Nuevas tecnologías en el sector público

El presente trabajo trata de la digitalización del sector público y los planes realizados para conseguirla. Cómo esta digitalización ha derivado en un cambio social y cuáles han sido sus principales beneficios obtenidos. También muestra la importancia de la confianza, la transparencia, la seguridad digital y la privacidad para poder potenciar estas nuevas tecnologías ya que es lo que más preocupa a los ciudadanos en su uso, y cómo influyen ciertas características personales de los ciudadanos en su tratamiento. De este modo se observa que factores de los ciudadanos hay que mejorar para lograr esta digitalización y por tanto cuales son los futuros retos a los que se enfrentan las nuevas tecnologías.<br /

Stopping power of fluorides and semiconductor organic films for low-velocity protons

A combined experimental and theoretical study of the energy loss of protons in fluorides and organic films is presented. The measurements were performed in fresh AlF3, LiF, and N,N′-bis(1-ethylpropyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10- tetracarboxdiimide (EP-PTCDI) evaporated in situ on self-supported C or Ag foils, covering the very low energy range from 25 keV down to 0.7 keV. The transmission method is used in combination with time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry. In the case of fluorides with large band gap energies (AlF3 and LiF), the experimental stopping power increases almost linearly with the mean projectile velocity showing a velocity threshold at about 0.1 a.u. These features are well reproduced by a model based on quantum scattering theory that takes into account the velocity distribution and the excitation of the active 2p electrons in the F- anions, and the properties of the electronic bands of the insulators. In the case of the semiconductor organic film with a lower gap, the experimental stopping power increases linearly with the mean projectile velocity without presenting a clear threshold. This trend is also reproduced by the proposed model.Fil: Serkovic Loli, Laura Natalia. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Esteban Alejandro. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Grizzi, Oscar. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; ArgentinaFil: Arista, Nestor Ricardo. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Centro Atómico Bariloche; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica. Gerencia del Área de Energía Nuclear. Instituto Balseiro; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentin

Involvement of astrocytes in Alzheimer’s disease from a neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress perspective

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a frequent and devastating neurodegenerative disease in humans, but still no curative treatment has been developed. Although many explicative theories have been proposed, precise pathophysiological mechanisms are unknown. Due to the importance of astrocytes in brain homeostasis they have become interesting targets for the study of AD. Changes in astrocyte function have been observed in brains from individuals with AD, as well as in AD in vitro and in vivo animal models. The presence of amyloid beta (A?) has been shown to disrupt gliotransmission, neurotransmitter uptake, and alter calcium signaling in astrocytes. Furthermore, astrocytes express apolipoprotein E and are involved in the production, degradation and removal of A?. As well, changes in astrocytes that precede other pathological characteristics observed in AD, point to an early contribution of astroglia in this disease. Astrocytes participate in the inflammatory/immune responses of the central nervous system. The presence of A? activates different cell receptors and intracellular signaling pathways, mainly the advanced glycation end products receptor/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?B) pathway, responsible for the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in astrocytes. The release of these pro-inflammatory agents may induce cellular damage or even stimulate the production of A? in astrocytes. Additionally, A? induces the appearance of oxidative stress (OS) and production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in astrocytes, affecting among others, intracellular calcium levels, NADPH oxidase (NOX), NF-?B signaling, glutamate uptake (increasing the risk of excitotoxicity) and mitochondrial function. Excessive neuroinflammation and OS are observed in AD, and astrocytes seem to be involved in both. The A?/NF-?B interaction in astrocytes may play a central role in these inflammatory and OS changes present in AD. In this paper, we also discuss therapeutic measures highlighting the importance of astrocytes in AD pathology. Several new therapeutic approaches involving phenols (curcumin), phytoestrogens (genistein), neuroesteroids and other natural phytochemicals have been explored in astrocytes, obtaining some promising results regarding cognitive improvements and attenuation of neuroinflammation. Novel strategies comprising astrocytes and aimed to reduce OS in AD have also been proposed. These include estrogen receptor agonists (pelargonidin), Bambusae concretio Salicea, Monascin, and various antioxidatives such as resveratrol, tocotrienol, anthocyanins, and epicatechin, showing beneficial effects in AD models. © 2017 González-Reyes, Nava-Mesa, Vargas-Sánchez, Ariza-Salamanca and Mora-Muñoz

