55 research outputs found

    Composantes de l'environnement soutenant le développement d'une vision partagée au sein d'un comité de gestion

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    L'adoption de la Loi sur les Agences de dĂ©veloppement des rĂ©seaux locaux, en 2003, a menĂ© Ă  la crĂ©ation des Centres de SantĂ© et Services Sociaux (CSSS); les CSSS regroupent Ă  la fois un Centre Local de Services Communautaires (CLSC), un Centre d'HĂ©bergement et de Soins de Longue DurĂ©e (CHSLD) et un Centre Hospitalier (CH). L'intĂ©gration de ces organisations au sein d'un mĂȘme Ă©tablissement suppose des changements significatifs dans les orientations d'Ă©tablissement, les structures organisationnelles et les pratiques professionnelles. Afin de relever les dĂ©fis inhĂ©rents Ă  ces fusions, les comitĂ©s de gestion doivent Ă©laborer une vision partagĂ©e de ce qu'elles souhaitent vĂ©hiculer au sein du nouvel Ă©tablissement, et ce, tout en tenant compte des particularitĂ©s propres Ă  chacun des milieux fusionnĂ©s. L'Ă©laboration d'une vision partagĂ©e nĂ©cessite des processus de dĂ©construction et de reconstruction mentale soutenu par un environnement suffisamment sĂ©curitaire et soutenant permettant aux individus de remettre en question leurs constructions. Les objectifs de cette Ă©tude sont doubles : d'une part, gĂ©nĂ©rer des connaissances sur les composantes de l'environnement soutenant l'Ă©laboration d'une vision partagĂ©e et, d'autre part, explorer l'apport d'une mĂ©thode inspirĂ©e de la recherche Ă©valuative de 4e gĂ©nĂ©ration de Guba et Lincoln pour assister un comitĂ© de gestion dans l'Ă©laboration d'une telle vision. Les donnĂ©es sont recueillies Ă  partir de deux cycles d'entrevues individuelles rĂ©alisĂ©s auprĂšs de six (6) gestionnaires travaillant au sein d'un comitĂ© de gestion et deux discussions de groupes. Elles sont analysĂ©es Ă  partir des procĂ©dĂ©s de l'analyse de contenu appelĂ©es « analyse thĂ©matique en continu » et « analyse Ă  partir des catĂ©gories conceptualisantes ». L'analyse permet d'identifier trois composantes de l'environnement qualifiĂ©es de soutenantes dans le cadre de ce projet : la dĂ©limitation des Ă©lĂ©ments de nĂ©gociation, la rĂ©action diligente et la mobilisation dans la libertĂ© de crĂ©ation et de dĂ©gager en sept (7) points l'apport de la mĂ©thode : l'occasion de s'arrĂȘter, l'espace de dialogue sĂ©curitaire, la neutralisation des Ă©motions, la mise Ă  niveau des connaissances, la gestion des interfaces, l'opportunitĂ© de prendre sa place et l'alimentation de la curiositĂ©

    Développement, mise à l'essai et évaluation d'une intervention de pratique réflexive avec des infirmiÚres oeuvrant auprÚs de personnes ùgées hospitalisées

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    Cette recherche visait Ă  dĂ©velopper, mettre Ă  l’essai et Ă©valuer les effets d’une intervention de pratique rĂ©flexive (IPR) avec des infirmiĂšres Ɠuvrant auprĂšs d’aĂźnĂ©s hospitalisĂ©s. FondĂ©e sur la thĂ©orie du Human Caring de Watson (1979) et sur le modĂšle de rĂ©flexion structurĂ©e de Johns (2006), l’étude a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e au moyen d’un devis mixte. Le dĂ©veloppement et la mise Ă  l’essai de l’IPR ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s au moyen d’une approche qualitative de type recherche-action. L’évaluation de l’intervention a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e Ă  l’aide d’une approche qualitative et d’une approche quantitative de type quasi-expĂ©rimental avec groupe de comparaison (GC). Au terme de l’IPR, les infirmiĂšres Ă©taient invitĂ©es Ă  dĂ©crire les retombĂ©es perçues de cette intervention, soit les habiletĂ©s et les savoirs infirmiers dĂ©veloppĂ©s suite Ă  une pratique rĂ©flexive (PR), ainsi que leur perception de la PR comme moyen d’amĂ©lioration de leur pratique professionnelle. De plus, comparativement Ă  un GC, trois hypothĂšses Ă©taient formulĂ©es : les infirmiĂšres du groupe expĂ©rimental (GE) ayant bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’une IPR amĂ©lioreraient significativement leurs attitudes et leurs connaissances Ă  l’égard des aĂźnĂ©s; identifieraient davantage d’interventions infirmiĂšres adaptĂ©es Ă  la clientĂšle ĂągĂ©e hospitalisĂ©e, et obtiendraient un niveau de rĂ©flexion supĂ©rieur. L’étude a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e auprĂšs de 43 infirmiĂšres (GE = 22; GC = 21) travaillant dans un centre hospitalier universitaire. L’IPR s’est dĂ©roulĂ©e sur une pĂ©riode de 22 semaines. Elle comprenait huit ateliers thĂ©matiques d’une durĂ©e de 75 minutes chacun, dispensĂ©s aux trois semaines, combinĂ©s Ă  des lectures et Ă  des exercices individuels. L’IPR portait sur trois thĂšmes centraux du sĂ©jour hospitalier des aĂźnĂ©s : la mĂ©dication, la mobilisation et la planification du congĂ©. Des donnĂ©es qualitatives et quantitatives ont Ă©tĂ© colligĂ©es par le biais de questionnaires ouverts (vignettes, Ă©crit rĂ©flexif) et standardisĂ©s (Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale, Palmore’s Facts on Aging Quiz) prĂ© et post intervention pour les deux groupes. Les infirmiĂšres du GE ont Ă©galement complĂ©tĂ© un questionnaire sur l’expĂ©rience de la PR et certaines d’entre elles ont participĂ© Ă  des groupes de discussion focalisĂ©e. Une analyse de contenu thĂ©matique, selon l’approche de Miles et Huberman (2003), a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur les donnĂ©es qualitatives, alors que des tests de classement de Wilcoxon ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s sur les donnĂ©es quantitatives. Les rĂ©sultats soulignent que les infirmiĂšres ont dĂ©veloppĂ© diffĂ©rentes habiletĂ©s nĂ©cessaires Ă  une PR telles que l’introspection, l’ouverture aux autres et l’analyse critique. Les participantes reconnaissent que l’IPR leur a notamment permis de dĂ©velopper des savoirs empirique, Ă©thique, esthĂ©tique, personnel et Ă©mancipatoire. De plus, elles perçoivent que l’IPR est un moyen d’amĂ©lioration de la pratique professionnelle puisqu’elle peut, entre autres, contrer la routinisation des soins. Par ailleurs, comparativement au GC, les infirmiĂšres du GE ont amĂ©liorĂ© significativement leurs attitudes et leurs connaissances Ă  l’égard des aĂźnĂ©s. Cependant, aucune diffĂ©rence significative entre le GE et le GC n’a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e suite Ă  l’IPR quant au nombre d’interventions adaptĂ©es aux situations vĂ©cues par les aĂźnĂ©s hospitalisĂ©s et au niveau de rĂ©flexion atteint. Les hypothĂšses de recherche ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© partiellement soutenues. Cette Ă©tude dĂ©montre le potentiel d’une IPR comme approche de dĂ©veloppement professionnel novateur qui valorise l’expĂ©rience des infirmiĂšres, tout en leur permettant de modifier positivement leurs attitudes Ă  l’égard des aĂźnĂ©s et d’ajuster leurs connaissances aux besoins de cette clientĂšle hautement fragile et vulnĂ©rable.The purpose of this research was to develop, field-test and evaluate the effects of a reflective practice intervention (RPI) with nurses who care for hospitalized elders. Based on the theory of Human Caring put forth by Watson (1979) and on the Model for Structured Reflection developed by Johns (2006), the study used a mixed design. A qualitative action-research approach was used for the development and testing of the RPI. The evaluation of the intervention used a qualitative approach and a quantitative quasi-experimental approach with a comparison group (CG). Upon completion of the RPI, the nurses were invited to identify the benefits of the intervention on their skills and nursing knowledge and on their perception of the RP as a way of improving their professional practice. Three hypotheses were advanced: following this RPI and compared with the CG, nurses in the experimental group (EG) would improve their attitudes and knowledge regarding elders, identify a larger number of nursing interventions adapted to the hospitalized elder clientele, and achieve a higher level of reflection. The study was carried out with 43 university-hospital nurses (EG = 22; CG = 21). The RPI spanned a 22-week period. It included eight thematic workshops each 75 minutes long, delivered at three-week intervals, combined with reading assignments and individual exercises. The RPI focused on three themes central to elder hospitalization: medication, mobilization, and discharge planning. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through questionnaires, both open-ended (vignettes, reflective essays) and standardized (Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale, Palmore’s Facts on Aging Quiz), completed pre- and post intervention by both groups. Nurses form the EG also completed a questionnaire on the RP experience and some took part in focus groups. A thematic content analysis was carried out on the qualitative data using the approach proposed by Miles and Huberman (2003), and Wilcoxon rank tests were run on the quantitative data. Results show that the nurses developed different skills and abilities required for a RP, including introspection, openness to others, and critical analysis. The participants recognized that the RPI allowed them, among other things, to develop empiric, ethical, esthetic, personal and emancipatory knowledge. Moreover, they saw the RPI as a means of improving professional practice, particularly thanks to its potential for countering the routinization of care. Furthermore, compared with their CG counterparts, the EG nurses significantly improved their attitudes and knowledge regarding elders. However, no significant inter-group differences emerged following the RPI in terms of either the number of interventions adapted to situations experienced by hospitalized elders or the level of reflection achieved. Research hypotheses were partly supported. This study demonstrates the potential of a RPI as an innovative professional development approach that valorizes the experience of nurses while allowing them to change their attitudes towards elders in a positive fashion and to adjust their knowledge according to the needs of this frail and vulnerable clientele. Possible avenues of pursuit are proposed for clinical practice, training, management and research

