Comprehensive Review of the Papers Presented at the 7th International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network Conference

Objectives:  Advance practice nurses are not currently prepared to understand the differences and similarities in educational preparation, scope of practice, and governing regulations from a global perspective.  The purpose of this review was to develop themes and identify differences in practice from an international advance practice perspective.Design: A comprehensive review was done of the abstracts submitted to the 7th International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Conference.Data Sources: Abstracts presented at the 7th International Nurse Practitioner/Advanced Practice Nursing Network Conference.Review Methods:  In order to conduct a comprehensive review of the abstracts, the 238 abstracts  were organized and placed in a table by type of research, clinical scope of practice, country of origin, and type of institutions represented. A meta-analysis was done of the abstracts to summarize, evaluate, and analyze common themes.Results:  Common themes in the abstracts emerged as, the use applied research, advanced practice professional regulation, and the educational preparation of nurse practitioners.Conclusions:  In an effort to meet the demands of patients, nurse practitioners are the ideal providers to provide quality, cost-effective care. They are specifically educated to manage acute and chronic illnesses and they can meet the demands of primary health care needs.  This conference brought together leaders in nursing with a common goal of sharing research, experiences, and to help understand the complex healthcare interventions and polices that affect APN practice

Chemistry in your KITchen: At home chemistry practicals for first year health science students

COVID-19 has permanently changed teaching and learning in higher education. There is an increased need for flexibility in learning activities for students. One innovation that provides flexibility for students is the use of take-home laboratory practicals. Take-home practicals provide a remote learning opportunity in a space where hands-on learning may not normally be possible. There are several examples of one-off take-home practicals (Andrews et al., 2020; Caruana et al., 2020; Orzolek & Kozlowski, 2021; Parel et al., 2021; Santiago et al., 2022) as well as semester-long integration of take-home practicals (Funnell et al., 2022; Burns et al., 2021). Our intervention is one of the first reported large-scale, semester-long trials of take-home practicals aligned with the curriculum. In semester 1 2022, we designed and delivered co-curricular take-home kits for 170 first-year chemistry students. Each kit included everything needed to conduct five experiments, adapted from the five assessed experiments conducted face-to-face in the unit. The kits were supplemented with self-led practical instructions and optional synchronous zoom sessions with support staff to conduct the experiments together. In this presentation, we will discuss student engagement and learning outcomes from this large-scale pilot as well as recommendations for future co-curricular kit development.  REFERENCES Andrews, J. L., de Los Rios, J. P., Rayaluru, M., Lee, S., Mai, L., Schusser, A., & Mak, C. H. (2020). Experimenting with At-Home General Chemistry Laboratories During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(7), 1887–1894. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00483   Burns, A., Andronicos, N., Henderson, S., & Labeur, L. (2021). Student response to a multi-topic kitchen practical experience in undergraduate core biology [conference presentation]. Proceedings of the Australian Conference on Science and Mathematics Education 2021, Australia. Caruana, D. J., Salzmann, C. G., & Sella, A. (2020). Practical science at home in a pandemic world. Nature Chemistry, 12(9), 780–783. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-0543-z   Funnell, A., Fullwood, J., Lazari, P., & Williams, G. (2022). One kit to rule them all: Designing take home lab kits at programme level. 2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 1490–1495. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON52537.2022.9766600   Orzolek, B. J., & Kozlowski, M. C. (2021). Separation of Food Colorings via Liquid–Liquid Extraction: An At-Home Organic Chemistry Lab. Journal of Chemical Education, 98(3), 951–957. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c01286   Parel, P., Burnett, L., Geoffroy, M., Parel, J., & Hao, L. (2021). Determining the Acetic Acid Concentration in White Vinegar: An At-Home Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment During the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2021-hxb4r   Santiago, D. E., Pulido Melián, E., & Vaswani Reboso, J. (2022). Lab at home in distance learning: A case study. Education for Chemical Engineers, 40, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2022.05.00

FROM THE LAB BENCH TO THE KITCHEN BENCH: SUPPORTING SCIENCE SKILLS TRAINING AT HOME

Lab based learning experiences provide rich opportunities for our students to practise science in an authentic context and help to equip them with the necessary technical skills for their future employment. The recent disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the necessity of the science sector to respond to both the immediate and future challenges associated with the virus. Yet at the same time, opportunities to develop the necessary skill sets were absent; many academics forced to either remove the practical element from courses or supplement with videos and data sets for analysis. We developed the Kitchen Lab program to provide a safe-to-fail, learner-centred environment for students to further develop technical skills and confidence that will support their success. Workshops are curriculum aligned, inquiry-based, and free from assessment. In the current environment, Kitchen Lab could serve as a model to support others in maintaining authentic and physical laboratory learning opportunities for their students. This presentation will discuss the development and implementation of a blended delivery of science skills training in the co-curricular space in response to the enforced shutdown of face-to-face learning on campus. Challenges and opportunities to supporting hands-on skills in this space will be considered

