Asosiasi Konsorsium Bakteri Pseudomonas Pseudoalcaligenes dan Micrococus Luteus dengan Lamtoro (Leucaena Leucocephala (Lamk.) De Wit) dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Bioremediasi Minyak Bumi

Penelitian mengenai Asosiasi Konsorsium Bakteri Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes dan Micrococus luteus dengan Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala (Lamk.) de Wit) Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Bioremediasi Minyak Bumi telah dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2012 di area jurusan Biologi, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Jurusan Biologi dan Laboratorium Kimia Analisa Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sriwijaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kerja sama antara tanaman Leucaena leucocephala dengan konsorsium bakteri Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes dan Micrococus luteus dalam proses bioremediasi minyak bumi dengan menghitung penurunan nilai TPH, jumlah sel bakteri dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 kali ulangan. Dimana penanaman lamtoro dilakukan setelah 4 minggu inokulasi bakteri. Variabel yang diamati yaitu penurunan nilai TPH, jumlah populasi bakteri dan pertumbuhan tanaman. Hasil yang didapat, menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan B3 (inokulasi bakteri Micrococus luteus dan Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes dan penanaman lamtoro) menghasilkan rata-rata jumlah sel bakteri tertinggi setiap minggunya, pertambahan berat basah tertinggi mencapai 9,67 ± 2,357 dan penurunan rata-rata nilai TPH tertinggi yaitu sebesar 2,85%. Sedangkan perlakuan yang terendah pada perhitungan rata-rata jumlah sel bakteri terdapat pada B0 (bioreaktor) dan pada pertambahan berat basah tanaman , B1 (lamtoro saja) memiliki nilai yang terendah yaitu 1,55%. Konsorsium bakteri Micrococus luteus dan Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes menunjukkan kerja sama yang baik dengan lamtoro dalam upaya meningkatkan bioremediasi minyak bumi

Perbandingan Keanekaragaman Spesies dan Kelimpahan Arthropoda Predator Penghuni Tanah di Sawah Lebak yang Diaplikasi dan Tanpa Aplikasi Insektisida

Species Diversity and Abundance Comparison of the Soil-dwelling predatory-arthropods Inhabiting Fields Applied by Insecticide and without Insecticide Application. Studies on soil-dwelling predatory arthropods were carried out in lowland areas of South Sumatra, with objectives to analyze the species diversity and abundance of the predatoryarthropods inhabiting fields applied by synthetic insecticide, bioinsecticide, and without insecticide application. The predatory arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps. Indices of diversity and community similarities were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that the arthropods inhabiting field without insecticide application had the highest diversity and abundance compared to other treatments. Predatory community similarities between those on the field without insecticide application and applied by bioinsecticide were higher compared to the fields applied by synthetic insecticide. KEY WORDS: diversity, abundance, predatory arthropod

International survey of Cronobacter sakazakii and other Cronobacter spp. in follow up formulas and infant food

A coordinated survey for Cronobacter and related organisms in powdered infant formula, follow up formula and infant foods was undertaken by 8 laboratories in 7 countries in recognition of and in response to the data needs identified in an FAO/WHO call for data in order to develop global risk management guidance for these products. The products (domestic and imported) were purchased from the local market and were categorised according to their principle ingredients. A total of 290 products were analysed using a standardised procedure of pre-enrichment in 225 ml Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), followed by enrichment in Enterobacteriaceae Enrichment (EE) broth, plating on the chromogenic Cronobacter Druggan–Forsythe–Iversen (DFI) agar and presumptive identification with ID 32 E. Presumptive Cronobacter isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Aerobic plate counts (APC) of the products were also determined on nutrient agar. Fourteen samples had APC > 105 cfu/g, 3 of which contained probiotic cultures. C. sakazakii was isolated from 27 products; 3/91 (3%) follow up formulas (as defined by Codex Alimentarius Commission), and 24/199 (12%) infant foods and drinks. Hence C. sakazakii was less prevalent in follow up formula than other foods given to infants over the same age range. A range of other bacteria were also isolated from follow up formulas, including Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Serratia ficaria. There was significant variation in the reconstitution instructions for follow up formulas. These included using water at temperatures which would enable bacterial growth. Additionally, the definition of follow up formula varied between countries

Dyspepsia in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Gastropathy

Background: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) gastropathy is a common complication, which has characteristic symptoms of dyspepsia syndrome. Mostly, it includes epigastric discomfort with bloating and nausea. The aim of this study was to provide evidences that clinical symptoms of dyspepsia are related to macroscopic changes of gastric form in rats, which are expected to be applied in human. Method: The study was conducted in 20 white rats (Rattus norvegicus, Sprague-Dawley strain) at the Department of Pathology and Clinical Reproduction, Bogor Agricultural University between January and December 2008. The rats were divided to treatment group and control group and each group consisted of 10 rats. Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA/aspirin) was administered at 400 mg dose, diluted in distilled water and was given to the treatment group using gastric cannula, once daily for three days period; while the control group had received aquabidest only. Subsequently, necropsies were conducted for both groups, followed by macroscopic observation and measurement of sagittal and transversal diameter. Gastric incisions along the minor curvature were performed in both groups to recognize any macroscopic changes of gastric mucosa. ANOVA test was utilized for data analysis, which was followed by Duncan test when the results were significant. Results: Gastric diameters in treatment group with positive lesion were significantly different from the control group and the treatment group with negative lesion on anthrum/pylorus region, with p < 0.05. Conclusion: Prominent gastric dilatation at anthrum/pylorus region found in the treatment group may become the initial cause and signs of dyspepsia in human

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Malt dan Sumber Eksplan yang Berbeda terhadap Induksi Tunas secara Langsung pada Limau Kue\u27 (Citrus SP)

Penelitian pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak malt dan sumber eksplan yang berbeda terhadap induksi tunas secara langsung pada Limau Kue\u27 (Citrus sp) secara in vitro telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak malt dan sumber eksplan terhadap induksi tunas secara langsung. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak malt dan sumber eksplan terhadap induksi tunas serta sebagai langkah awal propagasi Limau Kue\u27. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan penambahan ekstrak malt dengan 6 taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0, 100, 150, 200, 250 dan 300 mg/L. Semua kombinasi media perlakuan digunakan untuk menanam eksplan (hipokotil, epikotil dan kotiledon) yang berasal dari biji Limau Kue\u27 yang dikecambahkan secara steril, masing-masing diulang 2 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kotiledon dan hipokotil, semua perlakuan yang dicobakan belum mampu menginduksi tumbuhnya tunas, tetapi hanya penginduksi tumbuhnya kalus. Tunas tumbuh hanya pada eksplan epikotil. Tunas paling cepat muncul pada perlakuan M3 (penambahan ekstrak malt 150 mg/L) yaitu 6,5 hari setelah penanaman dengan tinggi kalus yang mencapai paling panjang yaitu 28,9 mm

Perbandingan keanekaragaman spesies dan kelimpahan arthropoda predator penghuni tanah di sawah lebak yang diaplikasi dan tanpa aplikasi insektisida

Studies on soil-dwelling predatory arthropods were carried out in lowland areas of South Sumatra, with objectives to analyze the species diversity and abundance of the predatoryarthropods inhabiting fields applied by synthetic insecticide, bioinsecticide, and without insecticide application. The predatory arthropods were sampled using pitfall traps. Indices of diversity and community similarities were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that the arthropods inhabiting field without insecticide application had the highest diversity and abundance compared to other treatments. Predatory community similarities between those on the field without insecticide application and applied by bioinsecticide were higher compared to the fields applied by synthetic insecticide.</span