Vilniaus universiteto finansų modeliavimas

The dynamics of Vilnius university budget, professors and students is presented. The model consists of three discrete time equations. The parameters were estimated and the solutions exhibit nonstable behavior what suggests necessity of external intervention.Pasiūlytas Vilniaus universiteto funkcionavimo matematinis modelis. Jį sudaro trys diskretaus laiko lygtys, aprašančios universiteto biudžetą, dėstytojų ir studentų dinamiką. Šio modelio sprendinių nestabilumo pašalinimui reikalingas išorinis poveikis

Analysis of the housing market in Lithuania

Cointegration and Granger causality tests were used for the statistical analyses of the housing market in Lithuania. The relationship between the cost of housing and afford‐ability on the one hand, and interest rates, GDP and average incomes on the other was not proven to exist using the given statistical methods. The period of increase in the cost of housing in Lithuania over the last five years is exceptional and difficult to explain using fundamental economic factors and their fluctuation trends alone. The cost of housing has made a clear departure from the economic (business) cycle; the economy has grown, however at a much slower rate than rising costs in the housing market. The reasons for this situation are record lows in interest rates, good conditions to gain financing, the liberalisation of financial markets, speculative attitudes in expectation of the introduction of the Euro, and a divide between the supply and demand of housing that is available. It should be noted that the evaluation of the influence of these factors on fluctuations in costs in the housing market is more hypothetical in nature. Santrauka Nekilnojamojo turto rinkos Lietuvoje statistinei analizei buvo naudojami kointegravimo ir Grangerio priežastingumo testai. Taikant esamus statistinius metodus nebuvo įrodyta, kad egzistavo ryšys tarp nekilnojamojo turto kainos ir įperkamumo, viena vertus, ir palūkanų normų, BVP bei vidutinių pajamų, kita vertus. Nekilnojamojo turto kainos Lietuvoje didėjimo per pastaruosius penketą metų laikotarpis yra išskirtinis ir sunkiai paaiškinamas remiantis vien pagrindiniais ekonominiais veiksniais ir jų svyravimų tendencijomis. Nekilnojamojo turto kaina aiškiai nukrypo nuo ekonomikos (verslo) ciklo; ekonomika išaugo, tačiau gerokai lėtesniu tempu nei augančios kainos nekilnojamojo turto rinkoje. Šios situacijos priežastys – rekordiškai mažos palūkanų normos, geros sąlygos gauti fi nansavimą, fi nansų rinkos liberalizavimas, spekuliaciniai požiūriai tikintis įsivesti eurą ir takoskyra tarp esamo nekilnojamojo turto pasiūlos ir paklausos. Pažymėtina, kad šių veiksnių įtakos kainų svyravimo nekilnojamojo turto rinkoje įvertinimas yra labiau hipotetinis. First published online: 18 Oct 201

Role of marker lesion when applying intravesical instillations of IL-2 for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer comparison of the therapeutic effects in two pilot studies

Comparison of the therapeutic effect of treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) after intravesical Interleukin-2 (IL-2) instillations in the presence and absence of a marker tumour. Two pilot studies were performed in patients with NMIBC. The first study (10 patients) was performed in Krakow (Poland), the second (26 patients) in Vilnius (Lithuania). In Krakow the tumours were treated with incomplete transurethral resection (TUR) leaving a marker tumour of 0.5-1.0-cm followed by IL-2 instillations (3 × 10(6) IU IL-2) on five consecutive days. In Vilnius the tumours were treated with complete TUR, followed by IL-2 instillations (9 × 10(6) IU IL-2) on five consecutive days. During 30 months follow-up, the recurrence-free survival was 5/10 (50%) and 6/26 (23%) after incomplete and complete TUR, respectively. So, the ratio of the recurrence-free survival after incomplete/complete TUR of 50/23=2.2. The median of the recurrence-free survival is >20.5 months and 7 months after incomplete and complete TUR, respectively. So, this ratio was >20.5/7= >2.9. The hazard ratio which combines both the chance of the disease recurrence and its timing for both censored and uncensored cases was 0.53, again confirming the better outcome after incomplete TUR. A possible explanation for the better therapeutic effects after incomplete TUR compared with complete TUR is that the marker tumour has tumour-associated antigens (TAA) that could lead to an immune reaction that is stimulated by local application of IL-2. After complete TUR, no TAA are available to initiate and to stimulate an immune reaction; consequently, local IL-2 therapy is less effective after complete TUR. The results of these two pilot studies have led to the recent start of a randomised prospective clinical trial in which therapeutic effects of local IL-2 therapy after complete and incomplete TUR are compare

Apie geresnio gydymo būdo parinkimą

A new procedure for selecting the better of two binomial populations by using sequential analysis proposed. It is based on well known Play-the-Winner(PW) and Vector-at-a Time (VT) procedures and constructed to avoid some disadvantages of PW and VT rules.Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamas geresnio gydymo būdo parinkimo nuosekliosios analizės metodais uždavinys. Pasiūlyta ir išnagrinėta nauja procedūra. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad pasiūlytoji procedūra kai kuriais atvejais duoda geresnius rezultatus

A Model of the psychosocial environment for integrated education opportunities of the disabled in Lithuania : Laimutė Samsonienė ... [et al.]

