La psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert

La psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert (PFT) est une version modifiée de la psychothérapie psychodynamique classique et spécialisée pour les troubles graves de la personnalité. Elle se fonde sur les principes de la psychanalyse et sur la théorie des relations objectales. L’organisation du monde psychique se structure à partir de l’expérience des interrelations personnelles impliquant une pulsion venant buter contre un objet et produisant un affect agréable ou désagréable. L’expérience ainsi vécue structure une dyade relationnelle impliquant une représentation de Soi et une représentation de l’autre liées par l’affect éprouvé. Par la suite, les représentations s’intègrent les unes aux autres pour former un monde interne évolué, souple, dynamique, adaptée à la réalité externe ou, au contraire, un monde primitif, rigide et fréquemment en conflit avec la réalité externe. La psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert se propose justement de faire évoluer la structure de la personnalité par le biais d’une analyse soutenue de l’expérience relationnelle vécue avec le psychothérapeute, la mise à jour des représentations de soi et de l’autre et de l’affect qui les lie et la prise de conscience des désirs et motifs inconscients de la personne. Une phase de diagnostic différentiel par le biais d’une entrevue structurale et l’élaboration d’un contrat psychothérapique précède la psychothérapie proprement dite. Le premier but de la psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert est d’engager la personne dans une observation et une prise de conscience des représentations d’elle-même et des autres. Ces représentations sont le plus souvent biaisées par l’organisation inconsciente du monde interne.Transference focused psychotherapy is a version of psychodynamic psychotherapy that is modified and specialized for patients with borderline personality disorder. It is based on psychoanalytic principles with an emphasis on object relations theory. A fundamental concept in this model is that the organization of an individual’s psyche is structured around internalized versions of interpersonal relations. The relationship experiences that are internalized involve a specific representation of the self, a specific representation of the other (the object of the libidinal or aggressive drive) and an intense affect that links them. However, this movement toward integration of the internal representational world does not take place in individuals with borderline personality, who continue to experience life in a way that is based on rigid and extreme views of self and others. The goal of transference focused psychotherapy is to help individuals advance to an integrated internal world through the analysis of the patient’s ongoing experience of his or her relationship with the therapist. It is assumed that the analysis of this relationship will bring to light the internal representations of self and other, and the corresponding affects, that are related to unconscious desires and motivations, and that underlie the individual’s extreme and discontinuous experience in life. The therapy begins with a specific diagnostic interview and the establishment of a treatment contract with the patient before the psychotherapeutic work begins. The first goal of the therapy is to engage the patient in the process of observing and gaining awareness of the representations of self and other that guide his or her perceptions of the world. The therapy then helps the patient to understand the internal forces that have kept theses representations segregated from each other and to integrate them into a more mature and coherent sense of self and others.La psicoterapia focalizada en la transferencia (PFT) es una versión modificada de la psicoterapia psicodinámica clásica y especializada para los trastornos graves de la personalidad. Se funda en los principios del psicoanálisis y en la teoría de las relaciones objetales. La organización del mundo psíquico se estructura a partir de la experiencia de las interrelaciones personales, que implican una pulsión que se topa con un objeto y produce un afecto agradable o desagradable. La experiencia así vivida crea una estructura de díada relacional que implica una representación de Sí y una representación del otro, ligadas por el afecto experimentado. A continuación, las representaciones se integran unas con otras para formar un mundo interno evolucionado, flexible, dinámico, adaptado a la realidad externa o, por el contrario, un mundo primitivo, rígido y frecuentemente en conflicto con la realidad externa. La psicoterapia focalizada en la transferencia se propone justamente hacer evolucionar la estructura de la personalidad por medio de un análisis sostenido de la experiencia relacional vivida con el psicoterapeuta, la actualización de las representaciones de sí mismo y del otro, del afecto que las une y la toma de conciencia de los deseos y motivos inconscientes de la persona. Una fase de diagnóstico diferencial, mediante una entrevista estructural y la elaboración de un contrato psicoterapéutico, precede a la psicoterapia propiamente dicha. El primer objetivo de la psicoterapia focalizada en la transferencia es comprometer a la persona a una observación y una toma de conciencia de las representaciones de ella misma y de los demás. Estas representaciones frecuentemente son tergiversadas por la organización inconsciente del mundo interno.A Psicoterapia Focada na Transferência (PFT) é uma versão modificada da psicoterapia psicodinâmica clássica e especializada para os transtornos graves da personalidade. Ela fundamenta-se nos princípios da psicanálise e na teoria das relações objetais. A organização do mundo psíquico estrutura-se a partir da experiência das inter-relações pessoais implicando uma pulsão vindo chocar com um objeto e produzindo um afeto agradável ou desagradável. A experiência assim vivenciada estrutura uma díade relacional implicando uma representação de Si e uma representação do outro, ligadas pelo afeto vivenciado. Em seguida, as representações integram-se umas às outras para formar um mundo interno evoluído, flexível, dinâmico, adaptado à realidade externa ou, pelo contrário, um mundo primitivo, rígido e freqüentemente em conflito com a realidade externa. A psicoterapia focada na transferência propõe-se justamente fazer evoluir a estrutura da personalidade através de uma análise apoiada na experiência relacional vivenciada com o psicoterapeuta, a atualização das representações de si e do outro e do afeto que os une e a tomada de consciência dos desejos e motivos inconscientes da pessoa. Uma fase de diagnóstico diferencial, através de uma entrevista estrutural e a elaboração de um contrato psicoterápico precede a psicoterapia propriamente dita. O primeiro objetivo da psicoterapia focada na transferência é levar a pessoa a uma observação e uma tomada de consciência das representações dela mesma e dos outros. Estas representações são mais freqüentemente desviadas pela organização inconsciente do mundo interno

Incidence de certains facteurs sur l’issue d’une psychothérapie dans un essai clinique randomisé auprès de patients avec trouble de personnalité limite (TPL)

Au Personality Disorders Institute, nous avons étudié l’efficacité de la psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert (PFT), une psychothérapie psychodynamique manualisée qui se déroule deux fois par semaine à l’intention de personnes souffrant de troubles de personnalité limite (TPL). Nous avons comparé la PFT à la thérapie dialectique comportementale (TDC) et à la psychothérapie psychodynamique de soutien (PPS) dans un essai clinique randomisé auprès de 90 patients ayant un TPL. Dans un premier temps, nous présentons certains fondements à l’origine du développement des TPL, suivis d’une discussion des bases théoriques de la PFT. Nous abordons ensuite les caractéristiques des patients qui influent sur les résultats du traitement. Nous présentons des données à la fois cliniques et empiriques dans une discussion de cas individuels représentatifs de l’échantillon de patients borderline traités en PFT.At the Personality Disorders Institute we have been investigating the efficacy of Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP), a twice weekly manualized psychodynamic psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder compared to Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) and Supportive Psychotherapy (SP) in a randomized clinical trial of 90 borderline patients. We will first present some developmental foundations of BPD, followed by a discussion of the theoretical foundations of TFP. We will then discuss patient characteristics that have an impact on outcome. We will present both clinical and empirical data in a discussion of individual cases that were representative of a sample of borderline patients treated in Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP).En el Personality Disorders Institute estudiamos la eficacia de la psicoterapia focalizada en la transferencia (PFT), una psicoterapia psicodinámica hecha manual, que se lleva a cabo dos veces por semana para las personas que sufren de trastornos de personalidad límite (TPL). Comparamos la PFT con la terapia dialéctica comportamental (TDC) y la psicoterapia psicodinámica de apoyo (PPS) en una prueba clínica aleatoria en 90 pacientes con TPL. En un primer momento, presentamos ciertos fundamentos al origen del desarrollo de las TPL, seguidos de una discusión de las bases teóricas de la PFT. Enseguida abordamos las características de los pacientes que influyen en los resultados del tratamiento. Presentamos los datos, a la vez clínicos y empíricos, en una discusión de casos individuales representativos de la muestra de pacientes límite tratados por medio de PFT.No Personality Disorders Institute, estudamos a eficácia da psicoterapia focalizada na transferência (PFT), uma psicoterapia psicodinâmica manualizada que é realizada duas vezes por semana com pessoas que sofrem de transtornos de personalidade borderline (TPB). Comparamos a PFT com a terapia comportamental dialética (TCD) e com a psicoterapia psicodinâmica de apoio (PPA) em um teste clínico randomizado junto a 90 pacientes que sofrem de um TPB. Primeiramente, apresentamos alguns fundamentos originários do desenvolvimento dos TPB, seguidos de uma discussão sobre as bases teóricas da PFT. Abordamos, em seguida, as características dos pacientes que influenciam os resultados do tratamento. Apresentamos dados, ao mesmo tempo clínicos e empíricos em uma discussão de casos individuais representativos da amostragem de pacientes borderline tratados em PFT

