Towards the calculation of flight inefficiency

Air traffic is in continuously increasing, which means that, day by day, its complexity is higher. This fact leads to different consequences, which are analysed along this paper. The immediate impact of these consequences are congestion and delay, which can be caused in any flight phase either on ground or air. In some cases, this delay cannot be recovered but accumulated affecting the airports' capacity and also the airlines management. In this way, the aircraft piloting manner is also altered. It is not an efficient one due to route changes. So, the flight inefficiencies applied to the European airspace network, will be classified, dimensioned and detailed. The main aim of this project is to develop a methodology employed to calculate the flight inefficiency caused by the air traffic complexity. This method is not only developed, but also applied to specific parameters doing an exhaustive study in order to observe its influence. Due to the above expressed reasons, the fuel burn also increases being this the most significant factor. It creates an environmental impact, which is taken into account as a whole world concern. The starting point of the developed work is based on the public data provided by EUROCONTROL and also on the available database of Flight Data Recorders (FDR), which is obtained from another project. Making emphasis on the studied metrics, which can provide a better result of reducing the flight inefficiencies, the fuel consumption will be estimated. It is a complex task related to different points of view like aircraft performance, environmental performance and airlines strategy. In order to promote and validate this analysis, a use case is shared detailing all the factors, which influence the obtained results. This thesis will be also accompanied by an important part dedicated to the further work where some improvements of the current performances can be taken into account

Fuel Economy at the Heat Treatment Furnaces of Steel Cast Pieces

The paper presents a study made at the annealing furnaces for homogenization of cast pieces regarding the replacement of marsh gas with blast furnace gas, in a proportion of 100%. In this way an important economy of marsh gas is achieved, representing a special interest because its international deficit and its putting up the price

Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome Associated With West-Nile Virus Infection: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a very rare condition with different autoimmune, infectious and paraneoplastic aetiologies or in most cases idiopathic. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who was admitted in our department in early fall for altered mental status, opsoclonus, multifocal myoclonus, truncal titubation and generalized tremor, preceded by a 5 day prodrome consisting of malaise, nausea, fever and vomiting. Brain computed tomography and MRI scans showed no significant abnormalities and cerebrospinal fluid changes consisted of mildly increased protein content and number of white cells. Work-up for paraneoplastic and autoimmune causes of OMS was negative but serologic tests identified positive IgM and IgG antibodies against West Nile virus (WNV). The patient was treated with Dexamethasone and Clonazepam with progressive improvement of mental status, myoclonus, opsoclonus and associated neurologic signs. Six months after the acute illness she had complete recovery. To our knowledge this is the 14th case of WNV associated OMS reported in the literature so far. We briefly describe the clinical course of the other reported cases together with the different treatment strategies that have been employed

Evaluarea locală și generală a pacientului cu defect de creastă alveolară ce necesită reabilitare implanto-protetică

Background. There is a variety of techniques for alveolar ridge reconstruction, all based on careful analysis and planning of local and general conditions of the patient. The alveolar ridge of the maxilla represents an area with increased aesthetic requirements, increasing also the evaluation parameters. Objective of the study. Prezentarea metodelor de evaluare generală și locală a pacientului cu defect de creastă alveolară ce necesită reconstrucție și a rezultatelor acestora. Material and Methods. 70 patients, aged 18-67, were analyzed. 79 bone defects were analyzed: 26 horizontal, 1 vertical, 52 combined. Patients were examined by performing the photographic examination, CBCT, questionnaires and medical records. The data were entered in a table and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics22. Results. The thickness of the gum varied between 1-6.3mm with an average of 2.85mm±0.058, the width was between 1-8mm, with an average of 4.54mm±0.090. Scars were observed in 47.7% and intact gums in 52.3%. Localized marginal periodontitis was present in 2 cases (1%), generalized superficial–27 cases (13.6%), generalized medium–19 cases (9.5%), absent in 27 cases (13.6%), in 4 cases (2%) were total edentulousness. The length of the defects was 4.6-52.3mm, on average 18.44mm±1.178; the width of the defects varied between 0.4-6mm with an average of 3.37mm±0.083; the height of the bone defects varied between 0.5-9.6mm, forming on average 3.9mm±0.150. Conclusion. The evaluation methods presented in this study can be easily used by clinicians to receive as much valuable data about alveolar ridge defects as possible in order to reconstruct them as simply and predictably as possible. Introducere. Există o varietate de tehnici de reconstruție a crestelor alveolare, toate bazându-se pe analiză și planificare minuțioasă a condițiilor locale și generale ale pacientului cu deficit osos. Creasta alveolară a maxilei reprezintă o zonă cu cerințe estetice crescute, sporind parametrii de evaluare. Scopul lucrării. Prezentarea metodelor de evaluare generală și locală a pacientului cu defect de creastă alveolară ce necesită reconstrucție și a rezultatelor acestora. Material și Metode. Au fost analizați 70 de pacienți, cu vârsta cuprinsă între 18-67 ani. Au fost analizate 79 de defecte osoase: 26 orizontale, 1 vertical, 52 combinate. Pacienții au fost examinați efectuându-se examenul fotografic, CBCT, chestionare și fișe medicale. Datele au fost introduse într-un tabel și au fost analizate utilizând programele Microsoft Excel și IBM SPSS Statistics22. Rezultate. Grosimea gingiei a variat între 1-6,3mm cu media 2,85mm±0,058, lățimea a fost între 1-8mm, cu media 4,54mm±0,090. S-au observat cicatrici în 47,7% și gingie intactă în 52,3%. Parodontopatia marginală localizată a fost prezentă în 2 cazuri (1%), generalizată superficială–27 cazuri (13,6%), generalizată medie–19 cazuri (9,5%), absentă în 27 cazuri (13,6%), în 4 cazuri (2%) au fost edentații totale. Lungimea defectelor a fost 4,6-52,3mm, în medie 18,44mm±1,178; lățimea defectelor a variat între 0,4-6mm cu o medie de 3,37mm±0,083; înălțimea defectelor osoase a variat între 0,5-9,6mm, formând în medie 3,9mm±0,150. Concluzii. Metodele de evaluare prezentate în acest studiu pot fi utilizate cu ușurință de către clinicieni pentru a primi cât mai multe date valoroase despre defectele de creastă alveolară în vederea reconstrucției cât mai simple și predictibile a acestora

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages