growing tree species to be developed in plantation forests, community forests, and land rehabilitation. This species has a very fine seed size that requires special treatment in germination, both in testing activities in the laboratory and operational activities in the nursery. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum germination technique for benuang laki seeds in the laboratory and greenhouse. A completely randomized design arranged with a factorial pattern was used to determine the effect of the test method and lighting period in the laboratory, and the effect of sowing media and germination conditions in the greenhouse. To obtain a reliable and reproducible germination method, the tests were carried out involving 3 seed lots. The results showed that the top of paper test method with a lighting period of 24 hours resulted in the highest germination capacity and germination rate, i.e., Semboja (415 seedlings/0.05 g and 30.17 seedlings/day), Cianjur (253 seedlings/0.05 g and 19.47 seedlings/day), and Rarung (158 seedlings/0.05 g and 12.34 seedlings/day), respectively. The highest germination in the greenhouse was produced by the treatment of sand + topsoil (1:1, v/v) media covered with transparent plastic, with a germination capacity of 870 seedlings/0.1 g of seed and a germination rate of 28.13 seedlings/day

KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI SERTA PERKEMBANGAN FIG NYAWAI (Ficus variegata Blume) DI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS

Nyawai (Ficus variegata Blume) merupakan salah satu jenis pohon yang memiliki prospek yang baik untuk hutan tanaman. Informasi tentang aspek biologi reproduksinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi bunga dan buah nyawai, serta tahapan perkembangan fig. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Raya Cibodas, Jawa Barat. Kegiatan penelitian meliputi: 1) pengamatan morfologi bunga dan buah, dan 2) pengamatan perkembangan fig. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik morfologi fig nyawai yang dijumpai di Kebun Raya Cibodas, memiliki variasi yang tinggi dalam hal ukuran dan warna. Berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi bunga, secara individual ditemui dua tipe pohon yang mencirikan sebagai pohon menghasilkan bunga jantan dan penghasil bunga betina. Perbedaan antara tahap bunga, buah muda, dan buah matang tidak dapat dibakukan berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi eksternal dari fig. Tingkat kematangan buah nyawai dapat dilakukan dengan membelah fig. Nyawai tahap kuncup bunga berakhir sekitar 6-11 hari setelah munculya tunas fig, dan tahap bunga berakhir 11-26 hari. Perkembangan kuncup bunga menjadi buah yang matang memakan waktu sekitar 2-3 bulan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan untuk tidak mengumpulkan benih dari fig yang berukuran kecil, meskipun mereka memiliki karakteristik fisik fig yang matang

IDENTIFIKASI DAN TEKNIK PENGENDALIAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT BENIH PULAI (Alstonia scholaris)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengendalikan hama dan penyakit benih pulai yang terbawa dari lapangan. Identifikasi cendawan dilakukan dengan menginkubasi benih selama 7 hari, sedangkan untuk pengendalian terhadap hama dan penyakit benih diberi insektisida nabati dan kimia. Dari hasil identifikasi jenis cendawan pada benih pulai yaitu Aspergillus sp, Curvularia sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp. dan Rhizopus sp. Persentase infeksi cendawan tertinggi pada benih pulai asal Nagrak (Aspergillus sp. sebesar 92%, Curvularia sp. 29% dan Fusarium sp. 21%), sedangkan persentase infeksi cendawan terendah pada benih pulai asal Jambi (Aspergillus sp. 2% dan Fusarium sp. 1%). Perlakuan terbaik yang dapat mengendalikan hama pada benih pulai adalah perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak daun suren dalam wadah plastik tertutup dan disimpan di ruang suhu kamar 270C selama 2 bulan. Pengendalian penyakit, terbaik pada benih adalah memberi bubuk kunyit ke dalam wadah plastik tertutup dan disimpan di lemari es 160C. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan daya kecambah masing-masing 70%

Karakteristik Morfologi Serta Perkembangan Fig Nyawai (Ficus Variegata Blume) di Kebun Raya Cibodas

Nyawai (Ficus variegata Blume) merupakan salah satu jenis pohon yang memiliki prospek yang baik untuk hutan tanaman. Informasi tentang aspek biologi reproduksinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi bunga dan buah nyawai, serta tahapan perkembangan fig. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Raya Cibodas, Jawa Barat. Kegiatan penelitian meliputi: 1) pengamatan morfologi bunga dan buah, dan 2) pengamatan perkembangan fig. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik morfologi fig nyawai yang dijumpai di Kebun Raya Cibodas, memiliki variasi yang tinggi dalam hal ukuran dan warna. Berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi bunga, secara individual ditemui dua tipe pohon yang mencirikan sebagai pohon menghasilkan bunga jantan dan penghasil bunga betina. Perbedaan antara tahap bunga, buah muda, dan buah matang tidak dapat dibakukan berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi eksternal dari fig. Tingkat kematangan buah nyawai dapat dilakukan dengan membelah fig. Nyawai tahap kuncup bunga berakhir sekitar 6-11 hari setelah munculya tunas fig, dan tahap bunga berakhir 11-26 hari. Perkembangan kuncup bunga menjadi buah yang matang memakan waktu sekitar 2-3 bulan. Hasil penelitian menyarankan untuk tidak mengumpulkan benih dari fig yang berukuran kecil, meskipun mereka memiliki karakteristik fisik fig yang matang