Effects of microbial phytase supplementation of a barley-soybean meal diet on the performance and bone mineralization of growing-finishing pigs

The study evaluated the effect of a phytase supplement, produced by Aspergillus niger, on the performance of 72 growing-finishing pigs (28-101 kg). Chemical and physical parameters of the tibia and fibula bones were measured. The control diet (diet 1) was formulated to be adequate for pigs with respect to all nutrients, and diets 2 and 3 with respect to all other nutrients except total phosphorus (P). The P source of the control diet was dicalciumphosphate (dihydrate), while no inorganic P was added to diets 2 and 3. Diet 3 was supplemented with phytase, 720 U/kg feed. The average daily gain (ADG) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the control pigs were significantly better than those of the groups without inorganic P. Phytase improved the ADG (

Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs II. Performance and bone mineralization in growing-finishing pigs

The experiment was conducted to study whether wheat bran (WB) phytase could improve the availability of intrinsic phosphorus (P) in commercial barley-soybean meal diets enough to replace the added inorganic P partly or completely in the diets of growing-finishing pigs (30-100 kg). Performance as well as certain chemical and physical parameters of the tibia and fibula bones were used as criteria for the WB phytase effect. The experiment was conducted using a 2x3 factorial arrangement. The factors were wheat bran (WB) level - either 0 (WB-) or 100 g/kg (WB+), and phosphorus level - high (HP), medium (MP) and low (LP) corresponding to 4.33 g, 2.99 g and 1.64 g digestible P per a feed unit (FU = 0.7 kg starch equivalent), respectively. The measured digestible P contents of the diets were 4.2, 4.2, 2.7, 2.5, 1.4 and 1.8 g/kg DM, respectively. A content of 2.5-2.7 g of digestible P/kg DM in the diet proved to be sufficient for the whole growing period, but the lowest phosphorus levels led to an impaired growth rate, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio. However, after reaching 60 kg live weight, the pigs on LPWB- and LPWB+ diets were able to grow and utilize feed as effectively as the other pigs. WB at a level of 100 g/kg had no significant effect on the performance, feed conversion ratio or carcass quality criteria of the pigs on any diet. WB phytase showed a positive effect on bone breaking strength on the LP diet

Inclusion of wheat bran in barley-soybean meal diets with different phosphorus levels for growing-finishing pigs I. Effects on nutrient digestibility and mineral balances in finishing pigs

The effect of the intrinsic phytase of wheat bran (WB) on phytin-phosphorus availability to pigs on barley-soybean meal diets was measured in a digestibility and balance experiment using a 2x3 factorial arrangement in a 6x5 cyclic change-over design. The factors were WB inclusion (0 or 100 g per kg, later referred to as WB- and WB+, respectively) and three phosphorus (P) levels: high (HP), medium (MP) and low (LP). The inclusion of WB in the diet did not significantly improve dietary P utilization. However, the absorption and retention of P appeared to be slightly improved by WB inclusion in the LP diet. This improvement may be due to WB phytase. The effects of WB on the digestibility and balance of other minerals remained relatively small. The P level, on the other hand, had a greater effect on mineral balances. Ash digestibility was not affected by the treatments. Dry matter and organic matter digestibilities were impaired when WB was included in the diet. N absorption of intake was higher (

Contribution of rare and common variants to intellectual disability in a sub-isolate of Northern Finland

The contribution of de novo variants in severe intellectual disability (ID) has been extensively studied whereas the genetics of mild ID has been less characterized. To elucidate the genetics of milder ID we studied 442 ID patients enriched for mild ID (>50%) from a population isolate of Finland. Using exome sequencing, we show that rare damaging variants in known ID genes are observed significantly more often in severe (27%) than in mild ID (13%) patients. We further observe a significant enrichment of functional variants in genes not yet associated with ID (OR: 2.1). We show that a common variant polygenic risk significantly contributes to ID. The heritability explained by polygenic risk score is the highest for educational attainment (EDU) in mild ID (2.2%) but lower for more severe ID (0.6%). Finally, we identify a Finland enriched homozygote variant in the CRADD ID associated gene.Peer reviewe

Effects of microbial phytase supplementation of a barley-soybean meal diet on the performance and bone mineralization of growing-finishing pigs

Kasvatuskokeessa 72 lihasialla tutkittiin, parantaako mikrobiologisesti tuotettu fytaasi kasvifosforin hyväksikäyttöä ja voidaanko sillä mahdollisesti korvata rehuun normaalisti lisättävä epäorgaaninen fosfori. Kokeessa oli kolme ruokintaryhmää, ja siat kasvatettiin 28 kg elopainosta 101 kg painoon. Ryhmä 1 oli kontrolliryhmä, jonka rehu täytti nykyiset ruokintanormit. Ryhmä 2 sai muuten samaa rehua, mutta rehuun ei lisätty epäorgaanista fosforia. Ryhmä 3 sai rehua, johon ei lisätty epäorgaanista fosforia, mutta lisättiin 0.024 % Aspergillus niger -mikrobikannalla tuotettua fytaasia. Koko kasvatuskauden tulokset osoittivat ryhmän 1 sikojen kasvun ja rehun hyväksikäytön olleen paremmat kuin ryhmissä 2 ja 3. Fytaasi kuitenkin paransi sikojen kasvua ja rehuhyötysuhdetta noin 60 kilon elopainoon saakka. Sen jälkeen ryhmien kasvussa ei ollut merkitseviä eroja. Sikojen teuraslaadussa ei ollut eroja. Sioilla ei esiintynyt kasvatuskauden aikana mitään näkyviä jalkavikoja. Sääriluun tiheys ja murtolujuus olivat kuitenkin kontrolliryhmässä muita ryhmiä paremmat. Fytaasilisäys paransi sääriluun tiheyttä ja murtolujuutta. Vaikka fytaasi paransikin tuotantotuloksia tietyltä osin, ei kokeen perusteella voi suositella epäorgaanisen fosforin täydellistä korvaamista fytaasilla lihasikojen ohraan ja soijaan perustuvassa ruokinnassa.The study evaluated the effect of a phytase supplement, produced by Aspergillus niger, on the performance of 72 growing-finishing pigs (28-101 kg). Chemical and physical parameters of the tibia and fibula bones were measured. The control diet (diet 1) was formulated to be adequate for pigs with respect to all nutrients, and diets 2 and 3 with respect to all other nutrients except total phosphorus (P). The P source of the control diet was dicalciumphosphate (dihydrate), while no inorganic P was added to diets 2 and 3. Diet 3 was supplemented with phytase, 720 U/kg feed. The average daily gain (ADG) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the control pigs were significantly better than those of the groups without inorganic P. Phytase improved the ADG (p < 0.01) and the FCR during the first 45 days (28-60 kg). The pigs on diet 2 were able to grow as well as the other pigs when they became heavier (between 60-100 kg), so that at the end of the trial there was no significant difference between diets 2 and 3 for these parameters. No signs of leg weakness were observed in the growing pigs on any of the diets. The density (p < 0.01) and the breaking strength (p < 0.01) of the tibia bone were reduced (p < 0.01) on low-P diets compared to control diet. Phytase supplementation improved the density of the tibia bone (p < 0.001) compared to diet 2 and tended to improve the breaking strength, but the difference was not significant. No differences were found in the ash or P contents of the fibula bones. Phosphorus emissions were markedly reduced on diets 2 and 3. On the basis of the results it is not possible to recommend to replace inorganic P totally by phytase in growing-finishing pigs on barley-SBM diets.vokMikrobifytaasin vaikutus lihasikojen kasvuun, rehunkäyttöön ja luustoon ohra-soijapohjaisella ruokinnall

Mikrobifytaasin vaikutus lihasikojen kasvuun, rehunkäyttöön ja luustoon ohra-soijapohjaisella ruokinnalla

The study evaluated the effect of a phytase supplement, produced by Aspergillus niger, on the performance of 72 growing-finishing pigs (28-101 kg). Chemical and physical parameters of the tibia and fibula bones were measured. The control diet (diet 1) was formulated to be adequate for pigs with respect to all nutrients, and diets 2 and 3 with respect to all other nutrients except total phosphorus (P). The P source of the control diet was dicalciumphosphate (dihydrate), while no inorganic P was added to diets 2 and 3. Diet 3 was supplemented with phytase, 720 U/kg feed. The average daily gain (ADG) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the control pigs were significantly better than those of the groups without inorganic P. Phytase improved the ADG (pKasvatuskokeessa 72 lihasialla tutkittiin, parantaako mikrobiologisesti tuotettu fytaasi kasvifosforin hyväksikäyttöä ja voidaanko sillä mahdollisesti korvata rehuun normaalisti lisättävä epäorgaaninen fosfori. Kokeessa oli kolme ruokintaryhmää, ja siat kasvatettiin 28 kg elopainosta 101 kg painoon. Ryhmä 1 oli kontrolliryhmä, jonka rehu täytti nykyiset ruokintanormit. Ryhmä 2 sai muuten samaa rehua, mutta rehuun ei lisätty epäorgaanista fosforia. Ryhmä 3 sai rehua, johon ei lisätty epäorgaanista fosforia, mutta lisättiin 0.024 % Aspergillus niger -mikrobikannalla tuotettua fytaasia. Koko kasvatuskauden tulokset osoittivat ryhmän 1 sikojen kasvun ja rehun hyväksikäytön olleen paremmat kuin ryhmissä 2 ja 3. Fytaasi kuitenkin paransi sikojen kasvua ja rehuhyötysuhdetta noin 60 kilon elopainoon saakka. Sen jälkeen ryhmien kasvussa ei ollut merkitseviä eroja. Sikojen teuraslaadussa ei ollut eroja. Sioilla ei esiintynyt kasvatuskauden aikana mitään näkyviä jalkavikoja. Sääriluun tiheys ja murtolujuus olivat kuitenkin kontrolliryhmässä muita ryhmiä paremmat. Fytaasilisäys paransi sääriluun tiheyttä ja murtolujuutta. Vaikka fytaasi paransikin tuotantotuloksia tietyltä osin, ei kokeen perusteella voi suositella epäorgaanisen fosforin täydellistä korvaamista fytaasilla lihasikojen ohraan ja soijaan perustuvassa ruokinnassa