Beef Carcass Weight and Quality Grade Influence Tenderness

Objective The objective was to investigate whether hot carcass weight (HCW) affected Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and tenderness formation of Denver, strip, and eye of round steaks from USDA Select (Se) and low Choice (LC) beef carcasses.Study Description Select and LC carcasses were selected at a commercial beef plant by HCW (light = 650–750 lb; middle = 850–950 lb; heavy = 1,025–1,150 lb). Steaks were fabricated and aged for 5, 10, and 14 days. Tenderness was determined through WBSF based on industry standards. Additionally, protein degradation was analyzed to determine tenderness formation

Internal Temperature Decline Rate in Beef Primals is Reduced in Heavier Carcasses

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of increasing beef hot carcass weights on internal temperature decline during chilling

Onset of Collective Oscillation in Chemical Turbulence under Global Feedback

Preceding the complete suppression of chemical turbulence by means of global feedback, a different universal type of transition, which is characterized by the emergence of small-amplitude collective oscillation with strong turbulent background, is shown to occur at much weaker feedback intensity. We illustrate this fact numerically in combination with a phenomenological argument based on the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with global feedback.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Non-equilibrium two-phase coexistence in a confined granular layer

We report the observation of the homogenous nucleation of crystals in a dense layer of steel spheres confined between two horizontal plates vibrated vertically. Above a critical vibration amplitude, two-layer crystals with square symmetry were found to coexist in steady state with a surrounding granular liquid. By analogy to equilibrium hard sphere systems, the phase behavior can be explained through entropy maximization. However, dramatic non-equilibrium effects are present, including a significant difference in the granular temperatures of the two phases.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, RevTex4 forma

Ordered and Disordered Defect Chaos

Defect-chaos is studied numerically in coupled Ginzburg-Landau equations for parametrically driven waves. The motion of the defects is traced in detail yielding their life-times, annihilation partners, and distances traveled. In a regime in which in the one-dimensional case the chaotic dynamics is due to double phase slips, the two-dimensional system exhibits a strongly ordered stripe pattern. When the parity-breaking instability to traveling waves is approached this order vanishes and the correlation function decays rapidly. In the ordered regime the defects have a typical life-time, whereas in the disordered regime the life-time distribution is exponential. The probability of large defect loops is substantially larger in the disordered regime.Comment: 8 pages revtex, 8 figure

Flueric normal shock sensor

Design and testing of sensing elements and fluid logic circuit for shock location measurement of jet engine inlet diffuse

Mirror matter admixtures and isospin breaking in the \Delta I=1/2 rule in \Omega^- two body non-leptonic decays

We discuss a description of \Omega^- two body non-leptonic decays based on possible, albeit tiny, admixtures of mirror matter in ordinary hadrons. The \Delta I=1/2 rule enhancement is obtained as a result of isospin symmetry and, more importantly, the rather large observed deviations from this rule result from small isospin breaking. This analysis lends support to the possibility that the enhancement phenomenon observed in low energy weak interactions may be systematically described by mirror matter admixtures in ordinary hadrons.Comment: Changed conten

Instability and Chaos in Non-Linear Wave Interaction: a simple model

We analyze stability of a system which contains an harmonic oscillator non-linearly coupled to its second harmonic, in the presence of a driving force. It is found that there always exists a critical amplitude of the driving force above which a loss of stability appears. The dependence of the critical input power on the physical parameters is analyzed. For a driving force with higher amplitude chaotic behavior is observed. Generalization to interactions which include higher modes is discussed. Keywords: Non-Linear Waves, Stability, Chaos.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figure

Winding number instability in the phase-turbulence regime of the Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation

We give a statistical characterization of states with nonzero winding number in the Phase Turbulence (PT) regime of the one-dimensional Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. We find that states with winding number larger than a critical one are unstable, in the sense that they decay to states with smaller winding number. The transition from Phase to Defect Turbulence is interpreted as an ergodicity breaking transition which occurs when the range of stable winding numbers vanishes. Asymptotically stable states which are not spatio-temporally chaotic are described within the PT regime of nonzero winding number.Comment: 4 pages,REVTeX, including 4 Figures. Latex (or postscript) version with figures available at http://formentor.uib.es/~montagne/textos/nupt