Measurement of electron density and temperature in plasmas

Application of two laser wavelengths passing through plasma measures electron density and temperature. Function depends on determining absorption of light at two wavelengths. Nature of reaction is explained and schematic diagram of equipment is included

Large-angle scattering and quasi-elastic barrier distributions

We study in detail the barrier distributions extracted from large-angle quasi-elastic scattering of heavy ions at energies near the Coulomb barrier. Using a closed-form expression for scattering from a single barrier, we compare the quasi-elastic barrier distribution with the corresponding test function for fusion. We examine the isocentrifugal approximation in coupled-channels calculations of quasi-elastic scattering and find that for backward angles, it works well, justifying the concept of a barrier distribution for scattering processes. This method offers an interesting tool for investigating unstable nuclei. We illustrate this for the $^{32}$Mg + $^{208}$Pb reaction, where the quadrupole collectivity of the neutron-rich $^{32}$Mg remains to be clarified experimentally.Comment: 26 pages, 10 eps figure

Surface drilling technologies for Mars

Rock drilling and coring conceptual designs for the surface activities associated with a manned Mars mission are proposed. Straightforward extensions of equipment and procedures used on Earth are envisioned for the sample coring and shallow high explosive shot holes needed for tunneling and seismic surveying. A novel rocket exhaust jet piercing method is proposed for very rapid drilling of shot holes required for explosive excavation of emergency radiation shelters. Summaries of estimated equipment masses and power requirements are provided, and the indicated rotary coring rigs are scaled from terrestrial equipment and use compressed CO2 from the Martian atmosphere for core bit cooling and cuttings removal. A mass of 120 kg and power of 3 kW(e) are estimated for a 10 m depth capability. A 100 m depth capacity core rig requires about 1150 kg and 32 km(e). The rocket exhaust jet equipment devised for shallow (3m) explosive emplacement shot holes requires no surface power beyond an electrical ignition system, and might have a 15 kg mass

Heterogeneity of Mouse Macrophages in Terms of Their Bactericidal Activity

These studies confirm that not all cells in a macrophage population express efective bactericidal functions. Two subsets of macrophages with cell-surface markers recognized by two monoclonal antibodies, designated M43 and 1\157 were shown to be involved in the bacteicidal activity of a macrophage population. B)' indirect radio immunoassay (RIA), it was found that these two subset markers were expressed more on the 5tu/ace of activated manipulates than on normal cells. It seems possible that these two markers may se11Je as markers for macrophage activation in terms of enhanced bactericidal activity

Improved resource use decisions and actions through remote sensing

Operational uses of remote sensing for improving management decisions and actions concerning resource uses are considered in terms of first generation, or direct-action; and second generation or indirect, delayed-action applications. From among applications completed during 1974-75, seven case studies are offered in illustration of the many contrasts which can be drawn between first and second generation application studies. These include: (1) multi-agency river basin planning; (2) corridor assessment and route location for highway location together with improvement of county-level planning decisions; (3) improving timber management practices; (4) enforcement of new state statutes; (5) county-wide open space preservation; (6) land value reappraisal relative to property tax equalization; and (7) optimizing agri-business processing plant locations

A note on commuting graphs for symmetric groups

The commuting graph C(G;X) , where G is a group and X a subset of G, has X as its vertex set with two distinct elements of X joined by an edge when they commute in G. Here the diameter and disc structure of C(G;X) is investigated when G is the symmetric group and X a conjugacy class of G

Using the ICF and psychological models of behavior to predict mobility limitations

Aims to test the ability of a model that integrates the theory of planned behavior (TPB) into the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) to predict walking limitations in adults awaiting hip or knee replacement surgery. Study Design and Participants: Cross-sectional structural equation modeling study of activity limitations in 190 adults. Method: A postal questionnaire measuring the TPB, ICF and walking limitations. Results: The integrated model accounted for more variance in activity limitations (57%) than either the TPB or ICF alone. Control beliefs (TPB) significantly mediated the relationship between impairment (ICF) and activity limitations. Conclusions: The integrated model provides an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that identifies intervention targets to effect reductions in disability without the need for concomitant reductions in impairment

Density Matrix Renormalization for Model Reduction in Nonlinear Dynamics

We present a novel approach for model reduction of nonlinear dynamical systems based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). Our method, derived from Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG), provides a significant reduction in computational effort for the calculation of the reduced system, compared to a POD. The efficiency of the algorithm is tested on the one dimensional Burgers equations and a one dimensional equation of the Fisher type as nonlinear model systems.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figure

The In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of Normal and Activated Mouse Macrophages against Salmonella typhimurium C5sr

A comparison of the in vitro bactericidaL activity of normaL and activated macrophages indicated that killing of the viruLent strain of opsonized Salmonella typhimurium C5sr by normaL macrophages was enhanced by the presence of fresh serum in the cuLture medium. In contrast, there was no such requirement for the bactericidaL activity of activated macrophages. The enhanced killing ojfthe bacteria by activated macrophages occurred both in the presence and absence of serum, and this was not accounted for by the existence of macrophagebound immunogLobuLin. The factors in normaL rabbit serum which potentiated the killing of bacteria by normaL macrophages were suspected to be components of the compLement system. Heat-stabLe jactors (immunogLobuLins) in normaL rabbit serum were effective only if they were surface bound immunogLobuLins