874 research outputs found
The Inverse-Compton And Extragalactic Components Of The Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission
We present spectra of the inverse-Compton and extragalactic components of the
high-energy gamma-radiation based on an analysis of the emission at high
galactic latitudes (b ). We correlate the
gamma-ray intensity with a model consisting of an isotropic component, a
component proportional to the 408 MHz synchrotron radiation, and a component
proportional to atomic hydrogen (H I) column density with different
emissivities in eight galactic octants. The spectrum of gamma-radiation that is
correlated with the H I column density indicates that this component originates
in cosmic-ray/matter interactions. The cosmic-ray electrons which produce the
408 MHz radio continuum emission also produce gamma-radiation through
inverse-Compton interactions with interstellar photons. By correlating the
gamma-radiation with the 408 MHz continuum, we measure the spectrum and
absolute intensity of the IC emission. The isotropic component gives us the
spectrum and intensity of the extragalactic gamma-radiation. We discuss
interpretation of the extragalactic spectrum.Comment: 21 page Postscript file, 10 Postscript figure
From Cyber Security to Cyber Power: Appraising the Emergence of ‘Responsible, Democratic Cyber Power’ in UK Strategy
Homotopical resolutions associated to deformable adjunctions
Given an adjunction connecting reasonable categories with weak equivalences,
we define a new derived bar and cobar construction associated to the
adjunction. This yields homotopical models of the completion and cocompletion
associated to the monad and comonad of the adjunction. We discuss applications
of these resolutions to spectral sequences for derived completions and
Goodwillie calculus in general model categories.Comment: 22 pages; v2 is the final journal version, with expository
improvements suggested by the refere
Exchange Rate Pass-through: The Different Responses of Importers and Exporters
This paper examines exchange rate pass-through for the prices of both imports and manufactured exports. It is found that, in the long run, exchange rate pass-through over the docks is complete for both classes of good. However, in the short run, responses to currency movements differ significantly. Differences occur with respect to the speed of pass-through and its pattern over time. Pass-through to import prices is found to be more rapid than that to manufactured export prices. However, evidence is presented of a recent and substantial increase in pass-through to manufactured export prices, in keeping with increased international integration. Conversely, existing patterns of exchange rate pass-through to import prices are found to accord with historical experience. The implications of this are discussed with respect to the balance of payments and inflation.
Knowledge Problems in Security Protocols: Going Beyond Subterm Convergent Theories
We introduce a new form of restricted term rewrite system, the graph-embedded term rewrite system. These systems, and thus the name, are inspired by the graph minor relation and are more flexible extensions of the well-known homeomorphic-embedded property of term rewrite systems. As a motivating application area, we consider the symbolic analysis of security protocols, and more precisely the two knowledge problems defined by the deduction problem and the static equivalence problem. In this field restricted term rewrite systems, such as subterm convergent ones, have proven useful since the knowledge problems are decidable for such systems. However, many of the same decision procedures still work for examples of systems which are "beyond subterm convergent". However, the applicability of the corresponding decision procedures to these examples must often be proven on an individual basis. This is due to the problem that they don\u27t fit into an existing syntactic definition for which the procedures are known to work. Here we show that many of these systems belong to a particular subclass of graph-embedded convergent systems, called contracting convergent systems. On the one hand, we show that the knowledge problems are decidable for the subclass of contracting convergent systems. On the other hand, we show that the knowledge problems are undecidable for the class of graph-embedded systems
2010-2011 Veterans Law Update
Part I will cover updates related directly to veterans\u27 benefits and rights. Part II will focus on updates to rules involving veterans\u27 caregivers and healthcare facilities. Part III will cover proposed rules dealing with veterans\u27 claims and insurance. Part IV will focus on rules and case law covering the VA\u27s procedures and operating regulations
Human Mars Entry, Descent and Landing Architecture Study: Deployable Decelerators
NASAs Entry, Descent and Landing Architecture Study uses a trajectory simulation framework to evaluate various technologies and concepts of operations for human scale EDL at Mars. The study results inform agency technology investments. This paper summarizes the design assumptions and analysis of two deployable entry concepts performed in Phase 2 of the study. The entry concepts include a rigid deployable called the Adaptable Deployable Entry Placement Technology and an inflatable concept called the Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator. This paper describes the concept operations of these vehicles to deliver a 20-metric ton payload to the surface of Mars. Details of vehicle design and flight performance are summarized along with results of analysis on the aft body heating and its effect on the payload. Finally, recommended technology investments based on the results are presented
Expanding Rural Elder Care Options: Models That Work
Rural communities and elders need better access to elder care options that enable them to continue to live in the community. Despite a larger proportion of the population over age 65 than urban and suburban America, rural communities lack the services and care coordination systems older adults need to continue living independently in their own communities as they age.
In November 2008, the Rural Long Term Care Workgroup convened a national Rural Long Term Care: Access and Options Workshop to identify lessons and strategies for building and sustaining rural community-based elder care services. Finding and building on successful models is an important step towards addressing the challenges faced by rural elders seeking care options in their communities. These options include home, community, and facility-based care supported by care coordination systems that enhance autonomy and quality of life of rural elders. These proceedings of the Workshop are organized around the following topics: The challenges and opportunities for expanding rural elder care options; Five rural elder care models that work; A Rural Elder Care Options Model, a web-based, interactive tool that rural communities can use to customize the options to their specific community; The organizational attributes and strong partnerships needed to build rural community options for elder care; Strategies for increasing access and options for elder care in rural communities; and Steps to move forward in building rural communities that support elder care
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