De MARC à XML

origine, caractéristiques, structure, évolution des formats MARC, description des formats MARCXML, BiblioML, MODS, Dublin Core, ONIX..

Se préparer aux concours des bibliothèques

Fiche pratique sur la préparation aux concours : organismes, méthodologie, bibliographies et liens

POLYCRYSTALLINE MODELLING OF UDIMET 720 FORGING

International audienceA crystalline modelling of deformation implemented in a finite element code coupled to a recrystallization Cellular Automaton code is proposed and applied to forging processes of superalloys. The coupled modelling is used in order to obtain a better understanding of the microstructural evolution of superalloys during high temperature forging at different strain rates and temperatures. The framework of the modelling is large plastic deformation and large lattice rotation. The used internal variables are dislocations densities on slip systems of the different phases. Modelling is based on viscoplatic constitutive and hardening laws at the scale of the slip systems and describes local strain and stress fields as well as the stored energy and the rotation of the lattice in the grains of the microstructure. At different steps of deformation, formation of subgrains, annihilation of dislocations, nucleation, growth and new orientation of grains are computed. The 3D aggregates representing the superalloy, are built up from Electron Back Scattered Diffraction method (EBSD) by means of a high resolution Scanning Electron Microscope. The phases are identified by means of EBSD, chemical analysis (EDS) and observations with a Scanning Electron Microscope. In this paper the studied aggregate is realised from a semi product of Udimet 720. Such technique is able to give us, a realistic description of the crystalline orientation, morphology and position of grains in the aggregate. The Finite Element meshing is deduced from the EBSD analysis. At high temperature, the Udimet 720 is constituted by a γ matrix with a Face Centred Cubic structure (FCC) and γ' precipitates (Ni3(Ti,Al)) with a Simple Cubic structure (SC). The various material parameters used for the coupled modelling are previously determined from compression tests performed at several strain rate and temperature; The dislocation densities are measured from Transmission Electronic Microscope

3e journée d\u27étude du Comité français Unimarc

La 3e Journée d\u27étude du Comité français Unimarc présente les nouveautés des formats pour les notices bibliographiques et d\u27autorité, publiés en 2008 et 2009 respectivement, et aborde les mutations de l\u27environnement normatif dans lequel s\u27inscrit Unimarc. La journée se divise en quatre temps : L\u27activité du CfU, les évolutions d\u27Unimarc, Unimarc dans le contexte normatif international, le catalogage du livre ancien dans Unimarc. Les notices des interventions, en français, proposent à la fois l\u27enregistrement audio et le diaporama accompagnant la communication

Il y a une vie après MARC

Interventions à la journée d\u27étude organisée en hommage à Pierre-Yves-Duchemin : Bibliothécaires et normalisation documentaire : de l\u27implication individuelle au travail dans le cadre d\u27une association ou d\u27une institution (F. Bourdon, BnF) ; L\u27évolution des règles de catalogage : ISBD consolidé et RDA (F. Leresche, BnF) ; L\u27information bibliographique enrichie et la concertation entre bibliothécaires et fournisseurs de systèmes et de données (D. Lahary, BDP du Val d\u27Oise) ; Le Département des Cartes et Plans de la Bibliothèque nationale de France, ses collections et leur traitement. (O. Loiseaux, BnF) ; Le projet BN Richelieu avec notamment l’informatisation et la base PIXML (M.-Cl. Thompson, BnF) ; De MARC à XML : les nouveaux formats (T. Clavel, Enssib) ; EAD, un standard d\u27encodage pour les descriptions de manuscrits et d\u27archives (C. Sibille, DAF) ; TEI : Text Encoding Initiative (J.-L. Benoit, ATILF)

A first inventory of the labile biochemicals found in Avignon groundwater: can we identify potential bacterial substrates?

Groundwater is a major source of water for irrigation of vegetables, especially in the Mediterranean basin. Contamination of aquifer by pathogens has been responsible for numerous disease outbreaks worldwide. Several studies reported that groundwater dissolved organic matter (DOM) can serve as a source of carbon and energy for heterotrophic metabolism of pathogens. In this study, we aimed to investigate the DOM composition of groundwater collected at Avignon. Six liters of groundwater were filtered (0.2 µm) and freeze-dried following appropriate cleaning procedure. The bulk analyses of powder sample were performed using 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. Several components were found at concentrations around 1 µM and comprise: (i) humic and fulvic acids originated from land-derived material or soils and, (ii) various acids, esters and alcohols of different sizes including acetate, lactate and formate, these may result from microbial metabolism. In conclusion, the Avignon groundwater DOM contains a heterogeneous mixture of dissolved organic components with a rather low potential bioreactivity based on the low level of labile biogeochemicals such as carbohydrates

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity, genetics and calcific aortic valve stenosis in humans.

