54 research outputs found
A note on the simultaneous edge coloring
Let be a graph. A (proper) -edge-coloring is a coloring of the
edges of such that any pair of edges sharing an endpoint receive distinct
colors. A classical result of Vizing ensures that any simple graph admits a
-edge coloring where denotes the maximum degreee of
. Recently, Cabello raised the following question: given two graphs
of maximum degree on the same set of vertices , is it
possible to edge-color their (edge) union with colors in such a way
the restriction of to respectively the edges of and the edges of
are edge-colorings? More generally, given graphs, how many colors
do we need to color their union in such a way the restriction of the coloring
to each graph is proper?
In this short note, we prove that we can always color the union of the graphs
of maximum degree with colors and that there exist graphs for which this bound is tight up to
a constant multiplicative factor. Moreover, for two graphs, we prove that at
most colors are enough which is, as far as we know, the
best known upper bound
Incidence, a Scoring Positional Game on Graphs
Positional games have been introduced by Hales and Jewett in 1963 and have
been extensively investigated in the literature since then. These games are
played on a hypergraph where two players alternately select an unclaimed vertex
of it. In the Maker-Breaker convention, if Maker manages to fully take a
hyperedge, she wins, otherwise, Breaker is the winner. In the Maker-Maker
convention, the first player to take a hyperedge wins. In both cases, the game
stops as soon as Maker has taken a hyperedge. By definition, this family of
games does not handle scores and cannot represent games in which players want
to maximize a quantity.
In this work, we introduce scoring positional games, that consist in playing
on a hypergraph until all the vertices are claimed, and by defining the score
as the number of hyperedges a player has fully taken. We focus here on
Incidence, a scoring positional game played on a 2-uniform hypergraph, i.e. an
undirected graph. In this game, two players alternately claim the vertices of a
graph and score the number of edges for which they own both end vertices. In
the Maker-Breaker version, Maker aims at maximizing the number of edges she
owns, while Breaker aims at minimizing it. In the Maker-Maker version, both
players try to take more edges than their opponent.
We first give some general results on scoring positional games such that
their membership in Milnor's universe and some general bounds on the score. We
prove that, surprisingly, computing the score in the Maker-Breaker version of
Incidence is PSPACE-complete whereas in the Maker-Maker convention, the
relative score can be obtained in polynomial time. In addition, for the
Maker-Breaker convention, we give a formula for the score on paths by using
some equivalences due to Milnor's universe. This result implies that the score
on cycles can also be computed in polynomial time
As acupressure decreases pain, acupuncture may improve some aspects of quality of life for women with primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review with meta-analysis
AbstractPrimary dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological symptom reported by women and constitutes a high health, social, and economic burden. Chemotherapies, along with their side effects, have not yielded satisfactory outcomes. Alternative nonpharmacological interventions, including acupuncture and acupressure, have been advocated, but evidence regarding their beneficial effect is inconclusive. This study sought to obtain evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture and acupressure interventions. Twelve electronic databases were searched by using menstrual pain intensity and quality of life as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively, with the PEDro guideline for quality appraisal. Data unsuitable for a meta-analysis were reported as descriptive data. The search yielded 38 citations, from which eight studies were systematically reviewed, four of the eight being eligible for meta-analysis. The systematic review showed moderate methodological quality with a mean of 6.1 out of 10 on the PEDro quality scale. Acupressure showed evidence of pain relief while acupuncture improved both the mental and the physical components of quality of life. In conclusion, physiotherapists should consider using acupuncture and acupressure to treat primary dysmenorrhea, but a need exists for higher quality, randomized, blinded, sham-controlled trials with adequate sample sizes to establish clearly the effects of these modalities
Effects of Gyejibongnyeong-hwan on dysmenorrhea caused by blood stagnation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gyejibongnyeong-hwan (GJBNH) is one of the most popular Korean medicine formulas for menstrual pain of dysmenorrhea. The concept of blood stagnation in Korean medicine is considered the main factor of causing abdominal pain, or cramps, during menstrual periods. To treat the symptoms, GJBNH is used to fluidify the stagnated blood and induce the blood flow to be smooth, reducing pain as the result. The purpose of this trial is to identify the efficacy of GJBNH in dysmenorrhea caused by blood stagnation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This study is a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial with two parallel arms: the group taking GJBNH and the group taking placebo. 100 patients (women from age 18 to 35) will be enrolled to the trial. Through randomization 50 patients will be in experiment arm, and the other 50 patients will be in control arm. At the second visit (baseline), all participants who were already screened that they fulfil both the inclusion and the exclusion criteria will be randomised into two groups. Each group will take the intervention three times per day during two menstrual cycles. After the treatment for two cycles, each patient will be followed up during their 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th </sup>and 5<sup>th </sup>menstrual cycles. From the screening (Visit 1) through the second follow-up (Visit 6) the entire process will take 25 weeks.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>This trial will provide evidence for the effectiveness of GJBNH in treating periodical pain due to dysmenorrhea that is caused by blood stagnation. The primary outcome between the two groups will be measured by changes in the Visual Analogue Score (VAS) of pain. The secondary outcome will be measured by the Blood Stagnation Scale, the Short-form McGill questionnaire and the COX menstrual symptom scale. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and repeated measured ANOVA will be used to analyze the data analysis.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials: <a href="http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN30426947">ISRCTN30426947</a></p
Sprouted Innervation into Uterine Transplants Contributes to the Development of Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Endometriosis
Endometriosis is an enigmatic painful disorder whose pain symptoms remain difficult to alleviate in large part because the disorder is defined by extrauteral endometrial growths whose contribution to pain is poorly understood. A rat model (ENDO) involves autotransplanting on abdominal arteries uterine segments that grow into vascularized cysts that become innervated with sensory and sympathetic fibers. ENDO rats exhibit vaginal hyperalgesia. We used behavioral, physiological, and immunohistochemical methods to test the hypothesis that cyst innervation contributes to the development of this hyperalgesia after transplant. Rudimentary sensory and sympathetic innervation appeared in the cysts at two weeks, sprouted further and more densely into the cyst wall by four weeks, and matured by six weeks post-transplant. Sensory fibers became abnormally functionally active between two and three weeks post-transplant, remaining active thereafter. Vaginal hyperalgesia became significant between four and five weeks post-transplant, and stabilized after six to eight weeks. Removing cysts before they acquired functional innervation prevented vaginal hyperalgesia from developing, whereas sham cyst removal did not. Thus, abnormally-active innervation of ectopic growths occurs before hyperalgesia develops, supporting the hypothesis. These findings suggest that painful endometriosis can be classified as a mixed inflammatory/neuropathic pain condition, which opens new avenues for pain relief. The findings also have implications beyond endometriosis by suggesting that functionality of any transplanted tissue can be influenced by the innervation it acquires
Textes d'ouverture et de fermeture dans La nuit remue d'Henri Michaux : mises en jeu du principe de mobilité
