When to Start a Fight and When to Fight Back: Liability Disputes in the Workers' Compensation System

Despite the adoption of no-fault Workers' Compensation legislation in most states, there is substantial litigation over the issue of employer liability for injury claims. We develop a sequential asymmetric information model of liability disputes and estimate the model using data on injury claims from the state of Minnesota. The key insight of our model is that when workers differ in their costs of pursuing a injury claim, employers have an incentive to deny liability and force those with higher costs to abandon their claim. Likewise, workers who expect a bigger return from pursuing their claim are more likely to fight back when liability is denied. Estimates of the structural model confirm that the decision rules of both parties depend on the expected costs and benefits of continuing the dispute. The model provides a parsimonious but relatively successful explanation for the distribution of liability disputes across different workers and types of injuries.

The Christian Century as a Spokesman for Liberal Protestantism in the Early Depression Years, 1929-1933

The social gospel for which the Century-spoke led it to just such active involvement. It brought its Christian commitment to bear on every important facet of American life. These facets fall into three broad classifications. They are social issues, economic issues and political issues. Attention will be focused on these to determine just how the Christian Century put its creed into practice

Design and implementation of a systolic array to solve the Algebraic Path Problem with the specific instance of the transistive and reflexive closure of a binary relation

The Algebraic Path Problem (APP) has many practical instances to be solved. The general solution by Robert and Trystram (1986) will be discussed along with the mapping and operation of the algorithm to a systolic array. The specific instance of the APP, the transistive and reflexive closure of a binary relation, will be implemented with a discussion of the different stages ranging from the logic equations to a method of the fabrication

Is Workers' Compensation Covering Uninsured Medical Costs? Evidence fromthe `Monday Effect'

Steady increases in the costs of medical care, coupled with a rise in the fraction of workers who lack medical care insurance, have led to a growing concern that the Workers' Compensation system is paying for off-the-job injuries. Many analysts have interpreted the high rate of Monday injuries -- especially for hard-to-monitor injuries like back sprains -- as evidence of this phenomenon. In this paper, we propose a test of the hypothesis that higher Monday injury rates are due to fraudulent claims. Specifically, we compare the daily injury patterns for workers who are more and less likely to have medical insurance coverage, and the corresponding differences in the fraction of injury claims that are disputed by employers. Contrary to expectations, we find that workers without medical coverage are no more likely to report a Monday injury than other workers. Similarly, employers are no more likely to challenge a Monday injury claim -- even for workers who lack medical insurance.

Comparison of arc tracking tests in various aerospace environments

This report contains viewgraphs on arc tracking tests in various aerospace environments. It has the following six sections: LeRC arc tracking tests parameters, apparatus, sample description, procedure, arc tracking test results, and discussion

Promoter Account Detection in Twitter

Twitter is an online social network and micro-blog that becomes an alternative media for sharing and getting information. In the political area, Twitter provides various features as a media to promote campaign and get a good imaging for political party or contestant. In order to get a good opinion from other users, the contestant can manipulate their success with a massive promotion. This promotion activity could lead to public opinion that is not consistent with the facts. So that, we need to determine whether this is promoter account or not. In this paper, we propose a new framework for promoter account detection. This framework based on twitter content to detect promoter account according to their existence in topic of promotion. This framework employs k-means approach in order to cluster topic of promotion based on twitter\u27s content. From each cluster, we evaluate the existence of promoter account. With very simple approach, the results obtained on experiment show that this framework is effective for promoter account detection

Comparison of Arc Tracking Tests in Various Aerospace Environments

Momentary short-circuit arcs between a polyimide insulated wire with defective insulation and another conductor may cause pyrolization of the insulation resulting in a conductive path capable of sustaining the arc. These sustained arcs may propagate along the wires or to neighboring wires leading to complete failure of the wire bundle. Wire insulation susceptibility to arc tracking may be dependent on its environment. Because all wire insulation types tested to date arc track, a test procedure has been developed to compare different insulation types with respect to their arc tracking susceptibility. This test procedure is presented along with a comparison of arc tracking in the following three environments: (1) Air at atmospheric pressure and 1 gravitational(g) force; (2) Vacuum (2.67 x 10(exp -3) Pa) and 1g, and (3) Air at atmospheric pressure and microgravity (less than 0.04g)

Partial structure learning by subset Walsh transform.

Estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) use structure learning to build a statistical model of good solutions discovered so far, in an effort to discover better solutions. The non-zero coefficients of the Walsh transform produce a hypergraph representation of structure of a binary fitness function; however, computation of all Walsh coefficients requires exhaustive evaluation of the search space. In this paper, we propose a stochastic method of determining Walsh coefficients for hyperedges contained within the selected subset of the variables (complete local structure). This method also detects parts of hyperedges which cut the boundary of the selected variable set (partial structure), which may be used to incrementally build an approximation of the problem hypergraph

Diffuse retro-reflective imaging for improved mosquito tracking around human baited bednets

Robust imaging techniques for tracking insects have been essential tools in numerous laboratory and field studies on pests, beneficial insects and model systems. Recent innovations in optical imaging systems and associated signal processing have enabled detailed characterisation of nocturnal mosquito behaviour around bednets and improvements in bednet design, a global essential for protecting populations against malaria. Nonetheless, there remain challenges around ease of use for large scale in situ recordings and extracting data reliably in the critical areas of the bednet where the optical signal is attenuated. Here we introduce a retro-reflective screen at the back of the measurement volume, which can simultaneously provide diffuse illumination, and remove optical alignment issues whilst requiring only one-sided access to the measurement space. The illumination becomes significantly more uniform, although, noise removal algorithms are needed to reduce the effects of shot noise particularly across low intensity bednet regions. By systematically introducing mosquitoes in front and behind the bednet in lab experiments we are able to demonstrate robust tracking in these challenging areas. Overall, the retro-reflective imaging setup delivers mosquito segmentation rates in excess of 90% compared to less than 70% with back-lit systems

Spontaneous very preterm birth in relation to social class, and smoking : a temporal-spatial analysis of routinely collected data in Aberdeen, Scotland (1985–2010)

Authors thanks goes to the Data Management Team, University of Aberdeen for extracting the data. Many thanks to Charles Opondo for his comments on the manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin