Suicide in the indigenous population of latin america : a systematic review

Objetivo Se han reportado altas tasas de suicidio en algunas minorías étnicas, entre ellas comunidades indígenas en Latinoamérica. Este fenómeno se considera un problema de salud pública. Realizamos una revisión sistemática para describirlo. Métodos Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus, PscycNET, Scielo y Google Scholar. Resultados Se encontró un total inicial de 1.862 referencias; de estos artículos, se incluyeron 41 para extracción de datos según los criterios de inclusión, de los que 21 hacen referencia a Brasil, 13 a Colombia, 2 a Chile, 1 a Perú y 4 artículos a diferentes países agrupados. Las comunidades indígenas están pasando por un fenómeno de «muerte cultural» en el que los cambios en las culturas, los estilos de vida, la industrialización, la invasión del medio ambiente y el consumo de alcohol se convierten en desencadenantes del suicidio.Q4Artículo de revisión237-242Objective Due to the high rates of suicide reported among many ethnic minorities, a systematic review is presented on suicide in indigenous populations of Latin America. Methods Systematic review in PubMed, Scopus, PsycNET, Scielo and Scholar Google. Results From an initial total of 1862 articles, 41 were included for data extraction. They include 21 from Brazil, 13 from Colombia, 2 from Chile, 1 from Peru, and 4 articles grouped from different countries. Suicide is a public health issue in many communities. Lifestyle changes, industrialisation, environmental degradation, and alcohol have led the indigenous population experiencing what has been described as “cultural death.

Equipamento inderbitzen modificado para simulação da erosão hídrica em amostras de solo indeformado

Several devices have been developed to assess soil losses by water erosion. However, they rarely assess the combined effects of raindrop impact and surface runoff together with vegetation cover on varying slopes. This study aimed to design and validate an equipment, on laboratory scale, to evaluate the effect of water erosion on undisturbed soil samples with and without plant cover, as well as to assess the kinetic energy of simulated rain and the resultant shear stress at varying runoff intensities. The equipment is composed of a rainfall simulator, an adjustable stand for different slopes and falling heights, and a runoff ramp for testing undisturbed soil samples measuring 15 x 20 x 40 cm (height, width, and length). In this study, the equipment simulated and evaluated the effect of precipitation and runoff on soil losses, allowing to obtain different values of the kinetic energy of precipitation and runoff. For a f low rate of 12 L min-1 and slope of 35%, the shear stress could reach up to 8 Pa. Furthermore, the equipment showed the effect of vegetation cover and slope on soil losses in different granulometric fractions (< 0.106 mm, 0.106 to 0.25 mm, 0.25 to 0.5 mm, 0.5 to 1.0 mm, 1.0 to 2.0 mm, and > 2.0 mm), revealing the potential of its use in several erosion studies on a laboratory scale.Diversos equipamentos foram desenvolvidos para a avaliação das perdas de solo por erosão hídrica. No entanto, raramente eles avaliam o efeito do impacto das gotas de chuva e do escoamento superficial em conjunto com a cobertura vegetal em diferentes declividades. Este estudo objetivou projetar e validar um equipamento, em escala de laboratório, para avaliar o efeito da erosão hídrica em amostras indeformadas de solo, bem como avaliar a velocidade de queda e tamanho das gotas de chuva simulada na superfície do solo e a intensidade do escoamento superficial em amostras com e sem cobertura vegetal. O equipamento é composto de um simulador de chuva, um suporte ajustável para diferentes declividades e alturas de queda e uma rampa de escoamento para testar amostras de solo indeformadas, com 15 x 20 x 40 cm (altura, largura e comprimento). Neste estudo, o equipamento simulou e avaliou o efeito da precipitação e do escoamento superficial nas perdas de solo, possibilitando a obtenção de diferentes valores de energia cinética de precipitação e escoamento. Para uma vazão de 12 L min-1 e inclinação de 35%, a tensão de cisalhamento pode chegar a 8 Pa. Além disso, o equipamento evidenciou o efeito da cobertura vegetal e da declividade nas perdas de solo em diferentes frações granulométricas (< 0,106 mm, 0,106 a 0,25 mm, 0,25 a 0,5 mm, 0,5 a 1,0 mm, 1,0 a 2,0 mm, e > 2,0 mm), demonstrando o potencial do seu uso em diversos estudos de erosão em escala de laboratório