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity has been shown to predict calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) outcomes. Our objective was to test the association between plasma Lp-PLA2 activity and genetically elevated Lp-PLA2 mass/activity with CAVS in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lp-PLA2 activity was measured in 890 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, including 476 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for CAVS and 414 control patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. After multivariable adjustment, Lp-PLA2 activity was positively associated with the presence of CAVS (OR=1.21 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.41) per SD increment). We selected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the PLA2G7 locus associated with either Lp-PLA2 mass or activity (rs7756935, rs1421368, rs1805017 and rs4498351). Genetic association studies were performed in eight cohorts: Quebec-CAVS (1009 cases/1017 controls), UK Biobank (1350 cases/349 043 controls), European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk (504 cases/20 307 controls), Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging (3469 cases/51 723 controls), Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (682 cases/5963 controls) and three French cohorts (3123 cases/6532 controls), totalling 10 137 CAVS cases and 434 585 controls. A fixed-effect meta-analysis using the inverse-variance weighted method revealed that none of the four SNPs was associated with CAVS (OR=0.99 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.02, p=0.55) for rs7756935, 0.97 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.01, p=0.11) for rs1421368, 1.00 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.01, p=0.29) for rs1805017, and 1.00 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.04, p=0.87) for rs4498351). CONCLUSIONS: Higher Lp-PLA2 activity is significantly associated with the presence of CAVS and might represent a biomarker of CAVS in patients with heart disease. Results of our genetic association study suggest that Lp-PLA2 is however unlikely to represent a causal risk factor or therapeutic target for CAVS

Genetic Variation in LPA, Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery, and Familial Risk of Aortic Valve Microcalcification.

IMPORTANCE: Genetic variants at the LPA locus are associated with both calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Whether these variants are associated with CAVS in patients with CAD vs those without CAD is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To study the associations of LPA variants with CAVS in a cohort of patients undergoing heart surgery and LPA with CAVS in patients with CAD vs those without CAD and to determine whether first-degree relatives of patients with CAVS and high lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) levels showed evidence of aortic valve microcalcification. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This genetic association study included patients undergoing cardiac surgery from the Genome-Wide Association Study on Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis in Quebec (QUEBEC-CAVS) study and patients with CAD, patients without CAD, and control participants from 6 genetic association studies: the UK Biobank, the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk, and Genetic Epidemiology Research on Aging (GERA) studies and 3 French cohorts. In addition, a family study included first-degree relatives of patients with CAVS. Data were collected from January 1993 to September 2018, and analysis was completed from September 2017 to September 2018. EXPOSURES: Case-control studies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Presence of CAVS according to a weighted genetic risk score based on 3 common Lp(a)-raising variants and aortic valve microcalcification, defined as the mean tissue to background ratio of 1.25 or more, measured by fluorine 18-labeled sodium fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography. RESULTS: This study included 1009 individuals undergoing cardiac surgery and 1017 control participants in the QUEBEC-CAVS cohort; 3258 individuals with CAVS and CAD, 41 100 controls with CAD, 2069 individuals with CAVS without CAD, and 380 075 control participants without CAD in the UK Biobank, EPIC-Norfolk, and GERA studies and 3 French cohorts combined; and 33 first-degree relatives of 17 patients with CAVS and high Lp(a) levels (≥60 mg/dL) and 23 control participants with normal Lp(a) levels (<60 mg/dL). In the QUEBEC-CAVS study, each SD increase of the genetic risk score was associated with a higher risk of CAVS (odds ratio [OR], 1.35 [95% CI, 1.10-1.66]; P = .003). Each SD increase of the genetic risk score was associated with a higher risk of CAVS in patients with CAD (OR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.20-1.42]; P < .001) and without CAD (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.14-1.55]; P < .001). The percentage of individuals with a tissue to background ratio of 1.25 or more or CAVS was higher in first-degree relatives of patients with CAVS and high Lp(a) (16 of 33 [49%]) than control participants (3 of 23 [13%]; P = .006). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, a genetically elevated Lp(a) level was associated with CAVS independently of the presence of CAD. These findings support further research on the potential usefulness of Lp(a) cascade screening in CAVS