In vitro antifungal activities of 26 plant extracts on mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary

Antifungal activities of 26 plant extracts were tested against Phytophthora infestans using radial growth technique. While all tested plant extracts produced some antifungal activities Xanthium strumarium, Lauris nobilis, Salvia officinalis and Styrax officinalis were the most active plants that showed potent antifungal activity. They totally inhibited the mycelial growth of P. infestans. The other tested plant extracts exhibited moderate activity and average daily radial growth of fungus varied from 0.8 to 5.0 mm/day which were significantly lower than the control. The lowest antifungal activity was observed on Cynodon dactylon extract. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged between 2 and 8% (w/v). X. strumarium extract produced the lowest MIC value of 2% which was lower than the standard fungicide Ridomil Gold mz 68 WP. Further studies on isolation and characterization of the active (antifungal) compound is needed before the possible use of the tested extracts in control strategies of this fungus.Keywords: Plant extracts, Phytophthora infestans, antifungal, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC

Assessment of serum glucose/potassium ratio as a predictor for delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome of carbon monoxide poisoning

Introduction: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a crucial cause of delayed neuropsychiatric syndrome (DNS). However, most biomarkers are not satisfactory for the prediction of DNS caused by CO poisoning. Thus, we evaluated the adequacy of the serum glucose/potassium (GLU/K) ratio, which may be an easy, quick, and readily available parameter that can be used in the emergency department for predicting DNS. Methods: We evaluated 281 patients who were admitted to our emergency department between January 2012 and December 2018. The patients were divided into two groups: DNS (+) and DNS (-). The GLU/K was compared for the groups. Results: Glucose, blood urea nitrogen, carboxyhemoglobin, and GLU/K ratios of patients in the DNS (+) group were statistically significantly higher than those patients in DNS (-) group (140 +/- 34 vs. 110 +/- 24,p< 0.001; 17.58 +/- 6.14 vs. 14.27 +/- 5.08,p= 0.003; 29 +/- 5.1 vs. 18.9 +/- 7.6,p< 0.001; and 38.35 +/- 10.11 vs. 28.65 +/- 6.53,p< 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve for GLU/K to predict DNS was measured as 0.791, and 35.9 as a cut-off value had 63.6% sensitivity and 89.6% specificity. Conclusions: DNS development in CO poisoning is a serious and feared complication. We suggest that the GLU/K ratio has a high potential as a rapid, easy preliminary marker for the exclusion of patients who will not subsequently develop DNS

Increased sister chromatid exchanges in workers exposed to occupational lead and zinc

Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in blood lymphocytes was determined in 32 male workers occupationally exposed to lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) and in 20 controls matched for age and smoking habits. Exposed workers have higher SCE mean values than control workers (p 0.05). Our results indicate that Pb may be genotoxic and harmful to human health

Building Drought-Resistant Soil Map by Using GIS

8th International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-Geoinformatics) -- JUL 16-19, 2019 -- Istanbul, TURKEYDEMIRTAS, OZGE/0000-0003-2908-3156WOS: 000562356600031In order to manage the drought caused by changing climatic conditions, the reactions of the soils against the water scarcity must be known. in this research, drought-sensitive soil map was made in Izmir province by using soil properties which are effective in the resistance of soils to drought. These properties were examined in a GIS based model under 4 different headings as soil taxon, geomorphologic units, topography and physicochemical parameters of soils. the water holding capacity of soil taxon varies according to their genetic structure and horizon characteristics. the soil taxon was grouped according to their horizon depth, genetic origin of the parent materials, water holding capacity and they were graded in terms of resistance to drought. the topographic structure of the land was taken into consideration especially in terms of the degree and the shape of the slope such as concave-convex-linear straight etc. Geomorphological units are considered as another important parameter. Soil water budgets can also differ in terms of formation characteristics and location of each geomorphological unit. For example, lands have poor drainage condition, marshes, land around the lagoonary system, old lacustrine flat lands have a location close to surface and subsurface water. in addition, independent of the above mentioned parameters, the physical and chemical properties of soils such as texture, organic material and lime content effect soil water holding capacity. in this study, in order to determine the coexistence of the parameters effecting the soil water budget, a query model which is compatible with Analytic Hierarchy Process method has been formed in GIS. For this purpose, 22 soil great group and 9 soil parameters for each soil great groups were used as sub variable parameters. As a result of the research, a 4-graded drought-resist soil map was created as a base map for drought management projects.George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Istanbul Techn Univ, TARBIL Agr Informat Appl Res Ctr, CSISS Fdn Inc, USDA NIFA, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, Open Geospatial ConsortiumEge University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitEge University [17-ZRF-034]; Agricultural Insurance Pool (TARSIM); Agrovisio Tanm Bilisim CompanyThis study is supported by Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: 17-ZRF-034, Agricultural Insurance Pool (TARSIM) and Agrovisio Tanm Bilisim Company