Efficient Hardware Architecture for Cyclostationary Detector

Cognitive radio is one of the modern techniques which is evolved for utilising the unused spread spectrum effectively in wireless communication. In cognitive radio system the foremost concept is sensing the holes (spaces) in the frequency spectrum allotted and it facilitates a way that how effectively and efficiently the bandwidth is used by finding the spectrum holes in a designated spectrum. There are various methods available for sensing the spectrum and one such a sensing method is cyclostationary detection.  The method of cyclostationary feature mainly focuses on detecting whether the primary user is present or absent. The threshold of a signal is calculated by cyclic cross-periodogram matrix of the corresponding signal to determine the presence of signal or noise. The difficulty in evaluating the targeted threshold is evaded by training an artificial neural network by extracted cyclostationary feature vectors which are obtained by FFT accumulation method. This paper proposes a hardware architecture for cyclostationary detection

Efficient Hardware Architecture for Cyclostationary Detector

Cognitive radio is one of the modern techniques which is evolved for utilising the unused spread spectrum effectively in wireless communication. In cognitive radio system the foremost concept is sensing the holes (spaces) in the frequency spectrum allotted and it facilitates a way that how effectively and efficiently the bandwidth is used by finding the spectrum holes in a designated spectrum. There are various methods available for sensing the spectrum and one such a sensing method is cyclostationary detection. The method of cyclostationary feature mainly focuses on detecting whether the primary user is present or absent. The threshold of a signal is calculated by cyclic cross-periodogram matrix of the corresponding signal to determine the presence of signal or noise. The difficulty in evaluating the targeted threshold is evaded by training an artificial neural network by extracted cyclostationary feature vectors which are obtained by FFT accumulation method. This paper proposes a hardware architecture for cyclostationary detection

Assessment of the Linkages and Leakages in a Cloud-Based Computing Collaboration among Construction Stakeholders

The uniqueness of the construction industry can be understood in the large volumes of information in terms of paper works, processes, and communication disseminated daily. The voluminous information requires close coordination which cloud based systems offer. The aim of this research is to assess the linkages and leakages in a cloud-based computing collaboration among construction stakeholders. A purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the participants of the study. A questionnaire based instrument was distributed to eighty (80) construction stakeholder in Lagos State, Nigeria. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS v.21. Statistical tools such as frequencies, stacked bars, mean scores, factor analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the study. The result of the study revealed that construction stakeholders rarely utilize cloud-based technologies for their construction processes. Construction professionals that access cloud based technologies, do so with their smart mobile phones, laptops, and tablet. The study classified the leakages that exist in the use of cloud-based technologies as securitybased factors, cloud-based infrastructure factors, and cloud-based benefits deficiency based factors. In conclusion, the study revealed that the linkages in the use of cloudbased technologies include knowledge sharing, remote access of back-office activities and engendering collaboration among construction stakeholders. It was recommended that construction stakeholders should leverage on the benefits cloud-based technologies has to offer in today’s competitive economy. Construction stakeholdersshould be adequately informed on the available cloud-based computing technologies and the additions it can bring into the construction process. Cloud computing technology vendors should improve on the security and privacy features of the platform for adequate protection of building data

IL-1β Stimulates COX-2 Dependent PGE2 Synthesis and CGRP Release in Rat Trigeminal Ganglia Cells

OBJECTIVE: Pro-inflammatory cytokines like Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine and inflammatory pain. The trigeminal ganglion and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are crucial components in the pathophysiology of primary headaches. 5-HT1B/D receptor agonists, which reduce CGRP release, and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors can abort trigeminally mediated pain. However, the cellular source of COX and the interplay between COX and CGRP within the trigeminal ganglion have not been clearly identified. METHODS AND RESULTS: 1. We used primary cultured rat trigeminal ganglia cells to assess whether IL-1β can induce the expression of COX-2 and which cells express COX-2. Stimulation with IL-1β caused a dose and time dependent induction of COX-2 but not COX-1 mRNA. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of COX-2 protein in neuronal and glial cells. 2. Functional significance was demonstrated by prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) release 4 hours after stimulation with IL-1β, which could be aborted by a selective COX-2 (parecoxib) and a non-selective COX-inhibitor (indomethacin). 3. Induction of CGRP release, indicating functional neuronal activation, was seen 1 hour after PGE(2) and 24 hours after IL-1β stimulation. Immunohistochemistry showed trigeminal neurons as the source of CGRP. IL-1β induced CGRP release was blocked by parecoxib and indomethacin, but the 5-HT1B/D receptor agonist sumatriptan had no effect. CONCLUSION: We identified a COX-2 dependent pathway of cytokine induced CGRP release in trigeminal ganglia neurons that is not affected by 5-HT1B/D receptor activation. Activation of neuronal and glial cells in the trigeminal ganglion by IL-β leads to an elevated expression of COX-2 in these cells. Newly synthesized PGE(2) (by COX-2) in turn activates trigeminal neurons to release CGRP. These findings support a glia-neuron interaction in the trigeminal ganglion and demonstrate a sequential link between COX-2 and CGRP. The results could help to explain the mechanism of action of COX-2 inhibitors in migraine

