Assessing the genotoxic effects of two lipid peroxidation products (4-oxo-2-nonenal and 4-hydroxy-hexenal) in haemocytes and midgut cells of Drosophila melanogaster larvae

Marcos, Ricard/0000-0001-7891-357XWOS: 000403625000001PubMed: 28343031Lipid peroxidation products can induce tissue damage and are implicated in diverse pathological conditions, including aging, atherosclerosis, brain disorders, cancer, lung and various liver disorders. Since in vivo studies produce relevant information, we have selected Drosophila melanogaster as a suitable in vivo model to characterise the potential risks associated to two lipid peroxidation products namely 4-oxo-2-nonenal (4-ONE) and 4-hydroxy-hexenal (4-HHE). Toxicity, intracellular reactive oxygen species production, and genotoxicity were the end-points evaluated. Haemocytes and midgut cells were the evaluated targets. Results showed that both compounds penetrate the intestine of the larvae, affecting midgut cells, and reaching haemocytes. Significant genotoxic effects, as determined by the comet assay, were observed in both selected cell targets in a concentration/time dependent manner. This study highlights the importance of D. melanogaster as a model organism in the study of the different biological effects caused by lipid peroxidation products entering via ingestion. This is the first study reporting genotoxicity data in haemocytes and midgut cells of D. melanogaster larvae for the two selected compounds. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

<i>Drosophila</i> as a Robust Model System for Assessing Autophagy: A Review

Autophagy is the process through which a body breaks down and recycles its own cellular components, primarily inside lysosomes. It is a cellular response to starvation and stress, which plays decisive roles in various biological processes such as senescence, apoptosis, carcinoma, and immune response. Autophagy, which was first discovered as a survival mechanism during starvation in yeast, is now known to serve a wide range of functions in more advanced organisms. It plays a vital role in how cells respond to stress, starvation, and infection. While research on yeast has led to the identification of many key components of the autophagy process, more research into autophagy in more complex systems is still warranted. This review article focuses on the use of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a robust testing model in further research on autophagy. Drosophila provides an ideal environment for exploring autophagy in a living organism during its development. Additionally, Drosophila is a well-suited compact tool for genetic analysis in that it serves as an intermediate between yeast and mammals because evolution conserved the molecular machinery required for autophagy in this species. Experimental tractability of host–pathogen interactions in Drosophila also affords great convenience in modeling human diseases on analogous structures and tissues

Genotoxic Effects of Synthetic Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles in the Mouse Lymphoma Assay

Synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles (SAS NPs) have been used in various industries, such as plas-tics, glass, paints, electronics, synthetic rubber, in pharmaceutical drug tablets, and a as food additive in many processed foods. There are few studies in the literature on NPs using gene mutation approaches in mammalian cells, which represents an important gap for genotoxic risk estimations. To fill this gap, themouse lymphoma L5178Y/Tk+/−assay (MLA) was used to evaluate the mutagenic effect for five different concentrations (from 0.01 to 150 g/mL) of two different sizes of SAS NPs (7.172 and 7.652 nm) and a fine collodial form of silicon dioxide (SiO2). This assay detects a broad spectrum of mutational events, from point mutations to chromosome alterations. The results obtained indicate that the two selectedSAS NPs are mutagenic in the MLA assay, showing a concentration-dependent effect. The relative muta-genic potencies according to the induced mutant frequency (IMF) are as follows: SAS NPs (7.172 nm)(IMF = 705.5 × 10−6), SAS NPs (7.652 nm) (IMF = 575.5 × 10−6), and SiO2(IMF = 57.5 × 10−6). These in vitroresults, obtained from mouse lymphoma cells, support the genotoxic potential of NPs as well as focus thediscussion of the benefits/risks associated with their use in different area

Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Are Not Mutagenic in the Mouse Lymphoma Assay But Modulate the Mutagenic Effect of Uv-C-Light Post Treatment

