LATE-NC staging in routine neuropathologic diagnosis : an update

An international consensus report in 2019 recommended a classification system for limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC). The suggested neuropathologic staging system and nomenclature have proven useful for autopsy practice and dementia research. However, some issues remain unresolved, such as cases with unusual features that do not fit with current diagnostic categories. The goal of this report is to update the neuropathologic criteria for the diagnosis and staging of LATE-NC, based primarily on published data. We provide practical suggestions about how to integrate available genetic information and comorbid pathologies [e.g., Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic changes (ADNC) and Lewy body disease]. We also describe recent research findings that have enabled more precise guidance on how to differentiate LATE-NC from other subtypes of TDP-43 pathology [e.g., frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)], and how to render diagnoses in unusual situations in which TDP-43 pathology does not follow the staging scheme proposed in 2019. Specific recommendations are also made on when not to apply this diagnostic term based on current knowledge. Neuroanatomical regions of interest in LATE-NC are described in detail and the implications for TDP-43 immunohistochemical results are specified more precisely. We also highlight questions that remain unresolved and areas needing additional study. In summary, the current work lays out a number of recommendations to improve the precision of LATE-NC staging based on published reports and diagnostic experience.Peer reviewe

Severity of alcohol use and problem behaviors among school-based youths in Puerto Rico Magnitud del consumo de alcohol y comportamientos problemáticos en jóvenes escolarizados en Puerto Rico

OBJECTIVE: The present study sought to: (a) categorize youths into groups based on their level of alcohol use and number of symptoms of alcohol abuse and dependence defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), and (b) examine whether these categories were associated with other problem behaviors in which youths engage (marijuana use, sexual intercourse, and having been arrested or having trouble with the law). METHODS: The study is based on a cross-sectional survey administered to 972 school-based youths from one middle school and one high school in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Youths were categorized based on their alcohol use and alcohol problems. These categories were then examined for associations with lifetime marijuana use, lifetime sexual intercourse, and having been arrested or having had trouble with the law in the past year. The original eight categories of alcohol use were collapsed into six categories based on the results. RESULTS: For virtually every group characterized by higher severity of alcohol use and alcohol problems, researchers found an increasing prevalence of marijuana use in their lifetimes, increasing odds of sexual intercourse in their lifetimes, and having had trouble with the law in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: Knowing about variations in alcohol use and alcohol problems may be instrumental in measuring the degree to which youths may also be engaging in a range of other elevated risk behaviors and a progression to more serious forms of alcohol and drug use.OBJETIVOS: Se buscó: a) categorizar a los jóvenes según su nivel de consumo de alcohol y el número de síntomas de abuso y dependencia del alcohol definidos en el Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM-IV); y b) analizar si esas categorías están asociadas con otros comportamientos problemáticos de los jóvenes (consumo de marihuana, relaciones sexuales y arrestos o problemas con la ley). MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal basado en una encuesta aplicada a 972 jóvenes que asistían a una escuela secundaria y una preparatoria en San Juan, Puerto Rico. Los jóvenes se categorizaron según el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y los problemas del alcoholismo. Se buscaron asociaciones entre esas categorías y el consumo de marihuana y las relaciones sexuales -ambas en toda la vida-, así como con los arrestos o problemas con la ley en el año anterior a la encuesta. A partir de los resultados, las ocho categorías iniciales según el consumo de alcohol se reagruparon en seis. RESULTADOS: Prácticamente en todos los grupos caracterizados por un mayor consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y mayores problemas del alcoholismo se observó un aumento en la prevalencia de consumo de marihuana y la probabilidad de haber tenido relaciones sexuales, ambas en toda la vida, así como de haber tenido problemas con la ley durante el año anterior. CONCLUSIONES: Conocer las variaciones en el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y los problemas del alcoholismo puede servir para medir el grado en que los jóvenes pueden involucrarse en diversos comportamientos de mayor riesgo y avanzar a formas más peligrosas de consumo de alcohol y drogas

Sermon on the ploughers. : 18 January, 1549 /

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Combining reality capture technologies for construction defect detection: A case study

Abstract: Defects that occur during the construction process account for a large percentage of overall defects in the built environment. Defects waste time and money, and affect the overall performance of the built environment. These problems can be minimized with proactive application of advanced scanners, sensing, and data modelling techniques. Researchers in the departments of Architecture, Robotics, and Civil and Environmental Engineering at Carnegie Mellon University are investigating ways to integrate suites of emerging evaluation technologies to help find, record, manage, and limit the impact of construction defects. As part of this effort, the researchers have conducted a case study on a construction site near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The case study serves to identify challenges in applying specific reality capture technologies and in coordinating suites of these tools on construction sites. The researchers conducted the following activities: creation of a 3D design model, generation of strategies and mechanisms to create 3D as-built models; establishment of specific measurement goals; creation of laser scanner and sensor planning software; targeted use of laser scanners and wireless embedded sensing for capturing as-built data; and analysis of captured data for possible defects. This paper discusses the process of deploying sensing and scanning tools on the case study construction site, and the process of implementing components of an integrated early defect detection system