ArchiText Mining: Applying Text Analytics to Research on Modern Architecture

ArchiteXt Mining: Spanish modern architecture through its texts (1939–1975) istraživački je projekt koji je financirala Vlada Španjolske putem poziva za „projekte izvrsnosti” Ministarstva gospodarstva i konkurentnosti 2015. godine. Projekt ima za cilj istražiti novo gledište i razmotriti posebnosti suvremene španjolske arhitekture. Unatoč sve većem uspjehu primjene analize podataka kao alata u nizu disciplina, istraživanja na području teorije arhitekture nikada se nisu najefikasnije koristila ovim tehnologijama. Španjolske i međunarodne okolnosti razvoja moderne arhitekture pomno su razmatrane kvalitativnim istraživanjem, koje je uspostavilo opće teorijske osnove. Sada je vrijeme za započinjanje novoga dubinskog istraživanja na temelju objektivnih podataka. Da bismo odgovorili na ovaj izazov, predlažemo primjenu tehnika „rudarenja teksta” (engl. text mining) kako bi se iskoristili najbolji izvori podataka na ovom području: arhitektonska periodika. Svrha je stvoriti snažnu bazu podataka koja će biti javno dostupna znanstvenoj zajednici na internetu. Dakle, ovaj projekt ispunjava nekoliko ciljeva e-istraživanja: olakšati informatizaciju istraživanja podataka, podržati svaku fazu prikupljanja podataka i upravljati analizama velikih podataka uz pomoć posebnih alata.ArchiteXt Mining: Spanish Modern Architecture through Its Texts (1939–1975) is a research project funded by the Government of Spain through the 2015 Call for “Excellence Projects” of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This project aims to explore a new viewpoint and look into the special features of Spanish modern architecture. Despite the increasing success of using data analysis as a tool in a variety of disciplines, research on architectural theory has never made the most efficient use of these technologies. The Spanish and international circumstances of modern architecture development have been scrutinized through qualitative research, which has established a shared theoretical ground. It is now time to start a new in-depth research based on objective data. To address this challenge, we propose the application of text mining techniques to take advantage of the best data source in the field: architectural periodicals. The purpose is to create a powerful database hosted on a public website for the scientific community. Thus, this project fulfils several e-Research objectives: to facilitate the computerization of data research, to support every stageof data collection, and to manage big data analyses with thehelp of specific tools

Deactivation study of Ru-Sn-B/Al2O3 catalysts during selective hydrogenation of methyl oleate to fatty alcohol

In this work, the deactivation of the Ru-Sn-B/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the incipient wetness method in the selective hydrogenation reaction of methyl oleate to fatty alcohol was studied. There was a decrease in both the activity and selectivity of fatty alcohol during successive reaction experiments. The fresh and deactivated catalysts were evaluated by different techniques such as TPR, XPS, TGA, Raman, and FTIR to determine the deactivation causes. Lower Ru and Sn content were found in the deactivated catalyst due to the loss of the active material during hydrogenation reaction. As the metal loss was more important for Ru than for Sn, the Ru/Sn ratio was changed, leading to a decrease of the selectivity. Moreover, the analysis of the XPS peak by the deconvolution of Sn species suggests the more active (SnOx) species for selective hydrogenation are more affected than the less selective (SnOy). Coke deposition was not observed by Raman and FTIR.Fil: Sánchez, María A.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Vicerich, Maria Ana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Mazzieri, Vanina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Gioria, Esteban Gaston. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Gutierrez, Laura Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Pieck, Carlos Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentin

Carbon nanodot–based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor for miRNA-21 detection

