Dos nuevas especies de truchas atlánticas (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) de Marruecos

[EN] Four trout species of the genus Salmo Linnaeus, 1758 have been traditionally recognized in Morocco: S. macrostigma Duméril, 1858; S. pallaryi Pellegrin, 1924; S. pellegrini Werner, 1931 and S. akairos Delling & Doadrio, 2005. Two of these species are mainly distributed in Mediterranean (S. macrostigma) and Atlantic (S. pellegrini) river basins while the other two species are restricted to isolated lakes in the Atlas Mountains, one of them to Ifni Lake (S. akairos) and the other, probably extinct, to Sidi Ali Lake (S. pallaryi). Preliminary phylogenetic and regional studies based on molecular data have found high structuration of the populations of this genus in Morocco. These studies focused on allozymes, microsatellites and mitochondrial markers found genetic differences in populations from Isli Lake (Atlas Mountains) and the Draa Basin in southern Morocco. In this work we provide different morphological and genetic traits to distinguish these populations from Isli Lake and Draa Basin as two different species.[ES] Cuatro especies del género Salmo Linnaeus, 1758 se han reconocido tradicionalmente en Marruecos: S. macrostigma Duméril, 1858; S. pallaryi Pellegrin, 1924; S. pellegrini Werner, 1931 y S. akairos Delling y Doadrio, 2005. Dos de estas especies se distribuyen por las cuencas mediterráneas (S. macrostigma) y atlánticas (S. pellegrini), mientras que las otras dos están restringidas a lagos aislados en las montañas del Atlas, una de ellas al Lago Ifni (S. akairos) y la otra, probablemente extinta, al Lago de Sidi Alí (S. pallaryi). Estudios filogenéticos preliminares y estudios regionales basados en alozimas, microsatélites y marcadores mitocondriales hallaron una alta estructuración de las poblaciones de este género en Marruecos, con diferencias genéticas significativas en las poblaciones del lago de Isli (Montañas del Atlas) y de la cuenca del Draa en el sur de Marruecos. En el presente trabajo nosotros proveemos evidencia morfológica y genética para distinguir estas poblaciones del lago de Isli y de la cuenca del Draa como dos especies diferentes.Peer Reviewe

Effects of Pleistocene marine transgressions on the evolutionary history of the genus Squalius (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) in Southern Iberia

Póster presentado en: V Jornadas Ibéricas de Ictiología (SIBIC), At Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência ( Lisboa, Portugal), 2014[EN] To study the effects that these geological and climatic events could have had above populations of freshwater fishes inhabiting Southern Spain during Cenozoic period in Gibraltar Strait region, we carried out a phylogeographical and demographic approach of two species of primary freshwater fishes (Squalius malacitanus and Squalius pyrenaicus) using nuclear and mitochondrial genes as molecular markers. In the phylogenetic study our results showed four well-differenced groups, divided into two main phylogroups, belonging to each studied species and reflecting an allopatric distribution. The two groups found in the species Squalius malacitanus have higher divergences than S. pyrenaicus . Therefore, we conducted a molecular and morphometric study of Atlantic and Mediterranean populations to characterize the two populations from a taxonomic point of view. In both species, Mediterranean populations showed a lower genetic diversity than Atlantic populations and we observed a correlation between area basin and genetic diversity. Moreover, we carried out a study of endemic and endangered species S. malacitanus.[ES] Primary freshwater fishes, whose dispersion is limited mainly to inside river basins, are commonly used with biogeographical purposes. The Gibraltar Strait area is one of the most complex biogeographical regions during the Cenozoic due to tectonical and climatic processes, which must severely affect to populations of organisms inhabiting this area. To study the effects that these geological and climatic events could have had above populations of freshwater fishes inhabiting Southern Spain, we realized a phylogeographical and demographic approach of two species: Squalius malacitanus and Squalius pyrenaicus, using cytochrome b (mtDNA) and RAG-1 (nDNA) as molecular markers. Both S. malacitanus and S. pyrenaicus are primary fish belonging to Cyprinidae family and endemic from the Iberian Peninsula. The species S malacitanus has a more restricted distribution area, is only present in southern Spain, and has been listed as endangered in (lo saqué de Kottelat). We carried out a study of S. malacitanus habitat availability to predict its future distribution and the most important variables to improve its conservation status. Our results showed four well-differenced groups in the phylogenetic study, grouped into two main phylogroups, belonging to each studied species and reflecting an allopatric distribution. The two groups found in the species Squalius malacitanus have higher divergences than S. pyrenaicus and are distributed one by the Atlantic slope of Gibraltar Strait and the other by the Mediterranean ones. In both species, Mediterranean populations showed a lower genetic diversity than Atlantic populations and we observed a correlation between area basin and genetic diversity. Moreover, we conducted a molecular and morphometric study of Atlantic and Mediterranean populations to characterize the two populations since a taxonomic point of view.This study was funded by project CGL2010-15231BOSPeer reviewe

