When bubble meets bubble : contagion in OECD countries

We study the existence and international migration of housing market bubbles, using quarterly information of twenty OECD countries for the period comprised between 1970 and 2015. We find that housing bubbles are present in all the countries included in o

Network structure of avian mixed-species flocks decays with elevation and latitude across the Andes.

Birds in mixed-species flocks benefit from greater foraging efficiency and reduced predation, but also face costs related to competition and activity matching. Because this cost-benefit trade-off is context-dependent (e.g. abiotic conditions and habitat quality), the structure of flocks is expected to vary along elevational, latitudinal and disturbance gradients. Specifically, we predicted that the connectivity and cohesion of flocking networks would (i) decline towards tropical latitudes and lower elevations, where competition and activity matching costs are higher, and (ii) increase with lower forest cover and greater human disturbance. We analysed the structure of 84 flock networks across the Andes and assessed the effect of elevation, latitude, forest cover and human disturbance on network characteristics. We found that Andean flocks are overall open-membership systems (unstructured), though the extent of network structure varied across gradients. Elevation was the main predictor of structure, with more connected and less modular flocks upslope. As expected, flocks in areas with higher forest cover were less cohesive, with better defined flock subtypes. Flocks also varied across latitude and disturbance gradients as predicted, but effect sizes were small. Our findings indicate that the unstructured nature of Andean flocks might arise as a strategy to cope with harsh environmental conditions. This article is part of the theme issue 'Mixed-species groups and aggregations: shaping ecological and behavioural patterns and processes'

Memorias Seminario: Formación profesional: fundamento para la productividad y competitividad en el nuevo milenio

El SENA, en cumplimiento de su Misión Institucional, convocó a los más actualizados, autorizados y proactivos protagonistas e impulsores de los cambios metodológicos y orientadores de las modernas Instituciones de formación profesional en Latinoamérica y España, con el claro propósito de sensibilizar sobre la necesidad del cambio, de dinamizar Instituciones, procesos y procedimientos que procuren las acciones propias y coherentes con el momento actual y futuro que debemos afrontar.SENA, in fulfillment of its Institutional Mission, convened the most up-to-date, authorized and proactive protagonists and drivers of the methodological and guiding changes of modern Vocational Training Institutions in Latin America and Spain, with the clear purpose of raising awareness of the need for change, to energize institutions, processes and procedures that seek our own actions and consistent with the current and future moment we must face.Saludo institucional de bienvenida / Tulio Arbeláez Gómez -- La formación profesional como instrumento de cambio socio-económico / Gina Magnolia Riaño Barón -- Aproximaciones al tema de la fomación profesional en Colombia -- Visión de la ANDI sobre el sistema de formación profesional / Luis Carlos Villegas -- Visión de los trabajadores sobre el sistema de formación profesional / Luis Eduardo Garzón -- Visión prospectiva y desarrollos de la formación profesional en Colombia / Jaime Ramírez Guerrero -- Nuevas s endas de la fonnación profesional: una mirada internacional -- Nuevos enfoques para la formación profesional desde la perspectiva del BID / Claudio de Moura Castro -- Tendencias de la formación profesional en América Latina / Pedro D. Weimberg -- Formación profesional en los escenarios laboral y educativo: la experiencia española -- Dialogo social y formación profesional en el país Vasco / Javier Retegui Ayastuy -- Modelos o experiencias de la formación continua en España / Blanca Gómez Manzaneque -- Modelo para la implementación de la formación profesional ocupacional / Juan Bonet Tomás -- De las competencias laborales y su incidencia en el diseño y desarrollo de la formación profesional -- Normalización y certificación por competencias / Agustín Ibarra Almada -- Modelo de formación por competencias / Leonard Mertens -- Formación profesional en los escenarios laboral y educativo: la experiencia latinoamericana -- Formación y relaciones laborales / Oscar Hermida Uriarte -- Formación profesional y desarrollo tecnológico -- Experiencia de reestructuración en instituciones de formación profesional / Fernando Casanova -- Proyecto de modernización: la formación profesional fundamento central de una política social / Tulio Arbeláez Gómez -- Evaluación y conclusiones Seminario formación profesional Gonzalo Veléz Villegas.na303 página