A simple carbon nanodot–based electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor is described for sensitive and selective detection of microRNA-21 (miRNA-21), a biomarker of several pathologies including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The photoluminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) were obtained using a new synthesis method, simply by treating tiger nut milk in a microwave reactor. The synthesis is environmentally friendly, simple, and efficient. The optical properties and morphological characteristics of the CNDs were exhaustively investigated, confirming that they have oxygen and nitrogen functional groups on their surfaces and exhibit excitation-dependent fluorescence emission, as well as photostability. They act as co-reactant agents in the anodic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of [Ru(bpy)3]2+, producing different signals for the probe (single-stranded DNA) and the hybridized target (double-stranded DNA). These results paved the way for the development of a sensitive ECL biosensor for the detection of miRNA-21. This was developed by immobilization of a thiolated oligonucleotide, fully complementary to the miRNA-21 sequence, on the disposable gold electrode. The target miRNA-21 was hybridized with the probe on the electrode surface, and the hybridization was detected by the enhancement of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/DNA ECL signal using CNDs. The biosensor shows a linear response to miRNA-21 concentration up to 100.0 pM with a detection limit of 0.721 fM. The method does not require complex labeling steps, and has a rapid response. It was successfully used to detect miRNA-21 directly in serum samples from heart failure patients without previous RNA extraction neither amplification processThis study is funded by the Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (Spain) projects (TRANSNANOAVANSENS, S2018/NMT-4349, CAM/B2017/BMD-3686) and Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spanish Government) projects: CTQ2015-71955-REDT (ELECTROBIONET), CTQ2014-53334-C2-1-R and PID2020-116728RB-I0

Thrombospondin-1/CD47 interaction regulates Th17 and treg differentiation in psoriasis

Accumulating evidence on the role of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) in the immune response has emerged during the last years. In spite of the importance of TSP-1 not only as anti-angiogenic factor but also as an immunomodulatory molecule, studies on the role of TSP-1 in psoriasis have been neglected. TSP-1 and CD47 expression were analyzed in skin samples from psoriasis patients and control subjects using RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. Expression of these molecules was also evaluated in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells, moDCs, and circulating primary DCs. The functional role of TSP-1/CD47 signaling axis in psoriasis was assessed in Th17 and Treg differentiation assays. Additionally, small interfering RNA assays specific to TSP-1 were performed in CD4+ T cells and monocyte derived DC to specifically evaluate the function of this protein. Lesional skin of psoriasis patients expressed lower TSP-1 and CD47 mRNA levels compared to non-lesional skin or skin from controls. Immunofluorescence staining revealed decreased expression of CD47 in CD45+ dermal cells from psoriasis samples compared to control subjects. Peripheral CD4+ T cells and circulating primary DCs from psoriasis also expressed lower levels of CD47 compared to controls. Although no significant differences were detected in TSP-1 expression in CD4+ T cells and moDCs between patients and controls, TSP-1 expression in psoriasis patients inversely correlated with disease activity evaluated by the Psoriasis Area and Index Activity. Furthermore, exogenous TSP-1 inhibited Th17 differentiation and stimulated the differentiation of CD4+ T cells toward Treg cells. Furthermore, RNA interference specific for TSP-1 confirmed the role of this molecule as a negative regulator of T cell activation. Because of the impact of TSP-1/CD47 signaling axis in Th17 and Treg differentiation, a dysregulated expression of these molecules in the immune cells from psoriasis patients may favor the exacerbated inflammatory response in this diseaseInstituto de Salud Carlos III (AES 2017): PI17/01972 to ED. Janssen; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO): Plan Nacional de Salud SAF2017-82886-R, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV); Proyecto Integrado de Excelencia PIE13/00041, Instituto de Salud Carlos III to FS-M, Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI16/02166, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid-Banco Santander (grant 2017/EEUU/03), and Red Temática de Excelencia en Investigación en Hipoxia (SAF 2017-90794-REDT) to MJC. This research has been co-financed by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER

Enantioselective amination of 4-substituted pyrazolones catalyzed by oxindole-containing thioureas and by a recyclable linear-polymer-supported analogue in a continuous flow process

Producción CientíficaA highly efficient organocatalytic amination of 4-substituted pyrazolones with azodicarboxylates mediated by a novel quinine-derived thiourea with a 3,3-diaryl-oxindole scaffold is reported. This synthetic method furnished 4-amino-5-pyrazolones in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97:3 er) at room temperature in short reaction times. Moreover, a linear-polymer-supported bifunctional thiourea, synthesized by reacting a bifunctional aromatic monomer (biphenyl) with isatin in superacidic media and further derivatization, was proven to be also an efficient heterogeneous organocatalyst for this α-amination reaction. The practical value of this process was demonstrated by the use of the immobilized catalyst in recycling experiments, maintaining the activity without additional reactivation, and in flow processes, allowing the synthesis of 4-amino-pyrazolone derivatives in a gram scale with high yield and enantioselectivity.Agencia Estatal de Investigación- FEDER-UE (PID2020-118547GB-I00)Junta de Castilla y León (VA224P20