Pingüino In-bearing polymetallic vein deposit, Deseado Massif, Patagonia, Argentina: characteristics of mineralization and ore-forming fluids

The Pinguino deposit, located in the low sulfidation epithermal metallogenetical province of the Deseado Massif, Patagonia, Argentina, represents a distinct deposit type in the region. It evolved through two different mineralization events: an early In-bearing polymetallic event that introduced In, Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd, Au, As, Cu, Sn, W and Bi represented by complex sulfide mineralogy, and a late Ag–Au quartz-rich vein type that crosscut and overprints the early polymetallic mineralization. The indium-bearing polymetallic mineralization developed in three stages: an early Cu–Au–In–As–Sn–W–Bi stage (Ps1), a Zn–Pb–Ag–In–Cd–Sb stage (Ps2) and a late Zn–In–Cd (Ps3). Indium concentrations in the polymetallic veins show a wide range (3.4 to 1,184 ppm In). The highest indium values (up to 1,184 ppm) relate to the Ps2 mineralization stage, and are associated with Fe-rich sphalerites, although significant In enrichment (up to 159 ppm) is also present in the Ps1 paragenesis associated with Sn-minerals (ferrokesterite and cassiterite). The hydrothermal alteration associated with the polymetallic mineralization is characterized by advanced argillic alteration within the immediate vein zone, and sericitic alteration enveloping the vein zone. Fluid inclusion studies indicate homogenisation temperatures of 308.2–327°C for Ps1 and 255–312.4°C for Ps2, and low to moderate salinities (2 to 5 eq.wt.% NaCl and 4 to 9 eq.wt.% NaCl, respectively). δ34S values of sulfide minerals (+0.76‰ to +3.61‰) indicate a possible magmatic source for the sulfur in the polymetallic mineralization while Pb isotope ratios for the sulfides and magmatic rocks (206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of 17.379 to 18.502; 15.588 to 15.730 and 38.234 to 38.756, respectively) are consistent with the possibility that the Pb reservoirs for both had the same crustal source. Spatial relationships, hydrothermal alteration styles, S and Pb isotopic data suggest a probable genetic relation between the polymetallic mineralization and dioritic intrusions that could have been the source of metals and hydrothermal fluids. Mineralization paragenesis, alteration mineralogy, geochemical signatures, fluid inclusion data and isotopic data, confirm that the In-bearing polymetallic mineralization from Pinguino deposit is a distinct type, in comparison with the well-known epithermal low sulfidation mineralization from the Deseado Massif.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Changes in soil profile hydraulic properties and porosity as affected by deep tillage soil preparation and Brachiaria grass intercropping in a recent coffee plantation on a naturally dense Inceptisol

Soil management operations change soil porosity, affecting water infiltration, redistribution, storage, availability, and uptake by plants. Assessing how soil management may affect pore size distribution and hydraulic conductivity is thus highly relevant for rainfed agriculture coping with water shortage. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of tillage treatments, designed to deepen coffee plants root system, on improving structure and physical-hydric attributes of an Inceptisol with a shallow solum. The study was conducted in an experimental area in the municipality of Nazareno, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Soil samples were collected 18 months after coffee plantation, at different depths (0, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55, 0.66, and 0.75 m) and they were used to determine pore-size distribution, saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity. Samples were also collected in surface crusts or in the 0−0.005 m soil layer for detailed grain size analysis. Field water infiltration was measured at different water tensions. Coffee seedlings were planted in rows furrowed to depths depending on tillage treatment: 0.4 m depth, made by a furrow ridger (FP40); 0.6 m depth, made by a subsoiler coupled to a soil preparer mixing the soil to a depth of 0.6 m (FP60); 0.8 m depth, made by a subsoiler and, after mixing the soil to a depth of 0.6 m, by the soil preparer (FP80). The soil between the planting rows was covered by Brachiaria-grass. Soil sampling and field tests were performed in the coffee plants row mechanically treated, in the Brachiaria-grassed inter-row (IR) lane and in a nearby area under natural vegetation (NC). Treatments effects, either mechanical in the coffee rows (FP40, FP 60 and FP80), or biological in the inter-row lane (IR) were compared to reference (NC), representing soil conditions prior to coffee plantation. The FP60 and FP80 treatments improved water infiltration, storage and hydraulic conductivity in the planting rows to a depth of 0.5 m. A more favorable pore size distribution was obtained following these treatments, which improved the soil physical environment. Conversely, furrowing promoted compaction at each implement working depth due to the pressure applied by the rods in the subsurface soil layers, combined with subsoil moisture condition at the time of operations. Root activity of intercropped Brachiaria-grass (IR) improved soil structure, expressed by a favorable pore-size distribution and a faster hydraulic conductivity in the inter-row lane. Similar effects were obtained with FP 60 and FP80 for the coffee rows, where deep furrowing during soil preparation reduced the natural density of the Inceptisol. Therefore, the management strategies tested allowed root deepening and access to soil moisture stored in deeper layers.To Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for granting the scholarship and to the funding agencies Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), CNPq, and Consórcio Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Café - (CBP&D/Café) of Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Unidade Café (Embrapa Café). To Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA) and Departamento de Ciência do Solo (DCS) for the provided support. To Frade farm for allowing and aiding in the installation of the experiment and to IF Goiano for support of our research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nutritional supplements in chronic kidney disease