Classifying foods in contexts: How adults categorize foods for different eating settings

This project examined adults\u27 food cognitions by applying schema theory to explain how adults categorized foods for different contexts. Qualitative interviews and repeated card sort activities for different eating contexts were conducted to elicit as many food categories as possible form 42 US adults. Participants labeled card sort piles with their own words, providing 991 card sort labels. Qualitative analysis of the labels resulted in the emergence of 12 category types. Personal-experience-based types were specific to the individual (e.g., Preference). Context-based types were related to situational aspects of eating episodes (e.g., Location). Food-based types were related to intrinsic properties of the foods (e.g., Physical characteristics). Different combinations of the 12 category types were used for different eating contexts. Personal-experience and context-based types were used most frequently overall. Some category types were used more frequently for specific contexts (e.g., Convenience for work contexts). Food-based taxonomic category types were used most frequently when no context was defined. Script-oriented categories were more often used in response to specific eating contexts. These findings provide a framework to consider how individuals classify foods in real-life eating contexts. Attention to personal-experience and context-based category types may help improve understanding of relationships between knowledge and food choice behaviors

Employed parents\u27 satisfaction with food choice coping strategies: Influence of gender and structure

This study aimed to understand parents\u27 evaluations of the way they integrated work-family demands to manage food and eating. Employed, low/moderate-income, urban, U.S., Black, White, and Latino mothers (35) and fathers (34) participated in qualitative interviews exploring work and family conditions and spillover, food roles, and food-choice coping and family-adaptive strategies. Parents expressed a range of evaluations from overall satisfaction to overall dissatisfaction as well as dissatisfaction limited to work, family life, or daily schedule. Evaluation criteria differed by gender. Mothers evaluated satisfaction on their ability to balance work and family demands through flexible home and work conditions, while striving to provide healthy meals for their families. Fathers evaluated satisfaction on their ability to achieve schedule stability and participate in family meals, while meeting expectations to contribute to food preparation. Household, and especially work structural conditions, often served as sizeable barriers to parents fulfilling valued family food roles. These relationships highlight the critical need to consider the intersecting influences of gender and social structure as influences on adults\u27 food choices and dietary intake and to address the challenges of work and family integration among low income employed parents as a way to promote family nutrition in a vulnerable population

Eating routines: Embedded, value based, modifiable, and reflective

Eating routines are a compelling issue because recurring eating behaviors influence nutrition and health. As non-traditional and individualized eating patterns have become more common, new ways of thinking about routine eating practices are needed. This study sought to gain conceptual understanding of working adults\u27 eating routines. Forty-two purposively sampled US adults reported food intake and contextual details about eating episodes in qualitative 24-h dietary recalls conducted over 7 consecutive days. Using the constant comparative method, researchers analyzed interview transcripts for recurrent ways of eating that were either explicitly reported by study participants as routines or emergent in the data. Participants\u27 eating routines included repetition in food consumption as well as eating context, and also involved sequences of eating episodes. Eating routines were embedded in daily schedules for work, family, and recreation. Participants maintained purposeful routines that helped balance tension between demands and values, but they modified routines as circumstances changed. Participants monitored and reflected upon their eating practices and tended to assess their practices in light of their personal identities. These findings provide conceptual insights for food choice researchers and present a perspective from which practitioners who work with individuals seeking to adopt healthful eating practices might usefully approach their tasks

Behavioral Contexts, Food-Choice Coping Strategies, and Dietary Quality of a Multiethnic Sample of Employed Parents

