Book Review: 55 Men: The Story of the Constitution Based on the Day-To-Day Notes of James Madison. by F. Rodel.

Book review: 55 Men: The Story of the Constitution Based on the Day-to-Day Notes of James Madison. By F. Rodel. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole. 1986 (1936). Reviewed by: Christopher Collier

Book Review: 55 Men: The Story of the Constitution Based on the Day-To-Day Notes of James Madison. by F. Rodel.

Book review: 55 Men: The Story of the Constitution Based on the Day-to-Day Notes of James Madison. By F. Rodel. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole. 1986 (1936). Reviewed by: Christopher Collier

The Impact of QMM on Social Relations in Fort-Dauphin

My interest in this subject began with a general desire to understand how Malagasy society adapts to “outsiders.” We learned throughout the semester about the various external forces that have shaped the culture of the island since the arrival of the first people here thousands of years ago. At first, my ideas were focused more on the experiences of people immigrating to Madagascar. I observed very particular patterns: immigrants of certain ethnicities fill specific socioeconomic niches in specific geographic areas, and with varying reception from the Malagasy community. I came to realize, however, that similar patterns take place even between Malagasy. While many aspects of Malagasy culture are common to all parts of the island, there are definite distinctions between ethnic groups. Regional identity has been an important facet of Malagasy culture throughout history and remains so today

Experimental and Computational Investigation into Light Scattering by Atmospheric Ice Crystals

An investigation was carried out into light scattering by Gaussian rough ice crystals. Gaussian rough crystal geometries were generated using roughness parameters derived from mineral dust grains, which have been reported to be suitable proxies for rough ice crystals. Light scattering data for these geometries was computed using the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) method. Phase functions, 2D scattering patterns, degree of linear polarisation patterns and asymmetry parameters were computed for smooth, moderately rough and highly rough crystals with a variety of orientations and size parameters. A sodium fluorosilicate ice analogue crystal with three partially roughened prism facets was created using focused ion beam (FIB) milling and 2D scattering patterns were collected from it using the small ice detector (SID) 3 cloud probe. It was found that roughness reduces features in the phase function compared to scattering by smooth hexagonal prisms, particularly when the roughness features were horizontally much larger than the wavelength. However, the most effective roughness model also takes account of horizontal features whose size is closer to that of the wavelength. Horizontal features smaller than the wavelength have very little effect

Terms of Endearment and Articles of Impeachment

It is a long-established principle that presidential impeachment is an appropriate remedy only for high Crimes and Misdemeanors of a public nature (with the possible exception of private crimes so heinous that the President cannot be permitted to remain at large ). The crux of this Essay\u27s argument is that the President\u27s affair with Monica Lewinsky was a private matter that was not rendered public simply because Mr. Clinton lied about it. With its vote against removing the President, the Senate seemed to agree

Discussion of a physical optics method and its application to absorbing smooth and slightly rough hexagonal prisms

Three different mathematical solutions of a physical optics model for far field diffraction by an aperture due to Karczewski and Wolf are discussed. Only one of them properly describes diffraction by an aperture and can, by applying Babinet's principle, be used to model diffraction by the corresponding plane obstacle, and by further approximation, diffraction by a particle. Studying absorbing scatterers allows a closer investigation of the external diffraction component because transmission is negligible. The physical optics model has been improved on two aspects: (i) To apply the diffraction model based on two-dimensional apertures more accurately to three-dimensional objects, a size parameter dependent volume obliquity factor is introduced, thus reducing the slightly overestimated side scattering computed for three-dimensional objects. (ii) To compensate simplifications in the underlying physical optics diffraction model for two-dimensional apertures [26] a size parameter dependent cross polarisation factor is implemented. It improves cross polarisation for diffraction and reflection by small particle facets. 2D patterns of P 11, –P 12/P 11 and P 22/P 11 and their azimuthal averages for slightly rough absorbing hexagonal prisms in fixed orientation are obtained and compared with results from the discrete dipole approximation. For particle orientations where shadowing is not negligible, improved phase functions are obtained by using a new method where the incident beam is divided into sub-beams with small triangular cross sections. The intersection points of the three sub-beam edges with the prism define the vertices of a triangle, which is treated by the beam tracer as an incidence-facing facet. This ensures that incident facing but shadowed crystal facets or regions thereof do not contribute to the phase functions. The method captures much of the fine detail contained in 2D scattering patterns obtained with DDA. This is important as speckle can be used for characterizing the size and roughness of small particles such as ice crystals.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Integration And Simulation Of Microfluidic Platforms And Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Systems

This work serves as a design tool for the development of integrated terahertz time-domain spectroscopy systems with microfluidic platforms. The emission of terahertz radiation from a GaAs THz antenna is simulated. This simulation involves a semi-classical computational model with white noise effects used to control the dynamic range of the system. The maximum measurable frequency for the overall integrated system is strongly influenced by the sample thickness of the microfluidic platform and the dynamic range of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system

Nucleosynthesis: Stellar and Solar Abundances and Atomic Data

Abundance observations indicate the presence of often surprisingly large amounts of neutron capture (i.e., s- and r-process) elements in old Galactic halo and globular cluster stars. These observations provide insight into the nature of the earliest generations of stars in the Galaxy -- the progenitors of the halo stars -- responsible for neutron-capture synthesis. Comparisons of abundance trends can be used to understand the chemical evolution of the Galaxy and the nature of heavy element nucleosynthesis. In addition age determinations, based upon long-lived radioactive nuclei abundances, can now be obtained. These stellar abundance determinations depend critically upon atomic data. Improved laboratory transition probabilities have been recently obtained for a number of elements. These new gf values have been used to greatly refine the abundances of neutron-capture elemental abundances in the solar photosphere and in very metal-poor Galactic halo stars. The newly determined stellar abundances are surprisingly consistent with a (relative) Solar System r-process pattern, and are also consistent with abundance predictions expected from such neutron-capture nucleosynthesis.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. To appear in the Proceedings of the NASA Laboratory Astrophysics Workshop in Las Vegas, NV (February 2006

Another Lesson on Caution in IDR Analysis: Using the 2019 Survey of Consumer Finances to Examine Income-Driven Repayment and Financial Outcomes

We update Collier et al. (2021) by using the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) 2019 dataset to explore characteristics of enrollees in Income-Driven Repayment (IDR). SCF 2019 is more likely to include borrowers engaged in REPAYE. Findings support an ongoing need to encourage greater IDR participation for lowest-income borrowers and reinforce greater participation by female borrowers. Again, model specification affects findings regarding IDR enrollment. REPAYE appears to have widened access to IDR by lowering the debt floor for entry. IDR enrollment was correlated with less money in a traditional checking account and a lower chance of engaging in retirement savings