A molecular model to explain the controlled release from SBA-15 functionalized with APTES

A molecular model with the approximate pore diameter of SBA-15 was constructed for the first time to investigate the effect of functionalize the matrix with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane (APTES) in the release of Chicago Sky Blue 6B (CSB). It was expected that the positively charged amino groups of APTES could interact with the negatively charged sulphonic groups of CSB allowing controlling the release process. Indeed the experimental study showed that the release kinetics of CSB from SBA-15-APTES is two orders of magnitude smaller than from native SBA-15. However molecular modelling calculations investigating the possible interactions of APTES and SBA-15 yield unexpected results. In the model including only the condensation between the silanol groups of SBA-15 and APTES, the calculated interaction energy of CSB was quite similar than with the model of native SBA-15. However when additional electrostatic interactions of the -NH2 groups of APTES with the mesoporous matrix were modelled the mesoporous channels underwent a considerable deformation. These results point to the structure deformation as the cause of the greater retention of CSB in SBA-15-APTES and warn about the special features of AFTES when used to functionalize mesoporous silica materials. The model built in this paper could be used to construct predictive models in analogous drug delivery systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

A cryptic species of freshwater fishes in Southern Spain is found by way of molecular analysis of the genus Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 (Acanthopterygii, Cyprinidae)

Poster presentado en: 16th Conference Young Systematists’ Forum, At Natural History Museum, London, UK, (2014)The taxonomy of the Spanish freshwater fishes was mainly precluded for the monumental work of Lozano Rey (1935). This work considered the same origin to the Iberian and the rest of European fish fauna. Differences in morphology many times were assigned to small local variations and Spanish populations were attributed taxonomically to subspecies of well recognized central and north European species. This vision of Spanish freshwater fishes has changed because of molecular systematics, which found a high diversity and different origins to this fish fauna. The number of species was increasing since 1980 and an endemic cyprinid, Squalius malacitanus (Doadrio and Carmona, 2006), was currently described. As consequence of a phylogeographical approach to all populations of Squalius malacitanus using nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers, we found two deep divergent groups. These two groups have higher divergences than other Spanish species of same genus.This study was funded by project CGL2010-15231BOS.Peer reviewe

Current occurrence of the Atlantic sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus in northern Spain: A new prospect for sturgeon conservation in western Europe

Acipenser oxyrinchus is considered extirpated in Europe, but numerous breeding populations still exist on the Atlantic coast of North America. An adult female A. oxyrinchus, 2500 mm total length and 120 kg wet weight, was accidentally fished on 24 November 2010 near the coast of Gijón, Asturias, Spain. The fish was identified by its morphological pattern as well as by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses. Because the sturgeon was found far away from any known breeding area, it was considered a stray or vagrant specimen. It certainly has a natural origin, but its eventual birthplace could not be determined. Because its current occurrence was unknown in southwestern Europe until now, the species is not cataloged or protected in this area. Therefore, the residual European stocks of A. oxyrinchus ought to be listed as Critically Endangered (CR) according to the IUCN categories. Likewise, it is imperative for southwestern European countries with an historic or recent occurrence of A. oxyrinchus to protect the species through domestic and international legislation. The present sympatric occurrence of A. sturio and A. oxyrinchus raises new challenges about key questions, such as the species selection for restoration program in European countries. Accurate monitoring is mandatory to obtain appropriate information for an assessment of the current occurrence of A. oxyrinchus in southwestern Europe.Peer reviewe

Taxonomía de las especies reófilas del género Luciobarbus Heckel, 1842 (Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae) de Marruecos con la descripción de dos nuevas especies

[EN] The genus Luciobarbus Heckel, 1843 is characterized by medium to large fish species occurring in large rivers and downstream zones with slow-moving waters. Remarkably also rheophilic Luciobarbus occur in Morocco, which are of small size and exhibit distinct morphological traits as well as different habitat requirements. These rheophilic species have traditionally been assigned to Luciobarbus nasus (Günther, 1874) and L. magniatlantis (Pellegrin, 1919), although some authors consider L. magniatlantis as a junior synonym of L. nasus. This lack of consensus on the taxonomy of rheophilic barbs is constrained by limited population studies that do not encompass their entire distribution range. Using molecular, morphometric, and osteological data we studied populations of rheophilic barbs of three drainage basins in which they are currently present: Tensift, Moulouya and Oum er Rbia. Our results clearly identified the rheophilic barbs of each basin as different species. The species Luciobarbus magniatlantis is a well-recognized species endemic to Tensift Basin. In contrast, the investigated populations from the Moulouya and Oum er Rbia basins could not be assigned to any previously described species. Consequently, we describe two new Luciobarbus species in the Moulouya and Oum er Rbia basins.[ES] El género Luciobarbus Heckel, 1843 se caracteriza por presentar especies de medio y gran tamaño que viven en las zonas bajas de grandes ríos con aguas lentas. Singularmente, en Marruecos también existen especies reófilas del género Luciobarbus de pequeño tamaño y que presentan diferentes caracteres morfológicos y distintos requerimientos de hábitat. Estas especies reófilas han sido tradicionalmente asignadas a Luciobarbus nasus (Günther, 1874) y L. magniatlantis (Pellegrin, 1919) aunque algunos autores consideran a L. magniatlantis como un sinónimo de L. nasus. Esta falta de consenso en la taxonomía de los barbos reófilos está limitada por los escasos estudios poblacionales realizados que no abarcan la totalidad del área de distribución de estos barbos. Nosotros, usando datos moleculares, morfométricos y osteológicos, estudiamos las poblaciones de los barbos reófilos de tres cuencas hidrográficas, en las cuales están actualmente presentes: Tensift, Moulouya y Oum er Rbia. Nuestros resultados claramente identifican a los barbos reófilos de cada una de estas cuencas como diferentes especies. La especie L. magniatlantis es una especie bien definida y endémica de la cuenca del Tensift. En contraste, las poblaciones analizadas de las cuencas del Moulouya y Oum er Rbia no pudieron ser asignadas a ninguna especie previamente descrita. Consecuentemente, nosotros describimos dos nuevas especies de Luciobarbus en las cuencas del Moulouya y del Oum er Rbia.Peer Reviewe

Pardilla oretana – Iberochondrostoma oretanum (Doadrio y Carmona, 2003)

Peces - Orden Cypriniformes - Familia Cyprinidae en la Enciclopedia Virtual de Vertebrados Españoles, http://www.vertebradosibericos.org/. Versiones anteriores: 17-12-2009A comprehensive review of the natural history of the oretanian pardilla Iberochondrostoma oretanum in Spain.Peer reviewe