10 research outputs found

    Effectiveness of an Intervention Video Education Module for High School (HS) Students on Vaping and Other Nicotine Products

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    Background: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS), have become an area of concern in recent years. In 2020, the CDC reported that there were 3.6 million US middle and high school (HS) students ENDS users. Our previous research developed a video education module. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of our module with HS students using the Health Belief Model. Methods: Students were recruited in a small city private HS. They completed our validated pre- and post- TABS survey via Qualtrics after viewing an educational video and live demonstration/Q&A session. The data were analyzed using SPSS v17. Results: The freshmen and sophomore participants (N= 60) had an average age of 15.7 years; 59.4% were female and 37.7% male; 69.7% White, 10.5% Asian, and 9.2% Black. While 37% reported trying vaping products, the majority believed that 51-75% of their peers vaped regularly. After the intervention there was an increase in perceived severity that vaping causes heart damage (p=0.042) and knowledge of ingredients contained in vaping products, such as acrolein (p=0.001). Additionally, there was an increase in intent to quit (p=0.035). Conclusion/Implications: Our intervention appeared to have a positive impact on the health beliefs, knowledge, and self-efficacy of high school students. This topic is important to be addressed by school and pediatric primary care nurses. Further research needs to be conducted using a reformatted survey, a larger sample, and include college students.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2022/1134/thumbnail.jp

    A Stimulatory Role for Cytokinin in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of Pea

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    The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis between terrestrial plants and AM fungi is regulated by plant hormones. For most of these, a role has been clearly assigned in this mutualistic interaction; however, there are still contradictory reports for cytokinin (CK). Here, pea plants, the wild type (WT) cv. Sparkle and its mutant E151 (Pssym15), were inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. E151 has previously been characterized as possessing high CK levels in non-mycorrhizal (myc-) roots and exhibiting high number of fungal structures in mycorrhizal (myc+) roots. Myc- and myc+ plants were treated 7, 9, and 11 days after inoculation (DAI) with synthetic compounds known to alter CK status. WT plants were treated with a synthetic CK [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)] or the CK degradation inhibitor INCYDE, whereas E151 plants were treated with the CK receptor antagonist PI-55. At 13 DAI, plant CK content was analyzed by mass spectrometry. The effects of the synthetic compounds on AM colonization were assessed at 28 (WT) or 35 (E151) DAI via a modified magnified intersections method. The only noticeable difference seen between myc- and myc+ plants in terms of CK content was in the levels of nucleotides (NTs). Whereas WT plants responded to fungi by lowering their NT levels, E151 plants did not. Since NTs are thought to be converted into active CK forms, this result suggests that active CKs were synthesized more effectively in WT than in E151. In general, myc+ and myc- WT plants responded similarly to INCYDE by lowering significantly their NT levels and increasing slightly their active CK levels; these responses were less obvious in BAP-treated WT plants. In contrast, the response of E151 plants to PI-55 depended on the plant mycorrhizal status. Whereas treated myc- plants exhibited high NT and low active CK levels, treated myc+ plants displayed low levels of both NTs and active CKs. Moreover, treated WT plants were more colonized than treated E151 plants. We concluded that CKs have a stimulatory role in AM colonization because increased active CK levels were paralleled with increased AM colonization while decreased CK levels corresponded to reduced AM colonization

    Development and Evaluation of An Educational Video For High School Students On Vaping And Other Nicotine Products

