68 research outputs found
The thermal history of the Mesozoic Algarve Basin (South Portugal) and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration
The Algarve Basin is the southernmost geological province of mainland Portugal, outcropping
along the entire south coast area and extending offshore, where it is recognised on seismic
lines and in hydrocarbon exploration wells. It mainly comprises Jurassic and Lower
Cretaceous limestones and marls making a succession over 3 km thick. This sedimentary
basin belongs to a series of basins that were initiated by rifting associated with the opening of
the North and Central Atlantic Ocean, following the breakup of Pangaea
Maturação Orgânica da Bacia Mesozóica Algarvia (Sul de Portugal): implicações para a exploração de hidrocarbonetos
A Bacia Algarvia (BA) situa-se no sul de Portugale apresenta uma direção principal E - O estando a
sua parte emersa representada ao longo da costa, desde o Cabo de São Vicente até ao rio Guadiana,
estendendo-se também para o offshore
Unidentified infrared bands and the formation of PAHs around carbon stars
Although unidentified infrared bands (UIBs) have been observed in many astrophysical environments, there is one notable exception: carbon (C) stars. Only a handful of C stars have been shown to emit UIBs and most have hot companions. This makes C stars with hot companions an ideal location to investigate the emitters of the UIBs. PAHs are excited by absorption of single photons whose energy is then distributed over the whole molecule. These molecules then emit the energy at the characteristic wavelengths, but the precise wavelengths and strength ratios depend on the size, composition and charge state of the individual PAHs. Furthermore, the wavelength of photons needed to excite PAHs depends on their size and charge state. While small PAHs undoubtedly need higher energy (UV) photons, it has been suggested that large or ionized PAHS (\u3e100 C atoms) can be excited by visible or even near-IR photons. The lack of PAH emission from single carbon stars suggests that either PAHs do not form around C stars or that only small neutral grains form, which cannot be excited by a C star\u27s radiation field. There are two competing formation mechanisms for PAHs around C stars: (1) bottom-up where acetylene molecules react to form aromatic rings, building up to PAHs; or (2) top-down, where small carbon grains react with H atoms and desorb PAHs Using spatially resolved spectroscopic observations from Gemini/Michelle, of five carbon stars with hot companions, we investigate the circumstance under which PAH emission occurs and try to discriminate between formation mechanisms. © 2008 International Astronomical Union
The thermal history and hydrocarbon source rock potential of the mid Carboniferous Quebradas Formation in SW Portugal and its correlatives in western Atlantic offshore basins
The mid Carboniferous Quebradas Formation of the ‘South Portuguese Zone’ (SPZ)
comprises 80m of post-mature black mudrocks with a mean TOC of 2.5%. Lithostratigraphic
units of similar facies and age such as the Holywell Shale, the Edale Shale and the Bowland
Shale are important HC source rocks in the UK, having sourced a considerable proportion of
the hydrocarbons in the East Irish Sea, East Midlands and Formby oilfields respectively. The
kerogen content of the Quebradas Formation is mixed but slightly more oil-prone in its lower
part. At outcrop, it is strongly post-mature with vitrinite reflectance (Rr) ca. 4%. Illite
crystallinity results from the Quebradas Formation and associated units suggest lower maturity
than vitrinite reflectance. Analysis of the optic fabric of very thin coal lenses within the Brejeira
Formation which overlies the Quebradas Formation suggests that peak temperatures were
attained before the Variscan (late Carboniferous – early Permian) deformation. Triassic rocks
unconformably overlying the Carboniferous sequence are much less mature, with Rr ca. 1.2%.