Introducción: El estado nutricional de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) influye sobre el progreso de la enfermedad y se asocia al incremento en el riesgo cardiovascular. Revisamos en la literatura el efecto de los suplementos nutricionales en estos pacientes. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos electrónicas Pubmed y Embase para encontrar estudios clínicos que relacionaran el efecto de los suplementos y/o complementos nutricionales con ERC. Resultados: De 353 artículos que resultaron inicialmente, se seleccionaron 26, de los cuales 23 fueron realizados en población con falla renal. En los pacientes con suplencia, se reportaron efectos como disminución en los niveles de homocisteína tras la administración de zinc, omega-3 y ácido fólico. Adicionalmente, se evidenció disminución en los metabolitos de estrés oxidativo. Con la terapia de suplementación con vitamina D se observó mejoría en el perfil lipídico y diminución en hemoglobina glicosilada y PCR. Discusión: Los suplementos y/o complementos nutricionales compuestos por probióticos, ácidos grasos de cadena larga (omega-3), proteínas, elementos de traza, antioxidantes y ácido fólico podrían ser de importancia en pacientes con ERC ante los efectos benéficos que han demostrado tener, por la reducción en la homocisteína y otros factores derivados del estrés oxidativo considerados marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular, o también por disminuirse la prevalencia de malnutrición en esta población. Los estudios sugieren que los suplementos y/o complementos nutricionales podrían retrasar el deterioro renal progresivo y reducir los marcadores de riesgo cardiovascular, principalmente en aquellos compuestos por omega-3.Completo89-98Introduction: The nutritional status of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects the progress of the disease and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We reviewed the literature in search of the effect of nutritional supplements in these patients.Methods: Our search included the electronic databases Pubmed and Embase and was structured to find clinical studies relating the effect of supplements and/or nutritional supplements with CKD.Results: In total the search resulted in 353 articles, 26 were selected, of which 23 were performed in people with kidney failure. In patients with supplements, effects such as decrease in homocysteine levels after administration of zinc, omega-3 and folic acid were reported. Addi-tionally, reduction was observed in the metabolites of oxidative stress. In therapy with vitamin D supplementation resulted in improvements in the lipid profile and reduction in the levels of glycated hemoglobin and PCR.Discussion: Supplements and/or nutritional compliments with compounds probiotics, long chain fatty acids (omega-3), proteins, trace ele-ments, antioxidants and folic acid; Could be relevant in patients with CKD because they have demonstrated positive effects such as reducing homocysteine and other factors caused by oxidative stress, and in reducing the prevalence of malnutrition in this population. Studies suggest that supplements and/or nutritional compliments may delay progressive renal deterioration and decrease cardiovascular risk markers, main-ly those supplements composed by omega-3

Impronta territoriale di un prodotto alimentare. La ricerca dell’Università di Ferrara in difesa del Made in Italy