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    Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), especially vaping, have increased in use and resulted in severe lung injuries (EVALI). In 2020, there were nearly 3.6 million middle school and high school (HS) students who vape. More research is needed to identify effective teaching strategies for adolescents on ENDS. Our previous research found that high school students’ experiences with vaping were related to social and behavioral influences, a knowledge deficit, and media exposure. They suggested a video educational intervention. Purpose: To develop and evaluate the implementation of a vaping survey and educational video in a high school classroom setting and to further explore the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of high school students regarding nicotine products. Methods: For the educational video, we videotaped interviews with six college-aged vapers. They were asked seven open-ended questions that elicited dialogue regarding their experiences with ENDS products. A process evaluation was then conducted. Students from a rural high school in a health education completed our validated TABS survey, viewed the developed video, and then participated in a semi-structured focus group to evaluate the video and survey. An interview was conducted with their teacher. COVID-19 restrictions dictated the process take place through a virtual platform. Results: Feedback obtained from the students indicated that there was a knowledge deficit about ENDS ingredients; the survey was easy to complete and understand, and the video was an appropriate length with dramatic relief achieved. The teacher, with no prior education on these products, suggested the video be used as an introduction to ENDS education for students. We then developed a follow up demonstration module. Conclusion/Implications: This vaping video educational module aims to reduce the knowledge deficit and usage of ENDS in adolescents. Testing of the effectiveness of this recently developed intervention is pending in a local high school with 100-125 students.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1086/thumbnail.jp

    Vaping: Exploring perceptions and behaviors of students and ENDS products

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    Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) have increased in use and media exposure with a 78% rise in usage between 2017 to 2018. While a gateway to addictive products, users are also unaware of the ingredients and their effects on the body. Interventions are limited. Further research is needed to investigate perceptions of ENDS and identify effective cessation strategies for young adults. Purpose: To explore the knowledge and attitudes of HS students regarding ENDS products and compare data collected over the year to determine effects of recent media exposure. Methods: Six focus groups (n = 45) were held in a rural high school. Students were asked four open ended questions which elicited dialogue regarding attitudes and behaviors about ENDS and suggestions for educational interventions. Results: Emerging themes were social and behavioral influences (peer pressure; nicotine addiction) ; knowledge deficit; media promotion or prevention. Suggested educational methods were explanation of the ingredients in ENDS, dramatic relief and visual depiction of the consequences. There was more focus in the media on prevention than last year. Conclusion/Implications: A knowledge deficit regarding the dangers of ENDS, including the damaging effects of nicotine, still exists. Data will lead to development of innovative interventions to decrease ENDS use in high schoolers.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_spring2020/1089/thumbnail.jp

    A Stimulatory Role for Cytokinin in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of Pea

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    The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis between terrestrial plants and AM fungi is regulated by plant hormones. For most of these, a role has been clearly assigned in this mutualistic interaction; however, there are still contradictory reports for cytokinin (CK). Here, pea plants, the wild type (WT) cv. Sparkle and its mutant E151 (Pssym15), were inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. E151 has previously been characterized as possessing high CK levels in non-mycorrhizal (myc-) roots and exhibiting high number of fungal structures in mycorrhizal (myc+) roots. Myc- and myc+ plants were treated 7, 9, and 11 days after inoculation (DAI) with synthetic compounds known to alter CK status. WT plants were treated with a synthetic CK [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)] or the CK degradation inhibitor INCYDE, whereas E151 plants were treated with the CK receptor antagonist PI-55. At 13 DAI, plant CK content was analyzed by mass spectrometry. The effects of the synthetic compounds on AM colonization were assessed at 28 (WT) or 35 (E151) DAI via a modified magnified intersections method. The only noticeable difference seen between myc- and myc+ plants in terms of CK content was in the levels of nucleotides (NTs). Whereas WT plants responded to fungi by lowering their NT levels, E151 plants did not. Since NTs are thought to be converted into active CK forms, this result suggests that active CKs were synthesized more effectively in WT than in E151. In general, myc+ and myc- WT plants responded similarly to INCYDE by lowering significantly their NT levels and increasing slightly their active CK levels; these responses were less obvious in BAP-treated WT plants. In contrast, the response of E151 plants to PI-55 depended on the plant mycorrhizal status. Whereas treated myc- plants exhibited high NT and low active CK levels, treated myc+ plants displayed low levels of both NTs and active CKs. Moreover, treated WT plants were more colonized than treated E151 plants. We concluded that CKs have a stimulatory role in AM colonization because increased active CK levels were paralleled with increased AM colonization while decreased CK levels corresponded to reduced AM colonization