Although the the Quebradas Fm has no HC source potential onshore due to its high maturity,
Carboniferous rocks offshore may not have experienced the same extreme thermal history as the
SPZ
Assessing thermal maturity through a multi-proxy approach: a case study from the Permian Faraghan Formation (Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran)
This study focuses on the thermal maturity of Permian deposits from the Zagros Basin, Southwest Iran, employing both optical methods (Thermal Alteration Index, Palynomorph Darkness Index, Vitrinite Reflectance, UV Fluorescence) and geochemical analyses of organic matter (Rock Eval Pyrolysis and MicroRaman spectroscopy) applied to the Faraghan Formation along two investigated Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan surface sections. Furthermore, an integrated palynofacies and lithofacies analysis was carried out in order to integrate the few studies on the depositional environment. The Faraghan Formation, which is widely distributed in the Zagros area, generally consists of shale intercalated with sandstones and pebble conglomerates in the lower part, followed by a succession of sandstone, siltstone and shaly intercalations and with carbonate levels at the top. The integrated palynofacies and lithofacies data confirm a coastal depositional setting evolving upwards to a shallow marine carbonate environment upwards. Rock Eval Pyrolysis and Vitrinite Reflectance analysis showed that the organic matter from samples of the Darreh Yas and Kuh e Faraghan sections fall in the mature to postmature range with respect to the oil to gas generation window, restricting the thermal maturity range proposed by previous authors. Similar results were obtained with MicroRaman spectroscopy and optical analysis such as Thermal Alteration Index and UV Fluorescence. Palynomorph Darkness Index values were compared with Rock Eval Pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance values and discussed for the first time in the late stage of oil generation.This research was funded by PRIN (2017RX9XXXY-CIRILLI), by Fondo Ricerca di Base
Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia (SPIRICBAS2018-SPINA), by the project
“Paleontological Studies and Biozonation of Paleozoic Sediments in Central Iran and Zagros Basins”
(coordinator R. Rettori) and MIUR grants-SORCI to PhD School of Science and Technology for Physics
and Geology (XXXIV Cycle), University of Perugia; Project “Paleontological Studies and Biozonation
of Paleozoic Sediments in Central Iran and Zagros Basins” (RETTORI).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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A novel retinoblastoma therapy from genomic and epigenetic analyses.
Retinoblastoma is an aggressive childhood cancer of the developing retina that is initiated by the biallelic loss of RB1. Tumours progress very quickly following RB1 inactivation but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the retinoblastoma genome is stable, but that multiple cancer pathways can be epigenetically deregulated. To identify the mutations that cooperate with RB1 loss, we performed whole-genome sequencing of retinoblastomas. The overall mutational rate was very low; RB1 was the only known cancer gene mutated. We then evaluated the role of RB1 in genome stability and considered non-genetic mechanisms of cancer pathway deregulation. For example, the proto-oncogene SYK is upregulated in retinoblastoma and is required for tumour cell survival. Targeting SYK with a small-molecule inhibitor induced retinoblastoma tumour cell death in vitro and in vivo. Thus, retinoblastomas may develop quickly as a result of the epigenetic deregulation of key cancer pathways as a direct or indirect result of RB1 loss
Structural analysis of pathogenic mutations in the DYRK1A gene in patients with developmental disorders.
Haploinsufficiency in DYRK1A is associated with a recognizable developmental syndrome, though the mechanism of action of pathogenic missense mutations is currently unclear. Here we present 19 de novo mutations in this gene, including five missense mutations, identified by the Deciphering Developmental Disorder study. Protein structural analysis reveals that the missense mutations are either close to the ATP or peptide binding-sites within the kinase domain, or are important for protein stability, suggesting they lead to a loss of the protein's function mechanism. Furthermore, there is some correlation between the magnitude of the change and the severity of the resultant phenotype. A comparison of the distribution of the pathogenic mutations along the length of DYRK1A with that of natural variants, as found in the ExAC database, confirms that mutations in the N-terminal end of the kinase domain are more disruptive of protein function. In particular, pathogenic mutations occur in significantly closer proximity to the ATP and the substrate peptide than the natural variants. Overall, we suggest that de novo dominant mutations in DYRK1A account for nearly 0.5% of severe developmental disorders due to substantially reduced kinase function
A stubbornly large mass of cold dust in the ejecta of Supernova 1987A
We present new Herschel photometric and spectroscopic observations of
Supernova 1987A, carried out in 2012. Our dedicated photometric measurements
provide new 70 micron data and improved imaging quality at 100 and 160 micron
compared to previous observations in 2010. Our Herschel spectra show only weak
CO line emission, and provide an upper limit for the 63 micron [O I] line flux,
eliminating the possibility that line contaminations distort the previously
estimated dust mass. The far-infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) is
well fitted by thermal emission from cold dust. The newly measured 70 micron
flux constrains the dust temperature, limiting it to nearly a single
temperature. The far-infrared emission can be fitted by 0.5+-0.1 Msun of
amorphous carbon, about a factor of two larger than the current nucleosynthetic
mass prediction for carbon. The observation of SiO molecules at early and late
phases suggests that silicates may also have formed and we could fit the SED
with a combination of 0.3 Msun of amorphous carbon and 0.5 Msun of silicates,
totalling 0.8 Msun of dust. Our analysis thus supports the presence of a large
dust reservoir in the ejecta of SN 1987A. The inferred dust mass suggests that
supernovae can be an important source of dust in the interstellar medium, from
local to high-redshift galaxies.Comment: ApJ accepted, 8 page
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