    Outdoor education in higher education during the context of Covid-19 in Canada: Pedagogical guide to support teachers

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    Ressources Ă©ducatives libresOpen educational resourcesAbstract: The purpose of this guide is to provide support for teachers who wish to use outdoor settings in the context of university instruction. It presents the advantages and certain myths associated with outdoor education, as well as pedagogical approaches that can be used. It proposes questions to guide classroom choice and instructional planning. Finally, a few people from different backgrounds provide a brief account of their experience

    L’expĂ©rience de transitions de conjoints-aidants d’une personne vivant avec un trouble neurocognitif Ă  dĂ©but prĂ©coce

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    Introduction: People living with early-onset dementia (EOD) experience many difficulties in their work, personal, family and spousal lives, and it often takes many years to obtain the diagnosis. During this waiting period, few appropriate services are available. Studies have described the changes that this situation causes for spousal-caregivers, but few studies have focused on the transitions that occur on their journey. Objective: To explore the perceptions of spousal-caregivers of persons living with EOD diagnosed for more than 2 years, the conditions that impact their transition success, and their response patterns. Method: Based on Meleis et al.'s (2000) theory of transitions, this pilot study used semi-structured interviews conducted with 3 spousal-caregivers. The verbatim of the transcribed interviews were analyzed using the method proposed by PaillĂ© and Mucchielli (2021). Results: The themes that emerged from the analysis are: 1) a long caregiving journey with multiple transitions; 2) personal and community conditions that influence the success of multiple transitions and 3) a variety of strategies for coping with the spousal caregiving role. Discussion and conclusion: The results of this pilot study provide a better understanding of the realities of some spousal-caregivers. They can inspire subsequent studies by using a larger sample size and integrating, for example, mixed methods, to delve deeper into the lived experience of these caregivers. They can also offer some avenues for healthcare professionals in assessing their needs and suggest the importance of developing interventions and services to facilitate their various transitions.Introduction : Les personnes vivant avec un trouble neurocognitif Ă  dĂ©but prĂ©coce (TNC-DP) Ă©prouvent de nombreuses difficultĂ©s, tant dans leur vie professionnelle, personnelle, que familiale et conjugale, et le diagnostic prend souvent de nombreuses annĂ©es Ă  ĂȘtre posĂ©. Pendant cette attente, peu de services adaptĂ©s sont disponibles. Des Ă©tudes ont dĂ©crit les changements qu’entraĂźne cette situation pour les conjoints, mais peu d’écrits se sont intĂ©ressĂ©s aux transitions qui jalonnent leur cheminement. Objectif : Explorer, chez des conjoints-aidants de personnes vivant avec un TNC-DP diagnostiquĂ© depuis plus de 2 ans, les perceptions des transitions auxquelles ils font face, les conditions qui ont un impact sur la rĂ©ussite des transitions, et les patrons de rĂ©ponses qu’ils utilisent. MĂ©thode : S’appuyant sur la thĂ©orie des transitions de Meleis et al. (2000), cette Ă©tude pilote a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e au moyen d’entrevues semi-dirigĂ©es menĂ©es auprĂšs de 3 conjoints-aidants. Le verbatim des entrevues transcrites a Ă©tĂ© analysĂ© selon la mĂ©thode proposĂ©e par PaillĂ© et Mucchielli (2021). RĂ©sultats : Les thĂšmes ayant Ă©mergĂ© de l’analyse sont : 1) un long parcours de proche aidance jalonnĂ© de multiples transitions; 2) des conditions personnelles et communautaires qui influencent le succĂšs des multiples transitions et 3) une variĂ©tĂ© de stratĂ©gies pour composer avec le rĂŽle de conjoint-aidant. Discussion et conclusion : Les rĂ©sultats de l’étude offrent un Ă©clairage sur la rĂ©alitĂ© de certains conjoints-aidants. Ils peuvent inspirer la poursuite d’études avec un Ă©chantillon Ă©largi et intĂ©grant, par exemple, des mĂ©thodes mixtes, pour explorer davantage le vĂ©cu de ces aidants. Ils offrent aussi certaines pistes pour guider les professionnels de la santĂ© dans l’évaluation de leurs besoins et suggĂšrent l’importance de dĂ©velopper des interventions et de services pour faciliter leurs diverses transitions

    Involvement of end users in the development of serious games for health care professions education : systematic descriptive review

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    Background: On the basis of ethical and methodological arguments, numerous calls have been made to increase the involvement of end users in the development of serious games (SGs). Involving end users in the development process is considered a way to give them power and control over educational software that is designed for them. It can also help identify areas for improvement in the design of SGs and improve their efficacy in targeted learning outcomes. However, no recognized guidelines or frameworks exist to guide end users’ involvement in SG development. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe how end users are involved in the development of SGs for health care professions education. Methods: We examined the literature presenting the development of 45 SGs that had reached the stage of efficacy evaluation in randomized trials. One author performed data extraction using an ad hoc form based on a design and development framework for SGs. Data were then coded and synthesized on the basis of similarities. The coding scheme was refined iteratively with the involvement of a second author. Results are presented using frequencies and percentages. Results: End users’ involvement was mentioned in the development of 21 of 45 SGs. The number of end users involved ranged from 12 to 36. End users were often involved in answering specific concerns that arose during the SG design (n=6) or in testing a prototype (n=12). In many cases, researchers solicited input from end users regarding the goals to reach (n=10) or the functional esthetics of the SGs (n=7). Most researchers used self-reported questionnaires (n=7). Conclusions: Researchers mentioned end users’ involvement in the development of less than half of the identified SGs, and this involvement was also poorly described. These findings represent significant limitations to evaluating the impact of the involvement of end users on the efficacy of SGs and in making recommendations regarding their involvement

    Differentiating the design principles of virtual simulations and serious games to enhance nurses’ clinical reasoning

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    Virtual simulations and serious games are e-learning interventions with the potential to enhance nurses' clinical reasoning. However, distinctions in the design principles of each intervention remain ambiguous. Clarifications are needed to distinguish both interventions and ease the articulation between their design principles and the development of clinical reasoning. In this study, we examine the overlapping and unique design principles of virtual simulations and serious games

    PĂ©dagogie en plein air dans l’enseignement supĂ©rieur en contexte de COVID-19 au Canada : guide pĂ©dagogique pour appuyer les personnes enseignantes

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    Ressources Ă©ducatives libresOpen educational resourcesLe prĂ©sent guide a pour objectif de soutenir les rĂ©flexions pĂ©dagogiques des personnes enseignantes qui souhaitent utiliser des milieux extĂ©rieurs dans un contexte de pĂ©dagogie universitaire. Il prĂ©sente les avantages et certains mythes associĂ©s Ă  la pĂ©dagogie en plein air ainsi que des approches pĂ©dagogiques auxquelles on peut recourir. Il propose des questionnements afin d’orienter le choix de la classe et la planification pĂ©dagogique. Finalement, quelques personnes de diffĂ©rents horizons livrent un court tĂ©moignage de leur expĂ©rience

    Influence of Physical Activity Participation on the Associations between Eating Behaviour Traits and Body Mass Index in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

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    Available data reveals inconsistent relationships between eating behaviour traits and markers of adiposity level. It is thus relevant to investigate whether other factors also need to be considered when interpreting the relationship between eating behaviour traits and adiposity. The objective of this cross-sectional study was thus to examine whether the associations between variables of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) and adiposity are influenced by the level of physical activity participation. Information from the TFEQ and physical activity was obtained from 113 postmenopausal women (56.7 ± 4.2 years; 28.5 ± 5.9 kg/m2). BMI was compared between four groups formed on the basis of the physical activity participation and eating behaviour traits medians. In groups of women with higher physical activity participation, BMI was significantly lower in women who presented higher dietary restraint when compared to women who had lower dietary restraint (25.5 ± 0.5 versus 30.3 ± 1.7 kg/m2, P < .05). In addition, among women with lower physical activity participation, BMI was significantly lower in women presenting a lower external hunger than in those with a higher external hunger (27.5 ± 0.8 versus 32.4 ± 1.1 kg/m2, P < .001). Our results suggest that physical activity participation should also be taken into account when interpreting the relationship between adiposity and eating behaviour traits
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