Growth of research in oilseeds and collaboration trends: A case study

The Journal of Oilseeds Research, published by the Indian Society of Oilseeds Research, has played a key role in the dissemination of oilseeds information in India. Describes a citation analysis of the references covered in the journal for the period 1984-1993. Authorship patterns and collaboration coefficients are reported and a list of ten core periodicals for oilseeds research is identified based on the citation analysis

Growth of doctoral dissertations on groundnut in India: A study

32-38<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" arial;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa;mso-bidi-font-style:italic"="" lang="EN-US">Traces early scientific reporting on groundnut and presents an analysis <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";="" mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;="" mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">of compiled bibliography on Doctoral Dissertations on groundnut in India in terms of year-wise, crop wise and discipline-wise growth of doctoral dissertations during the period <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family: " times="" new="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="" lang="EN-US">1948-1996.</span

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Not AvailableThe export performance and competitiveness of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) have been studied in this paper. Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and Revealed symmetric comparative advantage (RSCA) have been worked out for safflower seed and safflower oil for India, Mexico and United States of America (USA) for the period 1992-2009. The results have indicated that India has fluctuating trends in its competitiveness in the export of safflower seed while it has no competitive advantage in the export of safflower oil except in the year 1997. It is also observed that USA has very strong comparative advantage for the export of safflower oil as well as safflower seed export while Mexico has weak comparative advantage for export of safflower seed and strong comparative advantage for export of safflower oil. The study also revealed that support prices do not have high impact on increasing or decreasing in safflower production in India.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSafflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an important oilseed crop is primarily cultivated in India as a winter crop under residual moisture conditions is confined to Vertisols in the Southern and Western Plateau Hills Regions of India. Though safflower does not contribute significantly to the economy's vegetable basket, the oil possess highest source of polyunsaturated fats and hence offers substantial health benefits. This paper examines the performance of safflower in the major states of the country for three different periods viz., 1972-73 to 1985-86; 1986-87 to 1995-96 and 1996-97 to 2010-11. The study revealed that during the period 1972-73 to 1985-86, safflower had made significant inroads into the edible oil economy. The crop productivity (kg I ha) contributed to 50% of enhanced production. The subsequent periods did not see the continuance of the gains evidenced earlier. These periods witnessed deceleration in area and production. The impact of technological change and area visible during the period 1986-87 to 1995-96 disappeared during 1996-97 to 2010-11. This period witnessed technology regress indicating stagnation of productivity vis-a-vis other competing crops. Several factors viz., biotic and abiotic, trade liberalization, market forces, marginalized cultivation, competing crops, etc., resulted in decimation of safflower. Concerted interventions that include recasting the research agenda thro appropriate priority setting; development of safflower hybrids with higher productivity; creation of innovative institutional mechanisms for outreach, public private partnership for a WIN WIN situation, and appropriate market and institutional support/environment are to be initiated by the R&D agencies.Not Availabl

Maternal smoking during pregnancy and fetal organ growth: a magnetic resonance imaging study

Objective: To study whether maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with alterations in the growth of fetal lungs, kidneys, liver, brain, and placenta. Design: A case-control study, with operators performing the image analysis blinded. Setting: Study performed on a research-dedicated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner (1.5 T) with participants recruited from a large teaching hospital in the United Kingdom. Participants: A total of 26 pregnant women (13 current smokers, 13 non smokers) were recruited; 18 women (10 current smokers, 8 nonsmokers) returned for the second scan later in their pregnancy. Methods: Each fetus was scanned with MRI at 22–27 weeks and 33–38 weeks gestational age (GA). Main outcome measures: Images obtained with MRI were used to measure volumes of the fetal brain, kidneys, lungs, liver and overall fetal size, as well as placental volumes. Results: Exposed fetuses showed lower brain volumes, kidney volumes, and total fetal volumes, with this effect being greater at visit 2 than at visit 1 for brain and kidney volumes, and greater at visit 1 than at visit 2 for total fetal volume. Exposed fetuses also demonstrated lower lung volume and placental volume, and this effect was similar at both visits. No difference was found between the exposed and nonexposed fetuses with regards to liver volume. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging has been used to show that maternal smoking is associated with reduced growth of fetal brain, lung and kidney; this effect persists even when the volumes are corrected for maternal education, gestational age, and fetal sex. As expected, the fetuses exposed to maternal smoking are smaller in size. Similarly, placental volumes are smaller in smoking versus nonsmoking pregnant women