RĂ©sumĂ© : Henri MICHAUX est Ă bien des Ă©gards un poĂšte de la " situation ", au sens courant d'" ensemble des circonstances dans lesquelles une personne se trouve" (PETIT ROBERT, 2008 : 2379): les textes nous prĂ©sentent souvent un ĂȘtre aux prises avec un monde agressif et impliquĂ© dans des situations fĂącheuses ; mais le sens premier, purement locatif du terme convient aussi parfaitement aux enjeux de son Ă©criture : le " fait d'ĂȘtre en un lieu ", la " maniĂšre dont une chose est disposĂ©e, situĂ©e ou orientĂ©e " (PETIT ROBERT, 2008 : 2379). C'est sur ce premier niveau sĂ©mantique que se fonde essentiellement l'Ă©tude qui va suivre. En prenant appui sur les deux textes-cadres que constituent le premier et le dernier poĂšme du recueil La nuit remue, on se propose en effet d'observer une des maniĂšres dont se construit et se structure la relation Ă l'espace dans l'Ă©criture michaldienne : autour du changement de situation. Ce changement - nous reprenons ici l'approche d'AndrĂ©e BORILLO dans son ouvrage La construction de l'espace en français- peut ĂȘtre de deux natures : le " changement d'emplacement ", oĂč " le dĂ©placement s'effectue tout en restant dans un mĂȘme lieu Ă©tabli ", et le " changement de lieu ", oĂč se joue un vĂ©ritable " changement de relation spatiale avec un lieu Ă©tabli " (BORILLO, 1998 : 39). Nous avons choisi d'Ă©tudier conjointement ces deux modes de changement, les rĂ©unissant dans le cadre d'une exploration du principe de mobilitĂ©. Cette notion, on le verra, permet de rendre compte de bien des phĂ©nomĂšnes Ă l'Ćuvre dans la poĂ©sie de MICHAUX : phĂ©nomĂšnes d'ordre spatial, bien sĂ»r, mais aussi d'ordre ontologique et linguistique. Les deux poĂšmes sĂ©lectionnĂ©s, " La nuit remue " et " L'avenir ", nous semblent des lieux tout dĂ©signĂ©s pour engager cette Ă©tude du principe de mobilitĂ© : il s'agit de textes-seuils, et en tant que tels, ils sont, dans l'ordre de la construction et de la lecture de l'Ćuvre, respectivement une entrĂ©e et une sortie. Ainsi la mobilitĂ© y recouvre-t-elle en sus des enjeux thĂ©matiques ou linguistiques annoncĂ©s plus haut, des enjeux mĂ©tapoĂ©tiques ou expĂ©rimentaux (ces textes sont les moments oĂč le lecteur entre dans le recueil et en sort). L'Ă©tude de ces diffĂ©rents aspects permettra de mettre en Ă©vidence un systĂšme d'Ă©chos et de contrastes entre le poĂšme initial et le poĂšme final, et, nous l'espĂ©rons, d'Ă©clairer une part du travail stylistique de leur auteur. Nous commencerons par analyser le rapport entre les deux textes Ă l'Ă©gard des notions de stratification spatiale et de mobilitĂ© concrĂšte, avant d'envisager, dans un second temps, la question de la mĂ©tamorphose, forme abstraite et ontologique de mobilitĂ©, telle qu'elle se manifeste dans l'un et l'autre poĂšme
Poetics of situation in four works by Henri Michaux : La nuit remue, Plume prĂ©cĂ©dĂ© de Lointain intĂ©rieur, Ăpreuves, exorcismes, and La vie dans les plis. A grammatical and stylistic approach
La prĂ©sente Ă©tude explore les diverses rĂ©sonances de la notion de situation, dans quatre recueils poĂ©tiques dâHenri Michaux : La nuit remue, Plume prĂ©cĂ©dĂ© de Lointain intĂ©rieur, Ăpreuves, exorcismes et La vie dans les plis. Il sâagit de montrer, en se fondant sur un examen linguistique et grammatical prĂ©cis de la construction de lâespace et de la temporalitĂ© dans ces textes, comment la notion de situation structure lâĂ©criture michaldienne, suivant trois grandes entrĂ©es : la premiĂšre, câest le principe de disproportion. Michaux situe en effet souvent des objets trop grands dans des espaces trop petits, ou des objets petits dans des espaces immenses ; nous y voyons la marque dâune intervention particuliĂšre, diverse dans ses enjeux, sur lâespace textuel. La seconde entrĂ©e, câest le principe de mobilitĂ© : en prenant appui sur les textes cadres des recueils et des sections, on met en Ă©vidence la densitĂ© du maillage assurĂ© par les verbes de mouvement, illustrĂ©s dans toute la gamme de leurs significations, de leur emploi spatial concret (renvoyant Ă une modification de la situation au sens premier) Ă leur utilisation la plus abstraite ou dĂ©sĂ©mantisĂ©e ; il apparaĂźt ainsi que la mobilitĂ© revĂȘt une dimension proprement linguistique. La troisiĂšme entrĂ©e enfin, câest celle de lâĂ©nonciation : aprĂšs avoir Ă©tudiĂ© les structurations situationnelles Ă lâĆuvre dans le monde du texte, on sâintĂ©resse Ă lâinscription, dans celui-ci, des coordonnĂ©es de la deixis, câest-Ă -dire de lâancrage personnel et spatio-temporel de lâĂ©nonciation ; ce qui permettra dâĂ©clairer la singularitĂ© de la parole michaldienne, Ă la fois fortement situĂ©e et souvent insituable.This study explores various aspects of the concept of situation in four poetry collections by Henri Michaux: La nuit remue, Plume prĂ©cĂ©dĂ© de Lointain intĂ©rieur, Ăpreuves, exorcismes et La vie dans les plis. Based on detailed linguistic and grammatical analysis of how space and temporality are constructed in these texts, it aims at showing how this idea of situation structures Michauxâs writing through three main points of entry. First, disproportion. Indeed, Michaux often places items that are too big in spaces that are too small, or small objects into huge spaces. This testifies to a specific interventionâwith various goalsâon the textual space. Second, mobility. A wide network of verbs of movement can be found in the framing texts of the collections and of each section; these are used in all their meaningsÂŹâfrom their literal spatial use (referring to a modification of the situation proper) to their more abstract or desemanticized sense. Mobility thereby takes on a properly linguistic dimension. Finally, enunciation. After having studied situational structuring in the realm of the texts, I focus on the coordinates of the deixis, i.e. the personal and spatio-temporal markers of enunciation, that appear in the poetâs writing; this will help bring out the singularity of Michauxâs voiceâa located and unlocatable one
