Gouverner par la parole : parlements de la rue, pratiques oratoires et subjectivation politique en Côte d’Ivoire

La crise en Côte d’Ivoire a vu se multiplier les « agoras » et « parlements » de la rue, devenus les hauts lieux de la mobilisation patriotique. Cet article montre que les orateurs de ces espaces se sont affirmés en tant que sujets moraux et politiques par la prise de parole publique et un travail herméneutique de « dévoilement » de la vérité. Mais il souligne aussi que ce processus de subjectivation s’est opéré dans le cadre d’un dispositif contraignant de professionnalisation de la parole patriotique s’apparentant à une forme de gouvernementalité. Il s’interroge alors sur le devenir de celle-ci dans un contexte de sortie de guerre qui a vu la destruction dudit dispositif.Governing through speech: street parliaments, oratory practices and political subjectivation in Côte d’Ivoire In the course of Côte d’Ivoire’s crisis, an extensive network of street “parliaments” and “agoras” was created by nationalist youth. The article shows how these parliaments worked effectively as an apparatus where, beyond mobilizing citizens, young patriots (jeunes patriotes) asserted themselves as moral and political subjects, using oratory and hermeneutic skills to unveil the “truth” of the Ivoirian conflict. Their “professionalization” as orators was linked to a specific form of governamentality, where the uttering of truth was given a fundamental role in governing citizenry and producing subjectivity. The article closes with a brief reflection on the transformations undergone by this governamentality in the post-conflict context, once the “parliamentary” apparatus has been erased

Dominique Casajus, Fabio Viti, eds, Le terre et le pouvoir: À la mémoire de Michel Izard, Paris, Cnrs Éditions, 2012, pp. IV, 307

Book review of Dominique Casajus, Fabio Viti, eds, Le terre et le pouvoir. À la mémoire de Michel Izard, Paris, Cnrs Éditions, pp. 2012, IV, 307.Recensione di Dominique Casajus, Fabio Viti, eds, Le terre et le pouvoir. À la mémoire de Michel Izard, Paris, Cnrs Éditions, pp. 2012, IV, 307

Alessandra Gribaldo, Unexpected subjects: Intimate partner violence, testimony, and the law, Chicago, HAU Books, 2021, pp. 148

Book review of Alessandra Gribaldo, Unexpected subjects: Intimate partner violence, testimony, and the law, Chicago, HAU Books, 2021, pp. 148.Recensione di Alessandra Gribaldo, Unexpected subjects: Intimate partner violence, testimony, and the law, Chicago, HAU Books, 2021, pp. 148

Anita Jacobson-Widding, Chapungu : The Bird that Never Drops a Feather. Male and Female Identities in an African Society

Issu d’une enquête sur le terrain dans la province du Manicaland, au Zimbabwe, et attestant d’une remarquable érudition théorique, cet ouvrage important s’inscrit dans le courant des études anglo-saxonnes qui, à partir des années 1980, se sont consacrées à « l’anthropologie du moi » et de l’identité. Toutefois, la démarche de l’auteur s’en détache grâce à une perspective originale sur l’identité de genre et une conception des relations entre personne, individualité et structure sociale ancrée..

Valentina Lusini, Destinazione mondo. Forme e politiche dell’alterità nell’arte contemporanea, Verona, Ombre Corte, 2013, pp. 191

Book review of Valentina Lusini, Destinazione mondo. Forme e politiche dell’alterità nell’arte contemporanea, Verona, Ombre Corte, 2013, pp. 191.Recensione del libro di Valentina Lusini, Destinazione mondo. Forme e politiche dell’alterità nell’arte contemporanea, Verona, Ombre Corte, 2013, pp. 191

Espaces publics de la parole et pratiques de la citoyenneté en Afrique

L’idée de ce dossier est née du constat de ce développement tous azimuts d’une politique de la rue non seulement en Afrique subsaharienne mais aussi sur d’autres continents où l’on a assisté à un fort investissement de l’espace urbain, notamment à l’occasion des « printemps arabes » et des crises financières occidentales. De l’autre côté du Sahara, en effet, l’occupation de la place Tahrir au Caire et son rôle central dans la dynamique et la symbolique révolutionnaires encouragent également à examiner les modes d’occupation politique de l’espace urbain et ses dimensions délibératives. En Amérique latine, le phénomène d’occupation des places publiques y est plus ancien. Ailleurs, en Grèce, en Espagne, en Israël, aux États-Unis surtout, les mouvements « Occupy », inspirés par Tahrir, semblent également illustrer l’émergence (ou la réémergence) d’un mode d’investissement politique de la rue par des moyens autres que la marche ou la manifestation, impliquant non plus seulement la mise en scène d’une démonstration de force, mais aussi l’ouverture d’espaces de sociabilité donnant la primauté à la discussion politique..

Underwater Acoustic Sensors Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings

We report on recent results obtained with a fiber optic hydrophone based on the intensity modulation of the laser light in a FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) under the influence of the sound pressure. In order to control the behavior of the hydrophone in terms of sensitivity and bandwidth, FBGs have been coated with proper materials, characterized by different elastic modulus and shapes. In particular, new experiments have been carried out using a cylindrical geometry with two different coating, showing that the sensitivity is not influenced by the shape but by the transversal dimension and the material characteristics of the coating

Progressive skin fibrosis is associated with a decline in lung function and worse survival in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis in the European Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) cohort.

Objectives To determine whether progressive skin fibrosis is associated with visceral organ progression and mortality during follow-up in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc). Methods We evaluated patients from the European Scleroderma Trials and Research database with dcSSc, baseline modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) ≥7, valid mRSS at 12±3 months after baseline and ≥1 annual follow-up visit. Progressive skin fibrosis was defined as an increase in mRSS >5 and ≥25% from baseline to 12±3 months. Outcomes were pulmonary, cardiovascular and renal progression, and all-cause death. Associations between skin progression and outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression. Results Of 1021 included patients, 78 (7.6%) had progressive skin fibrosis (skin progressors). Median follow-up was 3.4 years. Survival analyses indicated that skin progressors had a significantly higher probability of FVC decline ≥10% (53.6% vs 34.4%; p<0.001) and all-cause death (15.4% vs 7.3%; p=0.003) than non-progressors. These significant associations were also found in subgroup analyses of patients with either low baseline mRSS (≤22/51) or short disease duration (≤15 months). In multivariable analyses, skin progression within 1 year was independently associated with FVC decline ≥10% (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.65) and all-cause death (HR 2.58, 95% CI 1.31 to 5.09). Conclusions Progressive skin fibrosis within 1 year is associated with decline in lung function and worse survival in dcSSc during follow-up. These results confirm mRSS as a surrogate marker in dcSSc, which will be helpful for cohort enrichment in future trials and risk stratification in clinical practice

Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

Dominique Casajus, Fabio Viti, sous la direction de, 2012, Le terre et le pouvoir. À la mémoire de Michel Izard, Paris, Cnrs Éditions, pp. IV, 307.

Recensione del volume di Dominique Casajus, Fabio Viti, sous la direction de, 2012, Le terre et le pouvoir. À la mémoire de Michel Izard, Paris, Cnrs Éditions, pp. IV, 307