372 research outputs found
Time Evolution and Deterministic Optimisation of Correlator Product States
We study a restricted class of correlator product states (CPS) for a
spin-half chain in which each spin is contained in just two overlapping
plaquettes. This class is also a restriction upon matrix product states (MPS)
with local dimension ( being the size of the overlapping regions of
plaquettes) equal to the bond dimension. We investigate the trade-off between
gains in efficiency due to this restriction against losses in fidelity. The
time-dependent variational principle formulated for these states is numerically
very stable. Moreover, it shows significant gains in efficiency compared to the
naively related matrix product states - the evolution or optimisation scales as
for the correlator product states versus for the unrestricted
matrix product state. However, much of this advantage is offset by a
significant reduction in fidelity. Correlator product states break the local
Hilbert space symmetry by the explicit selection of a local basis. We
investigate this dependence in detail and formulate the broad principles under
which correlator product states may be a useful tool. In particular, we find
that scaling with overlap/bond order may be more stable with correlator product
states allowing a more efficient extraction of critical exponents - we present
an example in which the use of correlator product states is several orders of
magnitude quicker than matrix product states.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figure
A constructive theory of the numerically accessible many-body localized to thermal crossover
The many-body localised (MBL) to thermal crossover observed in exact
diagonalisation studies remains poorly understood as the accessible system
sizes are too small to be in an asymptotic scaling regime. We develop a model
of the crossover in short 1D chains in which the MBL phase is destabilised by
the formation of many-body resonances. The model reproduces several properties
of the numerically observed crossover, including an apparent correlation length
exponent , exponential growth of the Thouless time with disorder
strength, linear drift of the critical disorder strength with system size,
scale-free resonances, apparent dependence of disorder-averaged
spectral functions, and sub-thermal entanglement entropy of small subsystems.
In the crossover, resonances induced by a local perturbation are rare at
numerically accessible system sizes which are smaller than a
\emph{resonance length} . For , resonances
typically overlap, and this model does not describe the asymptotic transition.
The model further reproduces controversial numerical observations which Refs.
[\v{S}untajs et al, 2019] and [Sels & Polkovnikov, 2020] claimed to be
inconsistent with MBL. We thus argue that the numerics to date is consistent
with a MBL phase in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 27 pages, 12 figure
Little cost of injury to growth and development of damselflies
*_Background:_*
Damaged or missing appendages are a common problem in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate taxa and can negatively affect many aspects of life: mobility, foraging, predator avoidance, growth, and development have all been shown to suffer. Many animals use autotomy to survive a predation attempt but suffer diminished performance until the missing appendage heals or regenerates. Animals that regenerate face an extra problem, as they must re-allocate resources away from growth and development in order to regrow their missing parts. We examined the effect of appendage loss on the growth and development of the damselfly Ischnura posita. Damselfly larvae have three caudal lamellae, external gills that can be autotomized and eventually regenerated and that are frequently missing from animals in natural populations (30-40% missing at least one in our collections). We collected animals from the field and raised them individually in the lab, removing lamellae at different times through ontogeny and predicting that growth rate and development rate would be most affected by earlier injuries. As larvae neared emergence to adulthood, we expected them to devote less resources to regeneration and therefore experience less of a decline in growth and development.

*_Results & Conclusions:_*
We found that injuries did not strongly affect larval growth rates or sizes, regardless of timing. Developmental rates, measured as time per instar, were not strongly affected by injury. Most larvae attempted to emerge, and injured individuals were non-significantly more likely to emerge successfully. In sum, injured damselflies fared as well or better than their uninjured counterparts in terms of growth and development. We hypothesize that the relative unimportance of injury in this species may be due to their “slow” life history, behavioral or physiological compensation, or lack of stressors in this experiment
Mean field theory of failed thermalizing avalanches
We show that localization in quasiperiodically modulated, two-dimensional
systems is stable to the presence of a finite density of ergodic grains. This
contrasts with the case of randomly modulated systems, where such grains seed
thermalizing avalanches. These results are obtained within a quantitatively
accurate, self-consistent entanglement mean field theory which analytically
describes two level systems connected to a central ergodic grain. The theory
predicts the distribution of entanglement entropies of each two level system
across eigenstates, and the late time values of dynamical observables. In
addition to recovering the known phenomenology of avalanches, the theory
reproduces exact diagonalization data, and predicts the spatial profile of the
thermalized region when the avalanche fails.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure
Pfaffian-like ground states for bosonic atoms and molecules in one-dimensional optical lattices
We study ground states and elementary excitations of a system of bosonic
atoms and diatomic Feshbach molecules trapped in a one-dimensional optical
lattice using exact diagonalization and variational Monte Carlo methods. We
primarily study the case of an average filling of one boson per site. In
agreement with bosonization theory, we show that the ground state of the system
in the thermodynamic limit corresponds to the Pfaffian-like state when the
system is tuned towards the superfluid-to-Mott insulator quantum phase
transition. Our study clarifies the possibility of the creation of exotic
Pfaffian-like states in realistic one-dimensional systems. We also present
preliminary evidence that such states support non-Abelian anyonic excitations
that have potential application for fault-tolerant topological quantum
computation.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures. Matching the version published Phys.Rev.
Strategies for enhancing quantum entanglement by local photon subtraction
Subtracting photons from a two-mode squeezed state is a well-known method to
increase entanglement. We analyse different strategies of local photon
subtraction from a two-mode squeezed state in terms of entanglement gain and
success probability. We develop a general framework that incorporates
imperfections and losses in all stages of the process: before, during, and
after subtraction. By combining all three effects into a single efficiency
parameter, we provide analytical and numerical results for subtraction
strategies using photon-number-resolving and threshold detectors. We compare
the entanglement gain afforded by symmetric and asymmetric subtraction
scenarios across the two modes. For a given amount of loss, we identify an
optimised set of parameters, such as initial squeezing and subtraction beam
splitter transmissivity, that maximise the entanglement gain rate. We identify
regimes for which asymmetric subtraction of different Fock states on the two
modes outperforms symmetric strategies. In the lossless limit, subtracting a
single photon from one mode always produces the highest entanglement gain rate.
In the lossy case, the optimal strategy depends strongly on the losses on each
mode individually, such that there is no general optimal strategy. Rather,
taking losses on each mode as the only input parameters, we can identify the
optimal subtraction strategy and required beam splitter transmissivities and
initial squeezing parameter. Finally, we discuss the implications of our
results for the distillation of continuous-variable quantum entanglement.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures. Updated version for publicatio
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