Employed parents\u27 work and family conditions provide behavioral contexts for their food choices. Relationships between employed parents\u27 food-choice coping strategies, behavioral contexts, and dietary quality were evaluated. Data on work and family conditions, sociodemographic characteristics, eating behavior, and dietary intake from two 24-hour dietary recalls were collected in a random sample cross-sectional pilot telephone survey in the fall of 2006. Black, white, and Latino employed mothers (n=25) and fathers (n=25) were recruited from a low/moderate income urban area in upstate New York. Hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward\u27s method) identified three clusters of parents differing in use of food-choice coping strategies (ie, Individualized Eating, Missing Meals, and Home Cooking). Cluster sociodemographic, work, and family characteristics were compared using χ2 and Fisher\u27s exact tests. Cluster differences in dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index 2005) were analyzed using analysis of variance. Clusters differed significantly (P≤0.05) on food-choice coping strategies, dietary quality, and behavioral contexts (ie, work schedule, marital status, partner\u27s employment, and number of children). Individualized Eating and Missing Meals clusters were characterized by nonstandard work hours, grabbing quick food instead of a meal, using convenience entrées at home, and missing meals or individualized eating. The Home Cooking cluster included considerably more married fathers with nonemployed spouses and more home-cooked family meals. Food-choice coping strategies affecting dietary quality reflect parents\u27 work and family conditions. Nutritional guidance and family policy needs to consider these important behavioral contexts for family nutrition health

Antivirals for broader coverage against human coronaviruses

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a genome that is 27–31 kbases in length. Critical genes include the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N) and nine accessory open reading frames encoding for non-structural proteins (NSPs) that have multiple roles in the replication cycle and immune evasion (1). There are seven known human CoVs that most likely appeared after zoonotic transfer, the most recent being SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Antivirals that have been approved by the FDA for use against COVID-19 such as Paxlovid can target and successfully inhibit the main protease (MPro) activity of multiple human CoVs; however, alternative proteomes encoded by CoV genomes have a closer genetic similarity to each other, suggesting that antivirals could be developed now that target future CoVs. New zoonotic introductions of CoVs to humans are inevitable and unpredictable. Therefore, new antivirals are required to control not only the next human CoV outbreak but also the four common human CoVs (229E, OC43, NL63, HKU1) that circulate frequently and to contain sporadic outbreaks of the severe human CoVs (SARS-CoV, MERS and SARS-CoV-2). The current study found that emerging antiviral drugs, such as Paxlovid, could target other CoVs, but only SARS-CoV-2 is known to be targeted in vivo. Other drugs which have the potential to target other human CoVs are still within clinical trials and are not yet available for public use. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 can reduce mortality and hospitalisation rates; however, they target the Spike protein whose sequence mutates frequently and drifts. Spike is also not applicable for targeting other HCoVs as these are not well-conserved sequences among human CoVs. Thus, there is a need for readily available treatments globally that target all seven human CoVs and improve the preparedness for inevitable future outbreaks. Here, we discuss antiviral research, contributing to the control of common and severe CoV replication and transmission, including the current SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The aim was to identify common features of CoVs for antivirals, biologics and vaccines that could reduce the scientific, political, economic and public health strain caused by CoV outbreaks now and in the future

Weight loss for overweight and obese patients with prostate cancer: A study protocol of a randomised trial comparing clinic-based versus telehealth delivered exercise and nutrition intervention (the TelEX trial)

Introduction Obese men with prostate cancer have an increased risk of biochemical recurrence, metastatic disease and mortality. For those undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), substantial increases in fat mass are observed in the first year of treatment. Recently, we showed that a targeted supervised clinic-based exercise and nutrition intervention can result in a substantial reduction in fat mass with muscle mass preserved in ADT-treated patients. However, the intervention needs to be accessible to all patients and not just those who can access a supervised clinic-based programme. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of telehealth delivered compared with supervised clinic-based delivered exercise and nutrition intervention in overweight/obese patients with prostate cancer. Methods and analysis A single-blinded, two-arm parallel group, non-inferiority randomised trial will be undertaken with 104 overweight/obese men with prostate cancer (body fat percentage ≥ 25%) randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1 to a telehealth-delivered, virtually supervised exercise and nutrition programme or a clinic-based, face-to-face supervised exercise and nutrition programme. Exercise will consist of supervised resistance and aerobic exercise performed three times a week plus additional self-directed aerobic exercise performed 4 days/week for the first 6 months. Thereafter, for months 7-12, the programmes will be self-managed. The primary endpoint will be fat mass. Secondary endpoints include lean mass and abdominal aortic calcification, anthropometric measures and blood pressure assessment, objective measures of physical function and physical activity levels, patient-reported outcomes and blood markers. Measurements will be undertaken at baseline, 6 months (post intervention), and at 12 months of follow-up. Data will be analysed using intention-to-treat and per protocol approaches. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained from the Edith Cowan University Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 2021-02157-GALVAO). Outcomes from the study will be published in academic journals and presented in scientific and consumer meetings. Trial registration number: ACTRN12621001312831