CONSUMER HOME-USE EVALUATION OF A DEVELOPED LEAN GROUND BEEF PRODUCT

This study reports findings on the acceptance of a new lean ground beef product. Tested products involved 1) a Developed Lean product (less than 10% fat plus quality enhancers), 2) a Lean product (less than 10% fat without quality enhancers), and 3) a Market product (slightly more than 20% fat). These products were home delivered on a rotating basis to a random sample of 91 households, one product each week for three weeks. Product traits were evaluated by the household meal preparer at three stages of home use: preparing (5 traits), cooking (3 traits), and eating (4 traits), and by other household members at the final consumption stage of eating. More favorable ratings were observed for both Developed Lean and Lean products over the Market product at the preparing and cooking stages. Ratings at the eating stage were similar between the Developed Lean and the Market products indicating a favorable response to the Developed Lean product.Consumer/Household Economics,

CONSUMER HOME-USE EVALUATION OF A DEVELOPED LEAN GROUND BEEF PRODUCT

This study reports findings on the acceptance of a new lean ground beef product. Tested products involved 1) a Developed Lean product (less than 10% fat plus quality enhancers), 2) a Lean product (less than 10% fat without quality enhancers), and 3) a Market product (slightly more than 20% fat). These products were home delivered on a rotating basis to a random sample of 91 households, one product each week for three weeks. Product traits were evaluated by the household meal preparer at three stages of home use: preparing (5 traits), cooking (3 traits), and eating (4 traits), and by other household members at the final consumption stage of eating. More favorable ratings were observed for both Developed Lean and Lean products over the Market product at the preparing and cooking stages. Ratings at the eating stage were similar between the Developed Lean and the Market products indicating a favorable response to the Developed Lean product

Agricultural Research Bulletins, Nos. 489-521

Volume 34, Bulletins 489-521. (489) Ownership of Iowa's Farmland; (490) Identification and Measurement of Inefficiencies in Leasing Systems; (491) Comparison of Resource Returns of Well-Organized Iowa Farms with Selected Nonfarm Opportunities; (492) Iowa Livestock Producers' Choice of Markets; (493) Methodology of Programming Small Watershed Development; (494) North Central Regional Potassium Studies: I. Field Studies with Alfalfa; (495) Organoleptic, Chemical, Physical and Microscopic Characteristics of Muscles in Eight Beef Carcasses, Differing in Age of Animal, Carcass Grade and Extent of Cooking; (496) Specialization and Pork Production Methods in Relation to Over-All Farm Resource Use and Integration; (497) Maternal Employment, Family Relations and Selected Personality, School-Related and Social-Development Characteristics of Children; (498) Soil Erosion Control in Western Iowa: Progress and Problems; (499) Response of Corn Yields in a Planosol Soil to Surface Drainage, Cropping System and Variable Fertilizer Treatments; (500) Description and Measurement of Rates of Early Mortality in the Pig; (501) Appraisal of the Federal Feed--Grains Programs; (502) Production, Income and Resource Changes from Farm Consolidation; (503) North Central Regional Potassium Studies; (504) Farm Size and Cost Relationships in Relation to Recent Machine Technology; (505) Poultry Supply Functions (The Relation of Technical Change to Output of Eggs, Broilers and Turkeys); (506) Derivation of Hydrographs for Small Watersheds from Measurable Physical Characteristics; (507) Short-Run Corn Supply and Fertilizer Demand Functions Based on Production Functions Derived from Experimental Data: a Static Analysis; (508) Occupational Plans of Iowa Farm Boys; (509) Factors Related to Employment of Wives in a Rural Iowa County; (510) Factors Related to Interreligious Marriages in Iowa, 1953-57; (511) Interregional Competition and Prospective Shifts in the Location of Livestock Slaughter; (512) Survival Rates Among Religiously Homogamous and Interreligious Marriages; (513) Effects of Light and Soil Moisture on Forest Tree Seedling Establishment; (514) Analysis of Direct-Payment Methods for Hogs to Increase Hog Producers' Incomes; (515) Distributed Lag Inventory Analyses; (516) Migration and Adjustment of Farm and Nonfarm Families and Adolescents in Cedar Rapids, Iowa; (517) Beef-Cattle Production Functions in Forage Utilization; (518) Production Functions and Methods of Specifying Optimum Fertilizer Use Under Various Uncertainty Conditions for Hay; (519) Profit-Maximizing Plans for Soil-Conserving Farming in the Spring Valley Creek Watershed in Southwest Iowa; (520) Estimation of Soil Moisture Under Corn; (521) Regional Changes in Grain Production: An Application of Spatial Linear Programming</p

Agricultural Research Bulletins, Nos. 413-447

Volume 32, Bulletins 413-447. (413) What Does the Iowa Farmer Want from Radio Market News?; (414) Estimate of the Volume of Farm Dwelling Construction in Iowa; (415) Retail Lumber Establishment and Farm Dwelling Construction in Iowa; (416) Farm Rental Practices and Problems in the Midwest; (417) How Do Iowa Farmers Obtain and Use Market News?; (418) Incomplete Block Designs with Blocks of Two Plots; (419) Economic Efficiency in Pasture Production and Improvement in Southern Iowa; (420) Load Characteristics of Southeastern Iowa Farms Using Electric Ranges; (421) Objective Grade Specifications for Slaughter Barrow and Gilt Carcasses; (422) Comparison of Costs of Service and Self-Service Methods in Retail Meat Departments; (423) Costs, Returns and Capital Requirements for Soil-Conserving Farming on Rented Farms in Western Iowa; (424) Crop Response Surfaces and Economic Optima in Fertilizer Use; (425) Resource Returns and Productivity Coefficients in Selected Farming Areas of Iowa, Montana and Alabama; (426) Optimum Combinations of Competitive Crops at Particular Locations (Applications of Linear Programming: 1); (427) Application of Input-Output Analysis to a Simple Model Emphasizing Agriculture (A Study of the Interdependence of Agriculture and Other Sectors of the National Economy; (428) Farm Size Adjustments in Iowa and Cost Economies in Crop Production for Farms of Different Sizes; (429) Costs and Returns for Soil-Conserving Systems of Farming on Ida-Monona Soils in Iowa; (430) Population Change and Net Migration in the North Central States, 1940-1950; (431) Economic Instability and Choices Involving Income and Risk in Livestock and Poultry Production; (432) Relationships Between Lard Production Methods, Volumes of Production, Costs and Characteristics of Lard Produced in Selected Packing Plants; (433) Marginal Productivity of Resources and Imputation of Shares for Cash and Share Rented Farms; (434) Nutrition of 9-, 10-, and 11-Year-Old Public School Children in Iowa, Kansas and Ohio; (435) Optimum Allocation of Resources Between Pasture Improvement and Other Opportunities on Southern Iowa Farms; (436) Physical and Mathematical Theories of the Tile and Ditch Drainage and their Usefulness in Design; (437) Optimum Combinations of Livestock Enterprises and Management Practices on Farms Including Supplementary Dairy and Poultry Enterprises (An Application of Linear Programming); (438) Application of Expectation Models to Livestock and Crop Prices and Products; (439) Combinations of Rotations and Fertilization to Maximize Crop Profits on Farms in North-Central Iowa (An Application of Linear Programming); (440) Optimum Farm Plans for Beginning Farmers on Tama-Muscatine Soils; (441) Production Functions, Isoquants, Isoclines and Economic Optima in Corn Fertilization for Experiments with Two and Three Variable Nutrients; (442) Least-Cost Rations and Optimum Marketing Weights for Broilers; (443) Least-Cost Rations and Optimum Marketing Weights for Turkeys; (444) Milk Production Functions, Hay/Grain Substitution Rates and Economic Optima in Dairy Cow Rations; (445) Analysis of the Efficiencies of Alternative Farm Leasing Arrangements (An Application of Linear Programming); (446) Effects of the USDA Corn Storage Program on Corn Carryover Stocks and Corn Utilization; (447) Uncertainty, Expectations and Investment Decisions for a Sample of Central Iowa Farmers</p

Religiousness and Social Support: A Study in Secular Norway

Previous research has shown that religiousness is related to social support, but most studies on this subject have been conducted in highly religious contexts. In the secular culture of Norway, we investigated the level of perceived social support among religious and non-religious individuals using the scale from the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Of the 3,000 randomly selected persons aged 18–75 years, 653 (22 %) participated in this cross-sectional postal questionnaire study in 2009. The results showed that the association between religiousness and social support differed by age, and was moderated by gender and by one’s view of life enrichment. Among older adults (60–75 years), non-religious people reported higher levels on all five dimensions of social support compared to religious people, and for affectionate support, positive social interaction and tangible support this relationship depended on high view of life enrichment. In contrast, no differences in social support were seen among middle aged adults (40–59 years). Gender differences in social support were found in the younger adults (18–39 years), as religious men reported more tangible and emotional support compared to non-religious men, while the opposite was found for women. Results are discussed based on previous empirical findings on religiousness and social support, as well as the role of religiousness in society