WOS: 000395724300055There are no studies in the literature on nanomaterials (NMs) using gene mutation approaches in mammalian cells, which represents an important gap for genotoxic risk estimations. To fill this gap, mouse lymphoma L5178Y Tk(+/-) assay (MLA) was used to evaluate the mutagenic effect of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Two different NP sizes (between 1-50 and 50-100 nm) of each NP were used. The results indicate that both the selected NMs and their microparticulated forms do not have mutagenic effects. Nevertheless, pre-exposure to these NMs reduce the mutagenic effect of posterior UVC-light exposure, in an indirect concentration-effect relationship. As such, cells previously exposed to low concentrations of the selected NPs show better protective effects against posterior exposure to UVC-light. These in vitro results, obtained from mouse lymphoma cells, support the reproduction of the current literature date on these NPs' genotoxic potential as well as to focus on the discussion on the benefits/risks associated with their use in photo protection sunscreens.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Science Fellowships and Grant Programmes Department (BIDEB), International Post Doctoral Research Fellowship Programme, Ankara (Turkey) [2219]; Generalitat de Catalunya (CIRIT)Generalitat de Catalunya [2014SGR-202]Esref Demir was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Science Fellowships and Grant Programmes Department (BIDEB), 2219-International Post Doctoral Research Fellowship Programme, Ankara (Turkey). This investigation has been supported in part by the Generalitat de Catalunya (CIRIT, 2014SGR-202). We wish to thank Gloria Umbert for her excellent technical assistance

Research data supporting "Independent effects on cellular and humoral immune responses underlie genotype-by-genotype interactions between Drosophila and parasitoids"

Datasets and scripts to generate each figure panel are divided in separate folders. Scripts generate and save each figure as a PDF file. Statistics are generated at the end of each script. Folders: Fig1A – The encapsulation phenotype is recorded for individual larva per treatment and genotype. Fig1B – The melanization phenotype is recorded for individual larva per treatment and genotype. Fig2 – The number of plasmatocytes and lamellocytes is recorded from pool of 6 larvae per treatment and genotype. Fig3A – Gene expression is recorded as raw Ct values from qPCR for housekeeping gene and test gene per treatment and genotype. Fig3B – Phenoloxidase activity is recorded as raw absorbance value per time point, treatment and genotype. FigS1 – The encapsulation phenotype is recorded per vial with 40 transferred larvae before infection

Does the 3-aminobenzamide effect on bacterial translocation affect experimental acute necrotizing pancreatitis?

Background/aims: One of the most important complications of acute pancreatitis is the secondary bacterial infections of the pancreas and gut. Translocation of bacteria from the gut is accepted as being responsible for the development of septic complications in acute pancreatitis. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effect of PARP inhibition via 3-aminobenzamide on the bacterial translocation in acute pancreatitis. Methods: 45 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into three groups. Group I (Sham+saline) received normal saline infusion into the common biliopancreatic duct. Acute pancreatitis was induced in Group II (acute pancreatitis+saline) and Group III (acute pancreatitis+3-aminobenzamide) by the retrograde injection of taurocholate into the common biliopancreatic duct. Six hours after induction of pancreatitis, the rats in Group I and II were treated with saline (1 ml, every 12 hours), while the rats in Group III were treated with 3-aminobenzamide (10 mg/kg/day every 12 hours), intraperitoneally. In the 54(th) hour of the study, blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical, microbiological and histopathological analysis. Results: Acute pancreatitis developed in Groups II and III. Pathologic score [median (25-75% percentiles). of the pancreatitis in Group III [8 (7-9)] was significantly lower than in Group II [19 (18-21)] (p0.05). Improvement in bacterial translocation was correlated with reducing oxidative stress. Conclusions: We demonstrated that 3-aminobenzamide therapy improved histopathologic score and oxidative stress in experimental pancreatitis. In addition, it was demonstrated microbiologically and histopathologically that 3-aminobenzamide therapy improves bacterial translocation. Further survival studies demonstrating the efficacy of 3-aminobenzamide therapy and explaining the potential mechanisms of bacterial translocation prevention in acute necrotizing pancreatitis will be beneficial

Facial diplegia: etiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic evaluation

ABSTRACT Objective Facial diplegia (FD) is a rare neurological manifestation with diverse causes. This article aims to systematically evaluate the etiology, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of FD. Method The study was performed retrospectively and included 17 patients with a diagnosis of FD. Results Patients were diagnosed with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) (11), Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (1), neurosarcoidosis (1), non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (1), tuberculous meningitis (1) herpes simplex reactivation (1) and idiopathic (1). In addition, two patients had developed FD during pregnancy. Conclusion Facial diplegia is an ominous symptom with widely varying causes that requires careful investigation

Dealing with the gray zones in the management of gastric cancer: The consensus statement of the Istanbul Group

The geographical location and differences in tumor biology significantly change the management of gastric cancer. The prevalence of gastric cancer ranks fifth and sixth among men and women, respectively, in Turkey. The international guidelines from the Eastern and Western countries fail to manage a considerable amount of inconclusive issues in the management of gastric cancer. The uncertainties lead to significant heterogeneities in clinical practice, lack of homogeneous data collection, and subsequently, diverse outcomes