An Evaluation of Food Insecurity & Health Behavior among Rural Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) Participants

Introduction. Access to healthy foods is a major barrier for individuals achieving a healthy diet. The literature reveals several investigations into causes of food insecurity, but few focus on Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) programs that attempt to address food insecurity and related health behaviors of participants.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1199/thumbnail.jp

Pendrin abundance, subcellular distribution, and function are unaffected by either αENaC gene ablation or by increasing ENaC channel activity

The intercalated cell Cl$^{-}$/HCO$_{3}$$^{-}$ exchanger, pendrin, modulates ENaC subunit abundance and function. Whether ENaC modulates pendrin abundance and function is however unknown. Because αENaC mRNA has been detected in pendrin-positive intercalated cells, we hypothesized that ENaC, or more specifically the αENaC subunit, modulates intercalated cell function. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine if αENaC is expressed at the protein level in pendrin-positive intercalated cells and to determine if αENaC gene ablation or constitutively upregulating ENaC activity changes pendrin abundance, subcellular distribution, and/or function. We observed diffuse, cytoplasmic αENaC label in pendrin-positive intercalated cells from both mice and rats, with much lower label intensity in pendrin-negative, type A intercalated cells. However, while αENaC gene ablation within principal and intercalated cells of the CCD reduced Cl$^{-}$ absorption, it did not change pendrin abundance or subcellular distribution in aldosterone-treated mice. Further experiments used a mouse model of Liddle's syndrome to explore the effect of increasing ENaC channel activity on pendrin abundance and function. The Liddle's variant did not increase either total or apical plasma membrane pendrin abundance in aldosterone-treated or in NaCl-restricted mice. Similarly, while the Liddle's mutation increased total Cl$^{-}$ absorption in CCDs from aldosterone-treated mice, it did not significantly affect the change in Cl$^{-}$ absorption seen with pendrin gene ablation. We conclude that in rats and mice, αENaC localizes to pendrin-positive ICs where its physiological role remains to be determined. While pendrin modulates ENaC abundance, subcellular distribution, and function, ENaC does not have a similar effect on pendrin

A Study on Copyright Protection of Mobile Applications in Small and Micro Computer Enterprises

As more and more small and micro software developers begin to participate in the development process and gradually become the intermediate force of Internet innovation, people are enjoying their life in scientific and technological progress. As a special kind of software, mobile application has the characteristics of lightweight and simple development, which enhances the difficulty of protecting rights and interests of its copyright owners, especially the small and micro software copyright owners. This paper will explore the particularity of its right protection and its solution, and dig out ways to further motivate social innovation

Brief of Amici Curiae Scholars of the Law of Non-Profit Organizations in Support of Respondent: Americans for Prosperity Foundation v. Matthew Rodriguez, Nos. 19-251 & 19-255

This was a brief filed with the Supreme Court of the United States supporting the state of California in its effort to defend the Constitutionality of a law regarding nonprofit organizations requiring that those organizations soliciting donations in the state of California file a Schedule B of the Form 990 with the state attorney general to disclose substantial donors to the organization during the year

Anisotropy in seafloor flange, slab, and crust samples from measurements of permeability and porosity : implications for fluid flow and deposit evolution

