Susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas de Staphylococcus spp. aisladas del personal de enfermería de la unidad de neonatología del Hospital Universitario “Antonio Patricio de Alcalá” Cumaná Venezuela | Antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. Strains isolated from the nursing personnel of neonatology unit in the university hospital “Antonio Patricio de Alcalá”, Cumaná, Venezuela

Se evaluó la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de cepas de Staphylococcus spp. aisladas de fosas nasales y manos de 19 profesionales de enfermería en la unidad de neonatología del Hospital Universitario “Antonio Patricio de Alcalá”, Cumaná, estado Sucre, durante el periodo julio-agosto 2009. La identificación bacteriana se realizó mediante las técnicas microbiológicas convencionales. Para determinar la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se empleó el método de difusión en disco, según los lineamientos del instituto de estándares de laboratorios clínicos. Los resultados mostraron que el 21,05% eran portadores de Staphylococcus aureus y 78,95% de Staphylococcus coagulasa negativos (SCN). El mayor número de aislamientos se obtuvo en las fosas nasales (50,00%). Con respecto a la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana, a nivel de fosas nasales se encontraron dos cepas de S. aureus resistentes a Oxacilina 66,67% y 33,33% de resistencia a Ciprofloxacina y Eritromicina, respectivamente. Los SCN mostraron resistencia a Eritromicina (90,00%), Clindamicina (50,00%), Ciprofloxacina (40,00%) y Oxacilina (30,00%). Las cepas de S. aureus aisladas de manos resultaron resistentes a todos los antibióticos evaluados (50,00%); de los SCN aislados de manos, se obtuvo que el mayor porcentaje de resistencia se correspondió con Eritromicina (91,67%), mientras que, Clindamicina, Oxacilina y Ciprofloxacina exhibieron porcentajes de resistencia de 58,33%, 50,00% y 41,67% respectivamente. Este estudio revela la presencia de cepas de Saphylococcus spp. resistentes a Meticilina y otros antimicrobianos en el personal de enfermería de la unidad de neonatología, y que la colonización de estas bacterias incrementa la posibilidad de transmisión de cepas del personal al paciente, y entre estos y la comunidad.PALABRAS CLAVE: Portador nasal, resistencia antimicrobiana, infección intrahospitalaria.ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. strains isolated in nostrils and hands from 19 nursing professionals, associated to the neonatology unit of the University Hospital “Antonio Patricio de Alcalá”, Cumana, Sucre state, during the period July - August 2009. The bacterial identification was carried out by conventional microbiological methods. To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, the disk diffusion method was used, according to the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute guideline. Results showed that 21.05% of individual samples were of Staphylococcus aureus and 78.95% were coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS). Most isolations were obtained from the nostrils (50.00%). Regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility, strains of S. aureus from the nostrils were resistant to Oxacilline 66.67% and 33.33% to Ciprofloxacin and Erythromycin. CNS were resistant to Erythromycin (90.00%), Clindamycin (50.00%), Ciprofloxacin (40.00%) and Oxacilline (30.00%). The S. aureus strains isolated from hands resulted resistant to all the studied antibiotics (50.00%), and in the CNS isolated from hands, most resistance was related to Erythromycin (91.67%), while Clindamycin, Oxacilline and Ciprofloxacin showed resistance percentages of 58.33%, 50.00% and 41.67%, respectively. This study reveals the presence of methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus spp. among the nursing personnel of the neonatal unit, and the colonization of these bacteria increases the likelihood of transmission of strains from staff to patient, and among them and the community.KEY WORDS: Nasal carrier, antimicrobial resistance, nosocomial infection

Comorbidities in a sample of adults with HIV in Puerto Rico: an exploratory study.

Background: Puerto Rico is among the areas with the highest estimated rates of people living with HIV in the United States. Despite the epidemiologic data available, there is limited real-world information that can help understand the comorbidities of people with HIV. In this study, we describe common comorbidities among adults with HIV attending treatment clinics in Puerto Rico. Methods: An exploratory, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at five HIV clinics in Puerto Rico. A random sample of medical records was reviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographics, morbidity, and clinical characteristics. Multivariate analyses were conducted to explore comorbidities by age and sex. Results: A total of 250 (179 men; 71 women) medical records were reviewed. Participants\u27 mean age was 47.9 years and on average they had been living with HIV for 9 years. Most (97.6%) had at least one comorbidity. The most common comorbidities were dyslipidemia and hypertension. Men were more likely to have been diagnosed with alcohol misuse while women were more likely to have been diagnosed with obesity, human papillomavirus (HPV), hypothyroidism, and osteoporosis. Participants younger than 50 years of age were more likely to have history of alcohol misuse while older individuals (50 years and old) were more likely to have been diagnosed with dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Adjusting by sex and age, women were more likely to have been diagnosed with obesity and depression and those older than 50 years were more likely to have had a diagnosis of dyslipidemia, hypertension, HPV, and diabetes. Conclusions: This is one of the few studies assessing comorbidities among adults with HIV in Puerto Rico, among Latino/Hispanics within the United States, and Latin America. Consistent with other studies, cardiovascular diseases are common among adults with HIV in Puerto Rico. Findings support the need for awareness and real-world evidence about comorbidities among people with HIV when implementing screenings and prescribing drugs

A plant virus causes symptoms through the deployment of a host-mimicking protein domain to attract the insect vector.

During compatible plant-virus interactions, viruses can interfere with the normal developmental program of their hosts, leading to the appearance of phenotypes that we usually identify as ‘’symptoms of infection’’ (leaf curling and yellowing, stunting, dwarfism, necrosis). Despite their relevance, the molecular mechanisms underlying symptom induction and their biological meaning, if any, remain poorly understood. By using tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, Geminivirus) as model, we have isolated C4 as the main protein responsible for the induction of TYLCV-associated symptoms in tomato. C4, by mimicking a host protein domain, the Conserved C-termini in LAZY1 protein family (CCL) domain, physically interacts with the RCC1-like domain-containing plant proteins (RLDs). By interacting with the RLDs through the CCL-like domain, C4 displaces one endogenous interactor, LAZY (LZY), interfering with RLD functions in processes such as auxin signaling and endomembrane trafficking, which correlates with the manifestation of symptoms. Surprisingly, we observed that appearance of C4-mediated symptoms in tomato plants plays no major role in viral replication nor movement, but they serve as attractants for the insect vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, which preferentially feeds on tomato plants exhibiting strong symptoms of viral infection. These results suggest that, during plant-virus co-evolution, symptoms may have appeared as a strategy to promote viral transmission by the insect vector, at least in some specific plant-virus-vector pathosystems.Work in RLD’s lab is partially funded by the Excellence Strategy of the German Federal and State Governments, the ERC-COG GemOmics (101044142), the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research foundation) (project numbers LO 2314/1-1 and SBF 1101/3, C08), and a Royal Society Newton Advance grant (NA140481 – NAF\R2\180857). EA is the recipient of a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant 896910-GeminiDECODER). Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Rediseño del sistema de control de operaciones de crédito rural en una Institución de Banca de desarrollo

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo propone un rediseño al proceso de trámite de operaciones de crédito rural con la finalidad de hacer más eficiente el sistema de control mediante el trámite y revisión electrónica de las soluciones, buscando la mejora en la oportunidad del crédito y la reducción de costos en el poceso de la disposición de las operaciones en una institución de banca de desarrollo

Alien Registration- Hayes, Nelson B. (Portland, Cumberland County)

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HIV Disclosure Practices to Family among Mexican and Puerto Rican Sexual Minority Men with HIV in the Continental USA: Intersections of Sexual Orientation and HIV Stigma

Disclosing a seropositive HIV status still is a complex process of assessing the risks, benefits, and potential personal and interpersonal outcomes associated with disclosure, such as stigma, rejection, or emotional support. We examined HIV disclosure practices to family and intersectional stigma related to HIV and sexual orientation among Latino sexual minority men (LSMM) of Mexican and Puerto Rican origin with HIV in the continental USA. Guided by Framework Analysis, we present data from 54 interviews with 33 LSMM participants in HIV care engagement interventions, and 21 project staff implementing the interventions. LSMM disclosed their HIV status to family seeking support. They applied stigma management techniques to manage the information communicated to family about their HIV status, including selective disclosure to some family members, conveying strategic information about the significance of having HIV, non-disclosure, or partial disclosure, silence and deceptions. LSMM HIV disclosure practices to family encompassed appraisals of intersectional stigma related to their sexual orientation and HIV, assessing the potential outcomes of disclosure, and the preservation of family ties