Physical activity of children aged 1-4

Introduction: Physical activity plays an important role in the child's development process. The most exposed to the consequences of hypokinesia are children in the period of intensive growth. Movement games during the youngest years have a significant impact on later life, especially on the occurrence of faulty posture or speed of acquiring new motor skills. In the literature, there are reports showing increasing obesity rates among children not only in Poland, but also across the world. It is estimated that this is related to the modern "style" of raising children and the early introduction of electronic toys, tablets, mobile phones and television in order to compensate for the small amount of time devoted to children.The aim of the study: 1) Do parents encourage children to take physical activities? 2) How often do parents spend time with their child in the open air? 3) Is the common creation of games often used in the process of raising a child? 4) Do parents take physical activity with their children? Material and methods: 62 people took part in the study and an original questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was used. The questions included, among other things, the age of the child and parents, the child's physical activity, diet and how they are spendind free time at home. Results and conclusions:72.6% of respondents encourage their children to take regular physical activity. Over half of the respondents said that every day they spend more than an hour with their child in the open air, only 21% create educational games together with their child. Over 72% of children actively participate in the physical activity with parents

The influence of menstrual cycle on aerobic capacity

Introduction: Nowadays sociocultural changes that happen in highly developed countries increased the awareness of physical activity and healthy lifestyle. The social media have a significant influence on promoting the healthy lifestyle and motivating people to live fit. More and more women in their 20s take up physical activity to gain a beautiful body and feel healthy. Considering many hormones changes during the menstrual cycle, authors of many studies try to find direct link between the female menstrual cycle and aerobic capacity or general level of performance. The aims of the study: Does a phase of menstrual cycle affect physical capacity and reached submaximal level of heart rate? Does a phase of menstrual cycle affect aerobic capacity of the students? Does the subjective rate of physical capacity confirms in beep test result? Methods: 44 students of Medical University of Silesia took part in the study. Authorial questionnaire consisting of 13 questions was used to collect essential informations such as age, phase of the menstrual cycle, subjective rate of the aerobic capacity. Study group was measured with Beep test (a shuffle test used to assess aerobic performance, consisting of 21 levels that differ in the number of stages and the speed at which a distance of 20m should be covered in a given time). Before and after (1st and 5th minute) every run heart rate was measured with pulseoximeter. Results: Considering the beep test result sheets, the average of student's results shows rather poor performance. (1) So far, the studies haven't indicated any link between menstrual cycle and aerobic capacity (2) There is a relation between the frequency of training sessions and the aerobic capacity. Students that do an endurance training (in many forms) tend to have average/good beep test result

The influence of boccia on self-esteem and increasing the functional capabilities of disabled people

Sport is an important supplement to the rehabilitation process and opens the way to improving the comfort and quality of life of people with disabilities. Sport not only accelerates regenerative, adaptive and compensatory processes, but also enables the creation of new social contacts, improves self-esteem and physical performance. The precursor to the dynamic development of disabled sports was Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who changed the perception of the sport of disabled people and placed it on a par with the sport of non-disabled people. Boccia is one of the paralympic disciplines that do not have their equivalent in the Olympic program. In 1992, during the Paralympics in Barcelona, boccia became a permanent Paralympic discipline and gave the opportunity to people with the greatest disabilities of the musculoskeletal system to participate in sports competitions. Boccia got to Poland in the early 90s thanks to a group of Swedish athletes from Malmo and at that time the first boccia trainings under the supervision of Witold Maciejewski, organized by Romuald Schmidt, started in Poland

The influence of Academic Sports Associations on the development of a sports career

Introduction: Young people who continue their education at universities do not have to give up their physical activity. The existence of Academic Sports Unions allows you to continue and develop your sporting career. A significant number of students regularly participating in AZS classes have a chance to develop their sporting career. The possibility of obtaining a sports scholarship is an additional motivation for students to pursue their own scientific and sporting goals. Sport through the process of self-improvement introduces a specific discipline to everyday life, teaches regularity, diligence and good organization of time.The aim of the study: 1) Did you start your education at a university by limiting or giving up sports?, 2) Do universities and AZS help develop a sports career? 3) Did the students of AZS influence the development of their sports career? Material and methods: 204 students participated in the study, an original questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was used. The questions concerned, among others: forms of physical activity and training experience, the impact of undertaking education at a university on the development of a sports career. Results and conclusions: Over 80% of respondents did not give up their sport before starting their studies. Over 50% of respondents believe that AZS and universities support the development of young athletes, giving the opportunity to get better and better results

Physical activity of pregnant and postpartum women

Introduction: One of the basic elements of a healthy lifestyle is regular physical activity. Nowadays, more and more women during pregnancy take up the topic of the impact of physical activity and diet on the child developing in the womb. The existence of birth schools allows you to prepare for delivery, obtain information on acceptable safe activity adapted to the health of the future mother and ways of rational nutrition. The silhouette of women during pregnancyis constantly changing. Literature often shows the subject of a decrease in self-esteem during this period, associated with hormonal changes, appearance, fatigue and limitation of time for self-development. In the literature, we find two different positions of women about the subject of physical activity during pregnancy. The first position speaks of virtually complete limitation of activity, the second is about taking minimal activity such as before pregnancy. The aim of the study: 1) What impact on physical well-being in pregnant women and postpartum is having, 2) Is there a relationship between physical activity and pregnancy? 3) Is there a relationship between physical activity and postpartum period?, 4) What is the most common motivation to undertake physical activity after delivery? Material and methods:57 women aged 18 to 47 participated in the study. The study used an original anonymous survey of 28 questions. The questions concerned, among others: pregnancy, postnatal period, physical activity during pregnancy and after delivery. Conclusions: Taking physical activity during pregnancy and after childbirth influences the increase of self-esteem and well-being of women. About 25% of women surveyed did not return to physical activity a year after delivery. The basic factors influencing the activity after childbirth are the desire to improve the appearance, well-being and return to fitness which they presented before delivery