Quelques applications de la théorie de l'information à la construction des échelles d'attitudes
Moscovici Serge, Durain GeneviÚve. Quelques applications de la théorie de l'information à la construction des échelles d'attitudes. In: L'année psychologique. 1956 vol. 56, n°1. pp. 47-57
Poetics of situation in four works by Henri Michaux : La nuit remue, Plume prĂ©cĂ©dĂ© de Lointain intĂ©rieur, Ăpreuves, exorcismes, and La vie dans les plis. A grammatical and stylistic approach
La prĂ©sente Ă©tude explore les diverses rĂ©sonances de la notion de situation, dans quatre recueils poĂ©tiques dâHenri Michaux : La nuit remue, Plume prĂ©cĂ©dĂ© de Lointain intĂ©rieur, Ăpreuves, exorcismes et La vie dans les plis. Il sâagit de montrer, en se fondant sur un examen linguistique et grammatical prĂ©cis de la construction de lâespace et de la temporalitĂ© dans ces textes, comment la notion de situation structure lâĂ©criture michaldienne, suivant trois grandes entrĂ©es : la premiĂšre, câest le principe de disproportion. Michaux situe en effet souvent des objets trop grands dans des espaces trop petits, ou des objets petits dans des espaces immenses ; nous y voyons la marque dâune intervention particuliĂšre, diverse dans ses enjeux, sur lâespace textuel. La seconde entrĂ©e, câest le principe de mobilitĂ© : en prenant appui sur les textes cadres des recueils et des sections, on met en Ă©vidence la densitĂ© du maillage assurĂ© par les verbes de mouvement, illustrĂ©s dans toute la gamme de leurs significations, de leur emploi spatial concret (renvoyant Ă une modification de la situation au sens premier) Ă leur utilisation la plus abstraite ou dĂ©sĂ©mantisĂ©e ; il apparaĂźt ainsi que la mobilitĂ© revĂȘt une dimension proprement linguistique. La troisiĂšme entrĂ©e enfin, câest celle de lâĂ©nonciation : aprĂšs avoir Ă©tudiĂ© les structurations situationnelles Ă lâĆuvre dans le monde du texte, on sâintĂ©resse Ă lâinscription, dans celui-ci, des coordonnĂ©es de la deixis, câest-Ă -dire de lâancrage personnel et spatio-temporel de lâĂ©nonciation ; ce qui permettra dâĂ©clairer la singularitĂ© de la parole michaldienne, Ă la fois fortement situĂ©e et souvent insituable.This study explores various aspects of the concept of situation in four poetry collections by Henri Michaux: La nuit remue, Plume prĂ©cĂ©dĂ© de Lointain intĂ©rieur, Ăpreuves, exorcismes et La vie dans les plis. Based on detailed linguistic and grammatical analysis of how space and temporality are constructed in these texts, it aims at showing how this idea of situation structures Michauxâs writing through three main points of entry. First, disproportion. Indeed, Michaux often places items that are too big in spaces that are too small, or small objects into huge spaces. This testifies to a specific interventionâwith various goalsâon the textual space. Second, mobility. A wide network of verbs of movement can be found in the framing texts of the collections and of each section; these are used in all their meaningsÂŹâfrom their literal spatial use (referring to a modification of the situation proper) to their more abstract or desemanticized sense. Mobility thereby takes on a properly linguistic dimension. Finally, enunciation. After having studied situational structuring in the realm of the texts, I focus on the coordinates of the deixis, i.e. the personal and spatio-temporal markers of enunciation, that appear in the poetâs writing; this will help bring out the singularity of Michauxâs voiceâa located and unlocatable one
Henri Michaux : du corps du livre au corps de lâhomme
Le corps est un des lieux communs de lâĆuvre dâHenri Michaux, motif omniprĂ©sent de ses textes justement relevĂ© et explorĂ© par la critique. Pour nâen citer que quelques exemples, on observera que Raymond Bellour rĂ©serve Ă la thĂ©matique du corps une entrĂ©e de chapitre dans son ouvrage Henri Michaux ou une mesure de lâĂȘtre, au mĂȘme titre que « lâespace » ou « les mĂ©tamorphoses » (motifs qui ne sont dâailleurs pas sans lien avec celui du corps), comme le fait Colette Roubaud dans son commentaire ..
- âŠ