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 13 (2012): Q03018, doi:10.1029/2011GC003840.Seafloor hydrothermal vents accommodate the convective transfer of fluids from subsurface environments to the oceans. In addition to black smoker chimneys, a variety of other deposit-types form. Flanges protrude from the sides of edifices as horizontal ledges, below which vent fluids pool. Slabs are hydrothermally silicified layered volcaniclastic deposits. Crusts are deposits composed of previously deposited material underlain by hot fluids. Permeability and porosity measurements were conducted on flanges from Guaymas Basin and the Main Endeavour Vent Field, slabs from the Lucky Strike Vent Field, and a crust sample from the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) active mound. Cores taken parallel to textural layers have high permeabilities (≈10−12 m2) and porosities (30–40%) that follow a power law relationship with exponent α ≈ 1 to 2. Cores taken perpendicular to layering have permeabilities from 10−16 to 10−12 m2 and porosities from 20 to 45%, with α ≈ 5 to 8. The two distinct trends result from the heterogeneity of textural layers within these deposits. Microstructural observations show large variations in grain packing and pore distributions between layers, consistent with flow perpendicular to layering being more susceptible to changes in permeability that result from mineral precipitation than flow parallel to layering. These results imply that the primary flow direction in these deposits is parallel to layering, whereas flow perpendicular to layering is more restricted. Quantification of anisotropic permeability provides important constraints for determination of fluid flux from these layered deposits, and temperatures, chemistry, and availability of nutrients to organisms living in and at exteriors of deposits.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants EAR-0741339 and OCE-0648337. Partial support for JG and WZ from DOE # DEFG0207ER15916 is also acknowledged.2012-09-2

Planning Framework Options for The Massachusetts Ocean Plan (DRAFT)

The Massachusetts Ocean Partnership (MOP) Planning Frameworks Team, in consultation with the Massachusetts Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs (EEA), and based on collective experience and a review of ocean, coastal and resource management programs from the US and other countries, suggests that nine elements are essential components of the framework for the Massachusetts Ocean Plan and its implementation. While management plans and programs generally have these elements in common, there are a range of options for carrying out each program component. These options were presented to structure and inform the development of the Massachusetts Ocean Plan. For the most part, the range of options represents those that were considered to be appropriate under the Commonwealth’s existing legal and administrative structure and responsive to the requirements of the Massachusetts Ocean Act. However, the general concepts these options represent are likely to be transferable to other jurisdictions (especially in the United States) and can inform future ocean management and planning in Massachusetts. Additionally, options or their core elements can be combined to create additional alternatives within one of the nine planning components

Neuropeptide Y2 Receptor (NPY2R) Expression in Saliva Predicts Feeding Immaturity in the Premature Neonate

Background: The current practice in newborn medicine is to subjectively assess when a premature infant is ready to feed by mouth. When the assessment is inaccurate, the resulting feeding morbidities may be significant, resulting in long-term health consequences and millions of health care dollars annually. We hypothesized that the developmental maturation of hypothalamic regulation of feeding behavior is a predictor of successful oral feeding in the premature infant. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the gene expression of neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R), a known hypothalamic regulator of feeding behavior, in neonatal saliva to determine its role as a biomarker in predicting oral feeding success in the neonate. Methodology/Principal Findings: Salivary samples (n = 116), were prospectively collected from 63 preterm and 13 term neonates (post-conceptual age (PCA) 26 4/7 to 41 4/7 weeks) from five predefined feeding stages. Expression of NPY2R in neonatal saliva was determined by multiplex RT-qPCR amplification. Expression results were retrospectively correlated with feeding status at time of sample collection. Statistical analysis revealed that expression of NPY2R had a 95 % positive predictive value for feeding immaturity. NPY2R expression statistically significantly decreased with advancing PCA (Wilcoxon test p value,0.01), and was associated with feeding status (chi square p value = 0.013). Conclusions/Significance: Developmental maturation of hypothalamic regulation of feeding behavior is an essential component of oral feeding success in the newborn. NPY2R expression in neonatal saliva is predictive of an immatur