Physical activity and pain

Introduction: Undertaking physical activity is often associated with the appearance of proverbial "sourdoughs". DOMS (Delayed Oneset Muscle Soreness), or delayed musculoskeletal muscle pain, known as the aforementioned "soreness", is a consequence of intense physical activity for microtraumas of muscle fibers. In physical medicine, there are many methods to reduce the pain or discomfort of DOMS, including cold baths, gel wraps, hot baths. The literature, however, can be found with reports about the high importance of pain after training in the life of people practicing sports, both professionally and amateur, because its occurrence gives a sense of well-performed training and its effectiveness. The aim of the study: 1) Do the pain after training treat as an integral part of the training?, 2) Are regular athletes striving to develop pain after training?, 3) Do regular sports people often use treatments to prevent "sourdough"?, Material and methods: 149 people participated in the study, including 91 women aged from 13 to 24 years (x = 17.1, SD = 3.7) and 58 men aged 18 to 27 years (x = 21.8; SD = 2 4). They were athletes from UKS Ósemka in Wejherowo and students of the Silesian Medical University in Katowice. An original survey containing 30 closed questions was used. The questions concerned the type of physical activity to be practiced, the pain associated with physical exertion, the time of training, and the prevention of sourdough. The statistical analysis consisted of the performance of descriptive statistics.Results:The analysis showed that the pain after the training, according to the respondents, is an integral part of the training. Regular sports practitioners tend to obtain muscular pain in training. The use of treatments preventing sourdough is not very common among the respondents

The influence of menstrual cycle on aerobic capacity

Introduction: Nowadays sociocultural changes that happen in highly developed countries increased the awareness of physical activity and healthy lifestyle. The social media have a significant influence on promoting the healthy lifestyle and motivating people to live fit. More and more women in their 20s take up physical activity to gain a beautiful body and feel healthy. Considering many hormones changes during the menstrual cycle, authors of many studies try to find direct link between the female menstrual cycle and aerobic capacity or general level of performance. The aims of the study: Does a phase of menstrual cycle affect physical capacity and reached submaximal level of heart rate? Does a phase of menstrual cycle affect aerobic capacity of the students? Does the subjective rate of physical capacity confirms in beep test result? Methods: 44 students of Medical University of Silesia took part in the study. Authorial questionnaire consisting of 13 questions was used to collect essential informations such as age, phase of the menstrual cycle, subjective rate of the aerobic capacity. Study group was measured with Beep test (a shuffle test used to assess aerobic performance, consisting of 21 levels that differ in the number of stages and the speed at which a distance of 20m should be covered in a given time). Before and after (1st and 5th minute) every run heart rate was measured with pulseoximeter. Results: Considering the beep test result sheets, the average of student's results shows rather poor performance. (1) So far, the studies haven't indicated any link between menstrual cycle and aerobic capacity (2) There is a relation between the frequency of training sessions and the aerobic capacity. Students that do an endurance training (in many forms) tend to have average/good beep test result

Complete functional characterization of disease-associated genetic variants in the complement factor H gene

30 p.-7 fig.Genetic analyses in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and C3-glomerulopathy (C3G) patients have provided an excellent understanding of the genetic component of the disease and informed genotype-phenotype correlations supporting an individualized approach to patient management and treatment. In this context, a correct categorization of the disease-associated gene variants is critical to avoid detrimental consequences for patients and their relatives. Here we describe a comprehensive procedure to measure levels and functional activity of complement regulator factor H (FH) encoded by CFH, the commonest genetic factor associated with aHUS and C3G, and present the results of the analysis of 28 uncharacterized, disease-associated, FH variants. Sixteen variants were not expressed in plasma and eight had significantly reduced functional activities that impact on complement regulation. In total, 24 of 28 CFH variants were unambiguously categorized as pathogenic and the nature of the pathogenicity fully documented for each. The data also reinforce the genotype-phenotype correlations that associate specific FH functional alterations with either aHUS or C3G and illustrate important drawbacks of the prediction algorithms dealing with variants located in FH functional regions. We also report that the novel aHUS-associated M823T variant is functionally impaired. This was unexpected and uncovered the important contribution of regions outside the N-terminal and C-terminal functional domains to FH regulatory activities on surfaces. Thus, our work significantly advances knowledge towards a complete functional understanding of the CFH genetic variability and highlights the importance of functional analysis of the disease-associated CFH variants.SRdeC is supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad/FEDER (grant number SAF2015-66287-R), the Seventh Framework Programme European Union Project EURenOmics (grantnumber 305608), and the Autonomous Region of Madrid (grantnumber S2010/BMD-2316).Peer reviewe