The positive attitude of people with and without disabilities towards their interrelations can create favorable psychosocial preconditions for optimal interrelations in the integrated social system. On the basis of the theoretical model, the article presents comparative data of a research which served as a basis for the model of psychosocial preconditions and possible obstacles for the integrated education of the disabled in Lithuania. Materials and methods: An anonymous survey was carried out. It included 393 teachers working in not integrated (276), integrated (15) and special (102) schools and 2471 children from the same schools (1958, 126 and 382, respectively). Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS. Results: About 57% of teachers from integrated and 93% from unintegrated comprehensive schools and the absolute majority of teachers from all types of schools (about 78%) had low or very low knowledge about the disabled. Both disabled and able-bodied schoolchildren showed positive feelings towards each other and were inclined to communicate among themselves. Many able-bodied schoolchildren (78%) as well as those with disabilities (68%) have little knowledge about the disabled. Conclusions: The practical value of the research is determined by: 1) the data which confirm a positive interpersonal relationship of schoolchildren with and without disabilities as well as their feelings towards each other, and 2) the data which propose that the general attitude of teachers from comprehensive schools to the integration of the disabled is positive and that they experience a great need for knowledge about the problems of the disabled

Psichosocialinės aplinkos modelis integruotam neįgaliųjų ugdymui Lietuvoje

The positive attitude of people with and without disabilities towards their interrelations can create favorable psychosocial preconditions for optimal interrelations in the integrated social system. On the basis of the theoretical model, the article presents comparative data of a research which served as a basis for the model of psychosocial preconditions and possible obstacles for the integrated education of the disabled in Lithuania. Materials and methods: An anonymous survey was carried out. It included 393 teachers working in not integrated (276), integrated (15) and special (102) schools and 2471 children from the same schools (1958, 126 and 382, respectively). Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS. Results: About 57% of teachers from integrated and 93% from unintes-rated comprehensive schools and the absolute majority of teachers from all types of schools (about 78%) had low or very low knowledge about the disabled. Both disabled and able-bodied schoolchildren showed positive feelings towards each other and were inclined to communicate among themselves. Many able-bodied schoolchildren (78%) as well as those with disabilities (68%) have little knowledge about the disabled. Conclusions: The practical value of the research is determined by: 1) the data which confirm a positive interpersonal relationship of schoolchildren with and without disabilities as well as their feelings towards each other, and 2) the data which propose that the general attitude of teachers from comprehensive schools to the integration of the disabled is positive and that they experience a great need for knowledge about the problems of the disabled

Psichosocialinės aplinkos modelis integruotam neįgaliųjų ugdymui Lietuvoje

The positive attitude of people with and without disabilities towards their interrelations can create favorable psychosocial preconditions for optimal interrelations in the integrated social system. On the basis of the theoretical model, the article presents comparative data of a research which served as a basis for the model of psychosocial preconditions and possible obstacles for the integrated education of the disabled in Lithuania. Materials and methods: An anonymous survey was carried out. It included 393 teachers working in not integrated (276), integrated (15) and special (102) schools and 2471 children from the same schools (1958, 126 and 382, respectively). Statistical analysis was carried out using SAS. Results: About 57% of teachers from integrated and 93% from unintes-rated comprehensive schools and the absolute majority of teachers from all types of schools (about 78%) had low or very low knowledge about the disabled. Both disabled and able-bodied schoolchildren showed positive feelings towards each other and were inclined to communicate among themselves. Many able-bodied schoolchildren (78%) as well as those with disabilities (68%) have little knowledge about the disabled. Conclusions: The practical value of the research is determined by: 1) the data which confirm a positive interpersonal relationship of schoolchildren with and without disabilities as well as their feelings towards each other, and 2) the data which propose that the general attitude of teachers from comprehensive schools to the integration of the disabled is positive and that they experience a great need for knowledge about the problems of the disabled

Nevomelanocytic atypia detection by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy

Background and objective In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a promising novel technology for non-invasive early diagnostics of cutaneous melanoma. However, the possibility to detect melanocytic atypia in nevi by means of in vivo RCM remains unknown. The aim of the study was to evaluate the significance of in vivo RCM features of melanocytic atypia for the diagnosis of melanocytic nevi, dysplastic nevi and cutaneous melanoma. Materials and methods A total of 138 melanocytic skin lesions comprising 25 melanocytic nevi, 69 dysplastic nevi and 44 melanomas were analyzed by means of dermoscopy, in vivo RCM and routine histopathology. In vivo RCM images were analyzed for the arrangement of keratinocytes in epidermis, pagetoid cells and junctional melanocytic nests and correlated refractivity aspects of nests with histopathology. Results Separately and all together taken the in vivo RCM features of melanocytic atypia were significant in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant melanocytic skin lesions, though none of the features was significant in discriminating nevi without cytologic atypia of dysplastic nevi. In vivo RCM feature of dense cell clusters corresponded with melanin containing nevomelanocytes on histopathology though exact correspondence of non-homogeneous and atypical sparse cell clusters remained questionable. Conclusions Nevus with histopathologically confirmed nevomelanocytic atypia (dysplastic nevus) could not be distinguished from nevus without atypia using analyzed in vivo RCM features of melanocytic atypia. More accurate diagnostics by means of in vivo RCM needs further investigation on reflectance of single and nested cutaneous melanocytes in benign and malignant skin lesions