    Individual Differences and Developmental Changes in Perspective-Taking in Adolescent Girls*: Evidence from Brain and Behavior

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    The few studies investigating neural correlates of mentalizing and social-self-evaluation among adolescents suggest that both perspective-taking and its neural foundations are developing during adolescence. Understanding both individual differences in, and changes in, perspective-taking tendencies as they relate to neural activation of mentalizing regions during social-self-evaluation among adolescents may offer a novel means of understanding pathways to, and individual differences in, health and well-being in adolescence. This project asks the following questions: Do behavioral perspective-taking tendencies correlate with age in adolescent girls*? Does activation in mentalizing regions (dmPFC, vmPFC, rTPJ, lTPJ, and precuneus) during social-self-evaluation correlate with age in adolescent girls*? Do girls* with greater perspective-taking tendencies elicit greater activity in mentalizing regions during social-self-evaluation? Do latent changes in tendencies to take others’ perspectives correlate with latent changes in neural activation of mentalizing regions during social-self-evaluation? 174 girls* aged 10.00-12.99 years (*at study enrollment, 171 identified as female and 3 as non-binary) participated in a longitudinal study on social and neural development. At each of 2 waves (18 months apart), the participants completed a self-report of perspective-taking tendencies, and a social-self-evaluation fMRI task in which they decided whether 50 traits relevant to social status and relationships describe them, as well as a high-level control condition. Analyses will be pre-registered; preprocessing will be performed with fMRIPrep, first-level models will be run with SPM12, and multi-level models and bivariate latent change score analysis (Kievet et al., 2018) will be conducted in R. Scripts will be made available at https://github.com/dsnlab/TAG_scripts. This abstract does not present preliminary results to limit the negative consequences of running interim analyses

    A Stimulatory Role for Cytokinin in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis of Pea

    No full text
    The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis between terrestrial plants and AM fungi is regulated by plant hormones. For most of these, a role has been clearly assigned in this mutualistic interaction; however, there are still contradictory reports for cytokinin (CK). Here, pea plants, the wild type (WT) cv. Sparkle and its mutant E151 (Pssym15), were inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. E151 has previously been characterized as possessing high CK levels in non-mycorrhizal (myc-) roots and exhibiting high number of fungal structures in mycorrhizal (myc+) roots. Myc- and myc+ plants were treated 7, 9, and 11 days after inoculation (DAI) with synthetic compounds known to alter CK status. WT plants were treated with a synthetic CK [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP)] or the CK degradation inhibitor INCYDE, whereas E151 plants were treated with the CK receptor antagonist PI-55. At 13 DAI, plant CK content was analyzed by mass spectrometry. The effects of the synthetic compounds on AM colonization were assessed at 28 (WT) or 35 (E151) DAI via a modified magnified intersections method. The only noticeable difference seen between myc- and myc+ plants in terms of CK content was in the levels of nucleotides (NTs). Whereas WT plants responded to fungi by lowering their NT levels, E151 plants did not. Since NTs are thought to be converted into active CK forms, this result suggests that active CKs were synthesized more effectively in WT than in E151. In general, myc+ and myc- WT plants responded similarly to INCYDE by lowering significantly their NT levels and increasing slightly their active CK levels; these responses were less obvious in BAP-treated WT plants. In contrast, the response of E151 plants to PI-55 depended on the plant mycorrhizal status. Whereas treated myc- plants exhibited high NT and low active CK levels, treated myc+ plants displayed low levels of both NTs and active CKs. Moreover, treated WT plants were more colonized than treated E151 plants. We concluded that CKs have a stimulatory role in AM colonization because increased active CK levels were paralleled with increased AM colonization while decreased CK levels corresponded to reduced AM colonization

    Observation of the rare Bs0oμ+μB^0_so\mu^+\mu^- decay from the combined analysis of CMS and LHCb data

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