Trends of tuberculosis in cohorts of positives HIV patients before and after the HAART era in health institutions of Medellin (1996-2005)

Tuberculosis (TB) is still an important disease with public health impact. Which has increased since HIV epidemic emergence. The preventive role of highly effective antiretroviral (HAART) against TBdisease is not enough to control TB because it requires regular administration and adherence to therapy. Since HAART implementation around the world, de TB, co morbidity has decreased, but is no the only factor to control it. Objectives: to determine TB trend in HIV infected patients, during HAART implementation in two patient cohorts coming from different health centers of Medellín. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted based on registries and data bases from a referral program to care HIV/AIDS patiens in different health centers in the city during 1996 to 2002, and a retrospective cohort of HIV patients with data from clinical registries which was comprised in order to compare TB risk in a prophylaxis study during 2003-2005. Results: we report an increasing trend of HAART therapy use during the period of study, with 60% of HIV patients with irregular therapy during the last period (2003-2005). The annual TB incidence was between 0.1 to 5.1%. The TB proportion among the HIV patients who did not received haart effectiviness was 60% (RR=0.4). Conclusion: HAART therapy must be administered at each HIV/AIDSpatients when the risk of developing TB is high, according to this results, HAART therapy is effective but is not the only factor to control TB in this population

Reactividad serológica a la enfermedad de aujeszky en granjas porcinas intensivas y en zonas extensivas de colombia

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Identification of QTLs associated with agronomic performance under nitrogen-deficient conditions using chromosome segment substitution lines of a wild rice relative, Oryza rufipogon

Improved root system architecture can enhance agronomic performance by increasing water and nitrogen (N) acquisition efficiency. However, little is known about interaction between root system architecture and agronomic performance under field environments. To gain a better understanding about the genetic basis of these relationships, we evaluated a set of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from crosses between a tropical japonica rice cultivar ‘Curinga’ and a wild species Oryza rufipogon accession IRGC105491. Root system architectural traits were investigated using the CSSLs at 40 days old seedlings using the root basket method under hydroponic conditions, and agronomic performances were also tested under field conditions with different N treatments. Agronomic performances were computed as the ratio of a trait value under low to high N treatments, including grain yield and biomass yield as nitrogen-deficiency tolerance (NDT) traits. Root architecture and NDT trait QTLs were mapped using 238 SNP marker loci. A total of 13 QTLs for root system architectural, NDT and morpho-physiological traits were identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12. Interestingly, a QTL for deeper root number was identified the region of SNP markers between id1012330 and id1021697 on chromosome 1 under hydroponic conditions overlapped with a QTL for NDT trait of relative grain yield (qRGY1). These results suggest that deeper root trait is helpful to maintain grain yield under nitrogen-deficient conditions. The QTL associated root architecture could potentially be used in future rice-breeding efforts to increase agronomic performance under nitrogen-deficient conditions

Large-scale releases and establishment of wMel Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes throughout the Cities of Bello, Medellín and Itagüí, Colombia.

BackgroundThe wMel strain of Wolbachia has been successfully introduced into Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and has been shown to reduce the transmission of dengue and other Aedes-borne viruses. Here we report the entomological results from phased, large-scale releases of Wolbachia infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes throughout three contiguous cities located in the Aburrá Valley, Colombia.Methodology/principal findingsLocal wMel Wolbachia-infected Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were generated and then released in an initial release pilot area in 2015-2016, which resulted in the establishment of Wolbachia in the local mosquito populations. Subsequent large-scale releases, mainly involving vehicle-based releases of adult mosquitoes along publicly accessible roads and streets, were undertaken across 29 comunas throughout Bello, Medellín and Itagüí Colombia between 2017-2022. In 9 comunas these were supplemented by egg releases that were undertaken by staff or community members. By the most recent monitoring, Wolbachia was found to be stable and established at consistent levels in local mosquito populations (>60% prevalence) in the majority (67%) of areas.ConclusionThese results, from the largest contiguous releases of wMel Wolbachia mosquitoes to date, highlight the operational feasibility of implementing the method in large urban settings. Based on results from previous studies, we expect that Wolbachia establishment will be sustained long term. Ongoing monitoring will confirm Wolbachia persistence in local mosquito populations and track its establishment in the remaining areas