La technique est-elle condamnée à entrer par effraction dans notre culture ?

International audienceHumanity is made of technical objects. Despite of this fact, technique is not considered as a cultural matter especially in engineering schools where it should be taught. As teachers and searchers at the INSA Lyon, we have experienced the way and the difficulties to develop this technical culture.L’artificialisation de notre monde n’est pas nouvelle et constitue même, à travers les objets techniques qui en sont le support, l’un des piliers de ce qui caractérise notre humanité. En dépit de ce constat, la culture technique, en tant que champ interdisciplinaire centré sur l’étude des relations entre technique et société, peine à s’institutionnaliser, y compris dans la formation des ingénieurs dont nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’elle devrait en être un élément clé. Notre expérience à l’INSA de Lyon nous invite à examiner les conditions de réalisation de la culture technique au niveau de l’enseignement, via une recherche interdisciplinaire, pour lui donner la place qu’elle mérite

LE DISPOSITIF " INNOVATION ET SOCIÉTÉ "

Le dispositif pédagogique " Innovation et Société " proposé à l'INSA de Lyon a la particularité de rassembler deux modules autour d'un projet commun. Son objectif est de sensibiliser les étudiants à la complexité et à la richesse du processus d'innovation en combinant des points de vue disciplinaires habituellement séparés

Conversion du regard : philosophie et ingénierie chez Gaston Berger

Cet article propose de penser le projet d’ingénierie pédagogique de l’INSA Lyon consacré à la réforme des enseignements pour répondre la transition socio-écologique, à l’aune de la pensée et l’action de Gaston Berger, un des principaux fondateurs de cette école d’ingénieur.e.s. Si l’on retient que l’ingénierie nécessite une philosophie, cette dernière consiste en une opération de « conversion du regard » de l’idéalisme transcendental au pragmatisme, impliquant une éthique des connaissances. Cette étude vise également à nourrir la signification de la vision humaniste du rôle de l’ingénieur.e.This article proposes to think about the pedagogical engineering project of INSA Lyon, dedicated to the reform of teaching to respond to the socio-ecological transition, in the light of the thought and action of Gaston Berger, one of the main founders of this engineering school. If we retain that engineering requires a philosophy, the latter consists in an operation of “conversion of the gaze,” from transcendental idealism to pragmatism, implying an ethics of knowledge.This study also aims to nourish the meaning of the humanistic vision of the engineer’s role

A Comprehensive Survey on Software as a Service (SaaS) Transformation for the Automotive Systems

Over the last few decades, automotive embedded Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems have been used to enhance vehicle performance and enrich peopleâ’s driving experience, increasing the panel of software features within them. However, even though until now automakers have kept up with the innovation pace in terms of the functionalities that have been offered to passengers, the majority of automakers’ efforts have concentrated on bringing in these new functionalities by adding an unceasingly larger set of ECUs. All of this has been done without evolving any of the embedded software architecture consequently, due to budgetary constraints, legislative limitations, retro-compatibility problems, and a lack of awareness of the trending IT innovation. This unbalanced progress has then led to a substantial increase in in-vehicle architectural complexity, which has become a major concern for automakers nowadays as it makes the vehicle repairing process more complex, decreases software traceability and clashes with the objective of having higher business flexibility, modularity, and dynamicity within the vehicles. In this paper, we are going to go through literature, both academic and industrial, and propose a comprehensive study into automotive system transformation. We begin by giving a detailed analysis of the causes of evolution under five axes - i.e., society, business, industry, application, and technical. Then, we discuss the convergence of cars and software life cycles and propose a three-layered analysis of automotive ICT systems consisting of architecture design, software pipelines, and run-time management. Finally, we are going to propose certain detailed guidelines on the evolution perspectives for automotive systems through deriving from the convergence of advances in IT, as well as current and future automotive environmental constraints

iGEM REPORT: Gotta Detect ‘Em All: a multi-STI sensor based on aptamers

/International audienceNowadays, STIs constitute a major public health issue. Indeed, treatments are often started too late because of belated diagnosis resulting in health problems, such as sterility. If prevention is probably the most effective action one can take to prevent the spread of STIs, early detection could help limit their deleterious effects. In this work, a new diagnosis approach based on aptamers is presented. Bound to paper, they allow the detection of HIV and Hepatitis B biomarkers from a blood sample. The associated device is composed of an anchor, the streptavidin protein, allowing the fixation of the aptamer to the paper via biotin (see graphical abstract). With this system, the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (BBa_K1934060 and BBa_K1934061: protein subunits p51 and p66) and HBsAg (surface antigen of Hepatitis B) are specifically targeted. Then, the biomarker/aptamer complex is detected by two methods. The first one is based on fluorescence. As a proof of concept, a paired ATP/aptamer was used and enabled to successfully detect ATP up to 10 µmol.L-1. However, the signal was not detectable with naked eyes or with a cell phone equipped with blue and green filters either. Therefore, a lateral flow assay with nano-sized latex black beads was tested. This second technique showed that a protein biomarker, such as thrombin, could be complexed with latex beads coated with aptamers, in liquid. Finally, the ultimate step, migration of the latex beads inside paper, needs further optimization. Moreover, to easily handle several STI-tests on a single paper strip, an innovative bio-sourced PLA casing was designed and 3D printed to offer an additional intuitive user-interface

iGEM REPORT: Gotta Detect ‘Em All: a multi-STI sensor based on aptamers

/International audienceNowadays, STIs constitute a major public health issue. Indeed, treatments are often started too late because of belated diagnosis resulting in health problems, such as sterility. If prevention is probably the most effective action one can take to prevent the spread of STIs, early detection could help limit their deleterious effects. In this work, a new diagnosis approach based on aptamers is presented. Bound to paper, they allow the detection of HIV and Hepatitis B biomarkers from a blood sample. The associated device is composed of an anchor, the streptavidin protein, allowing the fixation of the aptamer to the paper via biotin (see graphical abstract). With this system, the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (BBa_K1934060 and BBa_K1934061: protein subunits p51 and p66) and HBsAg (surface antigen of Hepatitis B) are specifically targeted. Then, the biomarker/aptamer complex is detected by two methods. The first one is based on fluorescence. As a proof of concept, a paired ATP/aptamer was used and enabled to successfully detect ATP up to 10 µmol.L-1. However, the signal was not detectable with naked eyes or with a cell phone equipped with blue and green filters either. Therefore, a lateral flow assay with nano-sized latex black beads was tested. This second technique showed that a protein biomarker, such as thrombin, could be complexed with latex beads coated with aptamers, in liquid. Finally, the ultimate step, migration of the latex beads inside paper, needs further optimization. Moreover, to easily handle several STI-tests on a single paper strip, an innovative bio-sourced PLA casing was designed and 3D printed to offer an additional intuitive user-interface

Les Cahiers de RECITS n°7 (2010)

Ce numéro est constitué de quatre ensembles : - Culture et formation technique ; - Politique de la mine ;- Techniques maritimes ;- Cinéma : figures de l’ouvrier ; - Varia