The illusory truth effect leads to the spread of misinformation

Misinformation can negatively impact people's lives in domains ranging from health to politics. An important research goal is to understand how misinformation spreads in order to curb it. Here, we test whether and how a single repetition of misinformation fuels its spread. Over two experiments (N = 260) participants indicated which statements they would like to share with other participants on social media. Half of the statements were repeated and half were new. The results reveal that participants were more likely to share statements they had previously been exposed to. Importantly, the relationship between repetition and sharing was mediated by perceived accuracy. That is, repetition of misinformation biased people's judgment of accuracy and as a result fuelled the spread of misinformation. The effect was observed in the domain of health (Exp 1) and general knowledge (Exp 2), suggesting it is not tied to a specific domain

AerialMPTNet: Multi-Pedestrian Tracking in Aerial Imagery Using Temporal and Graphical Features

Multi-pedestrian tracking in aerial imagery has several applications such as large-scale event monitoring, disaster management, search-and-rescue missions, and as input into predictive crowd dynamic models. Due to the challenges such as the large number and the tiny size of the pedestrians (e.g., 4 x 4 pixels) with their similar appearances as well as different scales and atmospheric conditions of the images with their extremely low frame rates (e.g., 2 fps), current state-of-the-art algorithms including the deep learning-based ones are unable to perform well. In this paper, we propose AerialMPTNet, a novel approach for multi-pedestrian tracking in geo-referenced aerial imagery by fusing appearance features from a Siamese Neural Network, movement predictions from a Long Short-Term Memory, and pedestrian interconnections from a GraphCNN. In addition, to address the lack of diverse aerial pedestrian tracking datasets, we introduce the Aerial Multi-Pedestrian Tracking (AerialMPT) dataset consisting of 307 frames and 44,740 pedestrians annotated. We believe that AerialMPT is the largest and most diverse dataset to this date and will be released publicly. We evaluate AerialMPTNet on AerialMPT and KIT AIS, and benchmark with several state-of-the-art tracking methods. Results indicate that AerialMPTNet significantly outperforms other methods on accuracy and time-efficiency.Comment: ICPR 202

Evaluation of the effects of LMA supreme, baska mask LMA and endotracheal intubation on intracranial pressure in laparoscopic operations by measuring the diameter of the sonographic optic nerve sheath

Aim: The laryngeal mask (LMA) has been used for years to provide a safe and effective airway. Nowadays, it is also preferred in gynecological laparoscopic operations. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Baska Mask LMA (LMA-B), LMA Supreme (LMA-S) and ETT (endotracheal tube) applications on intracranial pressure in laparoscopic gynecological operations by measuring optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD).  Methods:  Patients between the ages of 18-65 in ASA I-II-III physical status who were going to undergo laparoscopic gynecological operation were included in the study. The patients were divided into three groups by randomisation prospective as ETT, LMA-B and LMA-S. ONCD measurements were measured before general anesthesia (T0), 1 minute after induction (T1), 1 minute after intubation (T2), 3 minutes after intubation (T3), 10 minutes after the pneumoperitoneum and trendelenburg position (T4), and 30 minutes after the pneumoperitoneum and trendelenburg position (T5) and before extubation (T6). Results: 60 patients were included in the study. No statistical difference was found between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics and clinical data (all p>0.05). The change in ONSD within three different groups showed an increase in the measurements at the 10th and 30th minutes after the pneumoperitoneum and trendelenburg position; ETT (4.84±0.23 mm), LMA-S (4.83±0.28mm), and this increase was found to be the lowest in LMA-B (4.64±0.26 mm) application (p=0.61). Conclusion: we think that Baska Mask LMA can be preferred more than ETT and other LMA applications according to the indication and IBP follow-up can be done reliably with ONSD measurements

Efficient X-ray CT-based numerical computations of structural and mass transport properties of nickel foam-based GDLs for PEFCs

Nickel foams are excellent candidate materials for gas diffusion layers (GDLs) for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and this is due to their superior structural and transport properties. A highly computationally-efficient framework has been developed to not only estimate the key structural and mass transport properties but also to examine the multi-dimensional uniformity and/or the isotropy of these properties. Specifically, multiple two-dimensional X-ray CT images and/or numerical models have been used to computationally determine the porosity, the tortuosity, the pore size distribution, the ligament thickness, the specific surface area, the gas permeability and the effective diffusivity of a typical nickel foam sample. The results show that, compared to the conventionally used carbon substrate, the nickel foam sample demonstrate a high degree of uniformity and isotropy and that it has superior structural and mass transport properties, thus underpinning its candidacy as a GDL material for PEFCs. All the computationally-estimated properties, which were found to be consistent with the corresponding literature data, have been presented and thoroughly discussed

Aeromonas hydrophila-associated skin lesions and septicaemia in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) : clinical communication

Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most common bacteria associated with the aquatic environment. There are , however, limited data on A. hydrophila infection in crocodilians. The aim of this report is to describe a case of skin lesions and septicaemia associated with A. hydrophila in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). A captive male crocodile in the Zoological Park of Antalya (Turkey) was found dead without showing signs of any disease. Gross examination showed brown or red-spotted skin lesions of varying size. These lesions were mostly scattered over the abdomen and occasionally on the tail and feet. At necropsy, numerous white, multifocal and randomly distributed areas were seen on the liver. Gram-stained smears from skin and liver lesions showed Gram-negative bacilli arranged in clusters. Pure cultures of A. hydrophila were recovered from skin, internal organs and blood. Isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftiofur, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, neomycin, gentamicin, and lincomycin + neomycin. A pathogenicity test was performed using this isolate on 4 male 2-year-old New Zealand white rabbits. Local abscesses formed in 2 rabbits injected subcutaneously and the 2 that were injected intraperitoneally died as a result of septicaemia. In conclusion, this report has shown that A. hydrophila may cause skin lesions and even death due to septicaemia in crocodiles

A model on building and modifying the stimulus action association in the brain Beyinde Uyaran Hareket Ilişkisinin Oluşmasi ve Uyarlanmasina Dair Bir Model

© 2015 IEEE.It is expected that building computational models of neural structures taking part in generating cognitive processes and emotions would not only help us understanding the brain but also give us clues to diagnose and develop treatment for neurological disorders and diseases. In this work, a computational model of cognitive task, goal directed behavior is considered. The cortex-basal ganglia-thalamus loop which is known to be effective in goal directed behavior has been modeled. In the model, the stimulus which has been recognized by sensory cortex has been projected to motor cortex giving rise to an action. This relation between stimulus and action has been evaluated by reward and the connection between substructures taking part during this process has been modified by dopamine. This modification is done by spike time dependent plasticity which depends on dopamine level regulated by reward. So, the effect of stimulus on sensory cortex has been carried down to motor cortex by evaluating reward and association between stimuli and action has been built up

Handlebar Trauma Causing Small Bowel Hernia with Jejunal Perforation

[West J Emerg Med. 2014;15(4):367–368.

Surface chemistry and flotation properties of galena and pyrite particles in the presence of xanthate- monothiophosphate- thiocarbamate collectors

In this study, surface chemistry and flotation properties of the gold-bearing galena and pyrite minerals of Menderes region, Izmir, Turkey were investigated with the use of xanthate-thiocarbamate-monothiophosphate collectors. In this context, the micro-flotation experiments, the zeta potential, and bubble-particle attachment time measurements were conducted in the presence of Thiophosphate (Aero S-8045), Xanthate (SIBX), and Thiocarbamate (Aero float MX-505) collectors. In the case of micro-flotation experiments, the MX-505 exhibited higher flotation efficiency for both minerals compared to SIBX and S-8045 collectors. In the micro-flotation tests conducted on galena and pyrite, while the flotation recovery of 99.82% and 81.96% were obtained with MX-505, the flotation recovery of 89.64% and 62.50% were reached in the case of using SIBX. Furthermore, the S-8045 resulted in the flotation recovery s of 75.09% and 25.45% for galena and pyrite, respectively. In the case of zeta potential experiments as a function of pH, the galena mineral showed a negative charge between -17.22 to -41.42 mV at pH 5 – 11, no point of zero charge (pzc) was determined, and the pzc of pyrite was determined as pH≈8. The bubble-particle attachment time experiments performed in the presence of S-8045, SIBX, and MX-505 collectors indicated that the attachment efficiency was 100% in the presence of MX-505 at 12.5-75 g/Mg dosages and 1-1000 ms contact times. These results revealed that there was an extraordinarily strong interaction between the galena/pyrite and the air bubbles in the presence of MX-505. The results obtained within this study indicated that galena and pyrite minerals showed inherently less than 25% natural floatability which can only be enhanced under specific conditions. The results obtained within this study indicated that galena and pyrite minerals showed inherently low natural floatability which can only be enhanced under specific conditions. In the tests conducted on these minerals, galena mineral showed higher than %20 natural floatability compared to pyrite mineral, and collectors produced from thiocarbamates have shown greater effectiveness compared to xanthate and thiophosphate

Investigation of Nafion based composite membranes on the performance of DMFCs

In this study, Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs) based on composite membranes (Nafion/ SiO2 and Nafion/TiO2) were manufactured; and their performances were compared with that of the DMFC based on Nafion (R) 115 membrane. For this purpose, composite membranes were synthesized applying the recasting method with the inorganic particle loading of 2.5 wt%. The structures of these composite membranes were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), proton conductivity measurement and water uptake measurement. Ultrasonic coating technique was used in the manufacturing of the Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs). The performance tests of the composite membranes were conducted using in-house experiments. In these tests, the effect of methanol concentration (0.75, 1, and 1.5 M) on the performance of the MEA having Nafion 115 was investigated at 80 degrees C to find the value of the methanol concentration that yields the highest power density. This study showed that the MEA operating at 1 M gives the highest performance. Then, the performance of this MEA was compared with that of the MEAs having Nafion/ SiO2 and Nafion/TiO2 composite membranes in single cell DMFC setup at 60 degrees C, 80 degrees C, and 95 degrees C. The results of these experiments demonstrated that the MEA having Nafion/TiO2 composite membrane provides much better performance with the maximum power density values of 422.04 W/m(2), 641.16 W/m(2), and 710.88 W/m(2) at 60 degrees C, 80 degrees C, and 95 degrees C, respectively. (C) 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved