Smart management of waste from construction sites: mobile application technology in the city Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Construction and demolition waste (CDW) can be defined as a mixture of surplus materials generated from construction, renovation and demolition activities, including site cleaning, road works and demolition (Shen et al., 2004). Inadequate management of CDW, affects the environment, the economy and society (Jin et al. 2019). Besides increasing construction costs and real estate prices, CDW can have major negative impacts on the environment (Borja et al., 2019), namely the contamination of soil and watercourses with heavy metals that can cause diseases in the population and wild animals. These negative impacts are of major importance in sensitive natural environments, justifying the relevance of this research in the city of Manaus, in the central Amazon, Brazil. A previous study involved the quantification of CDW produced at 4 construction sites in the city of Manaus, and the costs involved in its management and disposal (Oliveira et al., 2019). The results showed that high quantities of wood and paper waste are produced, with considerable disposal costs, in spite of the high potential to recycle and re-use these types of waste. Metal waste was found to be the only CDW that was being adequately recycled in the construction sites under study, showing the importance of the implementation of an organized system to collect and recycle CDW in the city of Manaus (Oliveira et al., 2019). A similar case study conducted in the city of Santiago, capital of Chile, led to a quantification of the CDW volume for further management improvement proposals (Bravo et al., 2019). According to this study, in Santiago the generated volume of CDW per building area is 0.186 m3/m2, with a management cost of 75.47 US$/m3 (Bravo et al., 2019). These values are of the same magnitude as the ones found in the research study conducted in Manaus (Oliveira et al., 2019). Ogunmakinde et al. (2019) describe CDW management in Nigeria, highlighting the existing corruption and unethical practices of large companies who prefer to dig and bury the CDW in clandestine landfills, refusing to comply with environmental laws to avoid loss of profits. This lack of social and environmental responsibility in construction companies is unfortunately also a reality in Brazil. However, surveillance and monitoring of CDW production and disposal may not be the solution to combat clandestine landfill, as demonstrated in the study of Tsiliyannis et al. (2019), conducted in Athens, Greece. Environmental education and good practice are the best weapons we have in environmental management, and adequate CDW management requires a change in the behavior and attitude of each citizen (Mak et al., 2019). The studies conducted in the present investigation sought to define the current model of CDW management in the construction sites of the city of Manaus, its advantages and disadvantages, in order to verify the possibility of implementing a Circular Economy system (Farooque et al., 2019). This system could result in cost savings in civil construction and in the reduction of negative environmental impacts caused by the illegal disposal in clandestine landfills, which harms the lives of the citizens of the city of Manaus and the surrounding environment, the Amazon rainforest itself. Circular Economy CDW management systems have already been implemented in European cities (Fratini et al., 2019; Kravchenko et al., 2019), so why not extend this practice to cities in Latin America, which are also affected by the environmental and financial impacts of inadequate waste management on urban construction sites. In order to implement a Circular Economy model, construction companies must be adequately involved in this system, for example through the promotion of sharing and renting equipment, customers access and involvement, or the redesign of a product in order to make it more durable and easier to reassemble if repair is needed (Kravchenko et al., 2019). Scientific initiatives to develop new materials using CDW raw materials are very important for the sustainability of CDW management, such as ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) which uses a fraction of waste together with natural sand (Wang et al., 2019). Technological developments are of the utmost importance in the process of improving environmental management in a Circular Economy model: digital networks and robotics are increasingly inserted in the context of environmental management, accompanying the development of the new “Industry 4.0” in the manufacturing sector (Sarc et al., 2019). Although the Circular Economy model is not yet implemented in Brazil, good practice initiatives are encouraged, as the one described in this paper regarding CDW waste management in constructions sites in the city of Manaus through the use of start-up technologies like mobile applications. These have an exponentially growing market worldwide, demonstrated by the increasing use of mobile applications running on smartphones, tablets, laptops and other mobile devices (Kaur & Kaur, 2019). The main objective of this research is to enhance adequate environmental management in construction sites through the development of a mobile application for CDW management. This tool can be used by construction companies, waste disposal companies, and even urban citizens who need to dispose construction waste.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Which mechanism underlies the water-like anomalies in core-softened potentials?

Using molecular dynamics simulations we investigate the thermodynamic of particles interacting with a continuous and a discrete versions of a core-softened (CS) intermolecular potential composed by a repulsive shoulder. Dynamic and structural properties are also analyzed by the simulations. We show that in the continuous version of the CS potential the density at constant pressure has a maximum for a certain temperature. Similarly the diffusion constant, $D$, at a constant temperature has a maximum at a density $\rho_{\mathrm{max}}$ and a minimum at a density $\rho_{\mathrm{min}}<\rho_{\mathrm{max}}$, and structural properties are also anomalous. For the discrete CS potential none of these anomalies are observed. The absence of anomalies in the discrete case and its presence in the continuous CS potential are discussed in the framework of the excess entropy.Comment: 8 page

Carcass Characteristics Of Purebred And Crossbred Nellore Females Fed Solely Pasture

This research aimed to compare carcasses of purebred and crossbred Nellore females reared uniquely on pasture (Brachiaria decumbens and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). Breeds assessed consisted of purebred Nellore (16) and Nellore x Santa Gertrudis crossbred (16), being 32 ± 1.5 months old. All animals were slaughtered as they reached 450 kg. Crossbred females showed higher slaughter, hot and cold carcass weights and longer lengths (P < 0.05). Conversely, purebred animals attained greater carcass yields (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, crossbred females had higher primal cut weights and plate/ flank percentage (P < 0.05). Also, non-carcass components as kidneys, liver, kidney-pelvic-heart fat showed higher weights for crossbred females (P < 0.05). Thus, regarding beef cattle reared and finished exclusively on grazing areas, crossbred females (Nellore x Santa Gertrudis) may be the most profitable ones for cattle raisers, since they produce heavier slaughtering carcasses. Notwithstanding, they might be interesting for meat industry, for yielding more in prime cuts than purebreds, even if raised at the same conditions and slaughtered at same age.3764213422

Effect of biliopancreatic diversion on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes

sem informaçãoThe poor quality of sleep and the deprivation thereof have been associated with disruption of metabolic homeostasis, favoring the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to evaluate the influence of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) surg616623627sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Intramural duodenal hematoma secondary to pancreatitis: case report and review of the literature

sem informaçãoSpontaneous intramural duodenal hematoma is uncommon and is usually associated with coagulopathy, anticoagulant therapy and endoscopic procedures. The aim here was to describe a case of intramural duodenal hematoma caused by chronic exacerbation of pancre1366597601sem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

A majority of Brazilian patients with rheumatoid arthritis HLA-DRB1 alleles carry both the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and anti-citrunillated peptide antibodies

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of the shared epitope (SE), the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) protection model, and the occurrence of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies in RA patients from a genetically diverse population. One hundred and forty Brazilian RA patients and 161 matched controls were typed for HLA-DRB1 alleles using amplified DNA hybridized with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes or primers. Patients were stratified according to the presence or absence of SE (DRB1*0401, *0404, *0405, *0101, *1001, and *1402), of the DERAA alleles (DRB1*0103, *0402, *1102, *1103, *1301, *1302, and *1304), and X (all other alleles). Anti-CCP antibodies were measured by ELISA. The combined frequency of SE-positive alleles was significantly greater (76.4 vs 23.6%, P < 0.0001) than the controls. The SE/SE and SE/X genotypes were over-represented (P < 0.0001, OR = 6.02) and DERAA/X was under-represented in RA patients (P < 0.001, OR = 0.49), whereas the frequencies of the SE/DERAA, X/X and X/DERAA genotypes were not significantly different from controls. The frequency of anti-CCP antibodies was higher in SE-positive patients than in SE-negative patients (64.6 vs 44.7%, P = 0.03; OR = 2.25). Although the Brazilian population is highly miscegenated, the results of this study support the findings observed in most genetically homogeneous populations with RA; however, they are not mutually exclusive but rather complementary. The participation of DRB1-DERAA alleles in protection against RA was also observed (OR = 0.4; 95%CI = 0.23-0.68).CNPqFAEP

Nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing mulberry hay

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional characteristics of meat from lambs fed diets containing 0%, 12.5% and 25.0% (dry matter (DM)) mulberry hay as a substitute for the concentrate. Twenty-four feedlot Île-de-France lambs with an average age of 60 days and bodyweight (BW) of 15 kg were fed in individual stalls and slaughtered at 32 kg BW, at approximately 130 days old. The chemical composition of the experimental diets contained, respectively, 584.4, 569.4 and 571.8 g DM/kg; 188.8, 185.1 and 184 g crude protein (CP)/kg and 29.9, 29.5 and 25.5 Mcal/kg DM for the mulberry hay inclusion levels of 0%, 12.5% and 25.0%, with a dietary forage to concentrate ratio of 50 : 50. The chemical composition of the meat was 757.9 g moisture/kg DM, 208.6 g CP/kg DM, 22.9 g crude fat/kg DM and 10.5 g ash/kg DM. Cholesterol concentration (36.07 mg/100 g) in the meat was not influenced by mulberry hay inclusion of the diet. An increase was observed in the concentrations of saturated pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic and arachidic acids; monounaturated heptadecenoic acid; and polyunsaturated α-linolenic, ɣ-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Nervonic and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations responded quadratically, representing 3.7 g/kg and 5.9 g/kg of the meat when mulberry hay was included at 16.98% and 12.56%. Omega-3 acid concentrations increased, while the omega-3 : omega-6 ratio decreased in the meat of mulberry hay-fed animals. Inclusion of mulberry hay in lamb diets increases the amount of desirable fatty acids in their meat, whose nutritional characteristics are improved.Keywords: Chemical composition, fatty acids, feedlot, sheep mea

Evaluation Of The Pharmacokinetic Interaction Between Candesartan Cilexetil And Felodipine

The study was performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction of test formulation of candesartan 16 mg tablet and felodipine extended release 5 mg tablet together in a combination package, comparing with the fasting period intake of commercial formulations of both Atacand® 16 mg tablet and Splendil® extended release 5 mg tablet (Test formulation and reference formulation from AstraZeneca, Brazil) in 36 volunteers of both sexes. The study was conducted open with randomized three period crossover design and a one week wash out period. The candesartan and felodipine were analyzed by LC-MS-MS. The mean ratio of parameters Cmax and AUC0-t and 90% confidence intervals of correspondents were calculated to determine the pharmacokinetic interaction. Geometric mean of candesartan exposure together in a combination package felodipine individual percent ratio was 102.51% AUC0-t and 110.40% for Cmax. The 90% confidence intervals were 90.00 - 116.77% and 93.94 - 129.74%, respectively. Geometric mean of felodipine exposure together in a combination package candesartan individual percent ratio was 102.69% AUC0-t and 96.17% for Cmax. The 90% confidence intervals were 89.46 - 117.88% and 82.07 - 112.69%, respectively. The major variable in this respect, AUC, was not signicantly affected by felodipine and candesartan with concomitant administration. The Cmax of candesartan was not signicantly affected by co-administration of felodipine. Based on these data and in presence in the market of isolated candersatana and felodipino formularizations used in combination in medical practice, it is concluded that there are no risk with concomitant administration between felodipine and candesartan.© 2011 Abib Jr E, et al.31510Blyckert, E., Wingstrand, K., Edgar, B., Lidman, K., Plasma concentration profiles® and antihypertensive effect of conventional and extended release felodipine tablets (1990) Br J Clin Pharmacol, 29, pp. 39-45Blychert, E., Edgar, B., Elmfeldt, D., Hedner, T., A population study of the pharmacokinetics of felodipine (1991) Blood Press, 31, pp. 15-24Blychert, E., Felodipine pharmacokinetics and plasma concentration vs effect relationships (1992) Blood Press, 2, pp. 1-30Dahlöf, B., Andersson, O.K., A felodipine-metoprolol extended-release tablet: Its properties and clinical development (1995) J Hum Hypertens, 9, pp. 43-47Dunselman, P.H., Edgar, B., Felodipine clinical pharmacokinetics (1991) Clin Pharmacokinet, 21, pp. 418-430Edgar, B., Regardh, C., Lundborg, G., Romare, P.S., Nyberg, G., Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic studies of felodipine in healthy subjects after various single, oral and intravenous doses (1987) Biopharm. Drug Dispos, 8, pp. 235-248Eriksson, M., Nyberg, G., Lidman, K., Aiming for steady 24-hour plasma concentrations: A comparison of two calcium antagonist and beta-blocker combinations (1993) Blood Press Suppl, 1, pp. 16-21Gleiter, C.H., Morike, K.E., Clinical pharmacokinetics of candesartan (2002) Clin Pharmacokinet, 41, pp. 07-17Gradman, A.H., Lewin, A., Bowling, B.T., For the candesartan versus losartan efficacy comparison (CANDLE) study group. Comparative effects of candesartan cilexetil and losartan in patients with systemic hypertension (1999) Heart Dis, 1, pp. 52-57Hallin, L., Andren, L., Hansson, L., Controlled trial of nifedipine and bendroflumethiazide in hypertension (1983) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 5, pp. 1083-1085Hansson, L., Zanchetti, A., Carruthers, S.G., Effects of intensive bloodpressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomized trial (1998) Lancet, 351, pp. 1755-1762Hedner, T., Sjogren, E., Elmfeldt, D., Antihypertensive effects and pharmacokinetics of felodipine combined with a,-blocker and, a diuretic (1987) J Cardiovasc Pharmac, 10, pp. 177-184Ikechi, G.O., Brian, L.R., Update on the role of candesartan in the optimal management of hypertension and cardiovascular risk reduction (2010) Integrated Blood Pressure Control, 3, pp. 45-55Kloner, R.A., Weinberger, M., Pool, J.L., For the comparison of candesartan and amlodipine for safety, tolerability and efficacy (CASTLE) study investigators. 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Cardiovasc (1995) Drugs Ther, 9, pp. 657-663Maccarthy, E.P., Dihydropyridines and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists as combination treatment in hypertension (1987) J Hypertens, 5, pp. 133-137Macconnachie, A.M., Maclean, D., Low dose combination antihypertensive therapy: Additional efficacy without additional adverse effects (1995) Drug Saf, 12, pp. 85-90Mann, S.J., Gerber, L.M., Low-dose alpha/beta blockade in the treatment of essential hypertension (2001) Am J Hypertens, 14, pp. 553-558Matheson, A.J., Cheer, S.M., Goa, K.L., Perindopril/indapamide 2/0.625 mg/ day: A review of its place in the management of hypertension (2001) Drugs, 61, pp. 1211-1229McFayden, R.J., Reid, J.L., Angiotensin receptor antagonists as a treatment for hypertension (1994) J Hypertens, 12, pp. 1333-1338Melian, E.B., Jarvis, B., Candesartan cilexetil plus hydrochlorothiazide combination: A review of its use in hypertension (2002) Drugs, 62, pp. 787-816Messerli, F.H., Combination therapy in hypertension (1992) J HumHypertens, 6, pp. 19-21Messerli, F.H., Chander, K., Cardiac effects of combination therapy in hypertension (2000) J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 35, pp. 17-22Michalewicz, L., Messerli, F.H., Cardiac effects of calcium antagonists in systemic hypertension (1997) Am J Cardiol, 79, pp. 39-46Morgan, T., Anderson, A.A., Comparison of candesartan, felodipine, and their combination in the treatment of elderly patients with systolic hypertension (2002) Am J Hypertens, 15, pp. 544-549Morimoto, S., Ogibara, T., TCV-116: A new angiotensin n type-1 receptor antagonist (1994) Cardiovasc Drug Rev, 12, pp. 153-164Muller, J.E., Circadian variation in cardiovascular events (1999) AM J Hypertens, 12, pp. 35-42Nalbantgil, I., Önder, R., Kiliccioglu, B., Turkoglu, C., Combination therapy with verapamil and nitrendipine in patients with hypertension (1993) J Hum Hypertens, 7, pp. 305-308Nalbantgil, I., Önder, R., Nalbantgil, S., Sustained-release verapamil and trandolapril, alone and in combination, in the treatment of obese hypertensive patients: A double-blind pilot study (1996) Curr Ther Res Clin Exp, 57, pp. 990-997Nalbantgil, S., Nalbantgil, I., Önder, R., Clinically additive effect between doxazosin and amlodipine in the treatment of essential hypertension (2000) Am J Hypertens, 13, pp. 921-926Neutel, J.M., Low-dose antihypertensive combination therapy: Its rationale and role in cardiovascular risk management (1999) Am J Hypertens, 12, pp. 73-79Nishikawa, K., Naka, T., Chatani, F., Yoshimura, Y., Candesartan cilexetil: A review of its preclinical pharmacology (1997) J Human Hypertens, 11, pp. 9-17O'Brien, E.T., Mackinnon, J., Propranolol and polythiazide in the treatment of hypertension (1972) Br Heart J, 34, pp. 1042-1044Oparil, S., Levine, J.H., Zuschke, C.A., For the candesartan cilexetil study investigators. 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Histopathological features of the brain extracellular matrix from dogs with canine distemper

ABSTRACT Canine distemper causes demyelinating leucoencephalitis, like human multiple sclerosis. The encephalic microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix, is an important key factor of this lesion, already described in multiple sclerosis but not proved in canine distemper. Thereby, the aim of this work is to characterize the extracellular matrix in the encephalon of dogs with canine distemper. Samples of cortex and cerebellum of 14 naturally infected dogs with canine distemper virus were collected after being sent for necropsy in the Animal Pathology Laboratory of the Veterinary Hospital of Uberlândia Federal University. The samples were processed as routine, stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E), Masson Trichrome (MT), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and Reticulin, and then described. Areas of demyelination and necrosis were quantified in percentage of stain. The TM samples showed blue stain around vessels and meninge, which indicates a higher deposition of collagen in lesioned areas. At necrotic areas, reticulin stain pointed to a disorganization in the vascular wall and PAS-stained pink granules in macrophages. We conclude that the extracellular matrix seems to participate in the pathogeny of canine distemper. More research should be done to better detail the involvement of these molecules in the course of this disease

Morphological and electrophysiological properties of pyramidal-like neurons in the stratum oriens of Cornu ammonis 1 and Cornu ammonis 2 area of Proechimys

AbstractProechimys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) is a neotropical rodent of the Amazon region that has been successfully colonized in the laboratory and used for experimental medicine. Preliminary studies indicated that Proechimys (casiragua) rodents express an atypical resistance to developing a chronic epileptic condition in common models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Moreover, previous investigation of our laboratory described a remarkably different Proechimy's cytoarchitecture organization of the hippocampal CA2 subfield. In the present study, we investigated the intrinsic neuronal properties and morphological characteristics of the Proechimys's hippocampal pyramidal neurons of the CA1 and CA2 areas. A comparative approach was performed using neurons recorded in Wistar rats. A striking finding in Proechimys rodents was the presence of large pyramidal-like neurons throughout the stratum oriens from CA2 to CA1 area. In order to confirm such distinctive feature of the Proechimys's hippocampus, we performed Nissl staining and immunohistochemistry for neurofilament protein SM311. CA2 pyramidal neurons in the stratum pyramidale of Proechimys exhibited a significantly higher input resistance and lower time constant when compared to corresponding cell groups in the same area of the Wistar rat's. This newly identified population of pyramidal-shaped neurons in stratum oriens of Proechimys exhibited distinct electrophysiological and morphological properties. This included larger capacitance, lower input resistance, larger rheobase, long latency to first action potential and slower firing frequency. In addition, the apical dendrites of these neurons were oriented in parallel to apical dendrites of regular pyramidal neurons in stratum pyramidale. Moreover, these neurons were immunoreactive to SM311 as the majority of the neurons of the pyramidal layer. The functional role of these hippocampal neurons of the rodent Proechimys deserves further investigation