L’Università di Ferrara ha lavorato negli ultimi anni su metodologie innovative di analisi geochimiche per la valutazione della qualità dei prodotti agricoli italiani: mele, pere, graminacee e vino. La ricerca è rivolta principalmente alla difesa del made in Italy e alla tutela dei prodotti di origine protetta. Adesso, con il progetto “Territorialità del Prosecco”, il team costituito da: Salvatore Pepi, Luigi Sansone, Diego Tomasi, Patrick Marcuzzo e Stefano Soligo e coordinato dalla professoressa Carmela Vaccaro del Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della terra dell’Università di Ferrara ha messo a punto un innovativo metodo di analisi, finalizzato a definire l'unicità di uve e vini, applicato ad uno dei più importanti distretti viti-vinicoli italiani. Il Prosecco è un vino di eccellenza, la cui denominazione fa riferimento a un territorio definito e a un certo numero di cantine e di aziende vinicole. Data la notevole richiesta del mercato, si sono rese necessarie misure di controllo che evitino contraffazioni, tagli delle uve, usi impropri o illeciti della denominazione. In sintesi, attraverso una serie di analisi integrate che riguardano il suolo, la composizione del prodotto (uva e vino) e le sue caratteristiche qualitative, è stato possibile definire “ l’impronta territoriale” del Prosecco, ovvero le caratteristiche che un vino deve avere, se è stato davvero prodotto nel territorio e nelle cantine che fanno parte del distretto. L’analisi del suolo riguarda le caratteritiche geochimiche del terreno, la sua tessitura, l’impronta climatica. L’analisi della composizione chimica consente il riconoscimento del prodotto e l’individuazione delle quantità di elementi minerali (calcio, magnesio, sodio, potassio, ferro, etc.) che lo caratterizzano. La stessa analisi consente di individuare la presenza o l’assenza di componenti con caratteri di tossicità, che contribuiscono a definire la qualità del prodotto. I risultati di queste analisi costituiscono “ l’impronta territoriale ” del prodotto, impronta che non può essere falsificata. Un vino prodotto con uve provenienti da altri territori, o anche solo tagliato con uve diverse, non può avere la stessa composizione chimica del Prosecco originale, anche se solo all’apparenza la qualità è uguale. La metodologia applicata per la definizione dell’impronta territoriale” consente valutazioni molto mirate, al punto che sullo stesso territorio i prodotti di imprese vinicole differenti hanno impronte diverse. Al termine del progetto, dopo una fase di caratterizzazione dei prodotti di ogni cantina, ogni impresa vinicola della zona di produzione avrà la propria impronta territoriale, informazione che potrà in futuro entrare nell’etichetta e tutelare il prodotto finito

Age and origin of the Paramillos de Uspallata Pb-Zn-Ag vein deposit in the Cuyo basin, Argentina: Constraints from structural controls and isotopic evidence

The Paramillos de Uspallata deposit, located in the Cuyo rift basin, is a Pb–Zn–Ag vein deposit hosted by Mesozoic Triassic volcano-sedimentary sequences. In the present study, new geological and isotopic data is used to constrain the age, source and structural controls of the ore forming fluids. The isotopic data suggest a Middle Cretaceous age for the mineralization and that mineralizing fluids were formed from a mixture of sources that includes the Permian volcanic rocks from the basin basement and the Triassic basalts, with Pb (and Sr) isotopic composition typical of the upper crust. Regional structural analysis allowed to conclude that the veins formed within large-scale reactivated structures that affect the basin basement. Local structural analysis showed that the mineralization was controlled by extensional and shear-extensional WNW-ESE to NW-SE and shear E-W trending structures. Kinematic analyses performed in the veins evidenced a transtensional environment with a NE extension direction and E-W dextral shear. In this scenario fluids were channeled by a strike-slip-faulting system connected with a deep weakness zone during the beginning of the Andean Orogeny. This study provides new insights into the genesis and the geodynamic scenario of Pb–Zn–Ag vein deposit.Fil: Orellano Ricchetti, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Winocur, Diego Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Estudios Andinos "Don Pablo Groeber"; ArgentinaFil: Rubinstein, Nora Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geociencias Básicas, Aplicadas y Ambientales de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Tassinari, Colombo C. G.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi