Piezo-Optical Transducers in High Sensitive Strain Measurements

New piezo-optical sensors based on the piezo-optical effect for high sensitive mechanical stress measurements have been proposed and developed. The piezo-optical method provides the highest sensitivity to strains compared to sensors based on any other physical principles. Piezo-optical sensors use materials whose parameters practically not change under load or over time, therefore piezo-optical sensors are devoid of the disadvantages inherent in strain-resistive and piezoelectric sensors, such as hysteresis, parameters degradation with time, small dynamic range, low sensitivity to strains, and high sensitivity to overloads. Accurate numerical simulation and experimental investigations of the piezo-optical transducer output signal formation made it possible to optimize its design and show that the its gauge factor is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the gauge factors of sensors of other types. The cruciform shape of the transducer photoelastic element made it possible to significantly increase the stresses in its working area at a given external force. Combining compactness, reliability, resistance to overloads, linearity and high sensitivity, in terms of the all set of these parameters, piezo-optical sensors significantly surpass the currently widely used strain-resistive, piezoelectric and fiber-optic sensors and open up new, previously inaccessible, possibilities in the tasks of measuring power loads

Global forest management data for 2015 at a 100 m resolution

Spatially explicit information on forest management at a global scale is critical for understanding the status of forests, for planning sustainable forest management and restoration, and conservation activities. Here, we produce the first reference data set and a prototype of a globally consistent forest management map with high spatial detail on the most prevalent forest management classes such as intact forests, managed forests with natural regeneration, planted forests, plantation forest (rotation up to 15 years), oil palm plantations, and agroforestry. We developed the reference dataset of 226 K unique locations through a series of expert and crowdsourcing campaigns using Geo-Wiki (https://www.geo-wiki.org/). We then combined the reference samples with time series from PROBA-V satellite imagery to create a global wall-to-wall map of forest management at a 100 m resolution for the year 2015, with forest management class accuracies ranging from 58% to 80%. The reference data set and the map present the status of forest ecosystems and can be used for investigating the value of forests for species, ecosystems and their services

The Properties of the Water-Soluble Hydroxy-Polyhydroxy fullerenes in Auto-Oxidation Reactions Epinephrine

В данной работе проведено исследование влияния фуллеренолов на реакцию автоокисления адреналина с помощью оптических и теоретических методов. Показано, что фуллеренол в концентрациях от 0,0005 до 0,5 мг/мл проявляет прооксидантную активность и ускоряет реакцию автоокисления адреналина. С помощью метода функционала плотности B3LYP/6- 31(p,d) представлена предполагаемая схема реакции автоокисления, которая объясняется энергетической выгодой при переносе электрона с молекулы адреналина на молекулуThe studied of the influence of fullerenoles on adrenaline auto-oxidation reaction by optical and theoretical methods was carried out in this work. It was shown that fullerenols at concentrations from 0.0005 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml exhibits prooxidant activity and accelerates autoxidation reaction of adrenaline. The suggested scheme of auto-oxidation reaction, which explained by energy advantage under transferring electron from the molecule of adrenaline to fullerenol by density functional method B3LYP/6-31(p,d

Synthesis, mass spectroscopy detection, and density functional theory investigations of the gd endohedral complexes of C82 fullerenols

Gd endohedral complexes of C82 fullerenols were synthesized and mass spectrometry analysis of their composition was carried out. It was established that the synthesis yields a series of fullerenols Gd@C82Ox(OH)y(x= 0, 3;y= 8, 16, 24, 36, 44). The atomic and electronic structure and properties of the synthesized fullerenols were investigated using the density functional theory calculations. It was shown that the presence of endohedral gadolinium increases the reactivity of fullerenols. It is proposed that the high-spin endohedral fullerenols are promising candidates for application in magnetic resonance imaging

Investigation of Nanoparticles with Metallic Core-Carbon Shell Structure Created at Plasma-Chemical Synthesis in High Frequency Arc Discharge

В работе представлены результаты исследования наночастиц со структурой металлическое ядро - углеродная оболочка. Частицы были получены в потоке углеродно-гелиевой плазмы высокочастотной (66 кГц) дуги при атмосферном давлении. Электронно-микроскопическое изображение наночастиц показало, что они имеют ядро (никель, железо) диаметром от 20 до 50 нм, покрытое углеродной оболочкой толщиной от 5 до 15 нм. Углеродная оболочка состоит из сферических графитовых слоев с преимущественным расстоянием между графитовыми плоскостями 3.37 Å.The results of investigations of nanoparticles with metallic core-carbon shell structures are presented in the work. They were created in the flow of carbon-helium plasma of high frequency (66 kHz) arc at the atmospheric pressure. The electron microscopy micrograph of the nanoparticles showed that they have core (nickel, iron) diameter from 20 to 50 nm covered by the carbon shell of thickness from 5 to 15 nm. The carbon shell consists of spherical graphitic layers with preferred distance 3.37 Å between graphitic layers

Investigation of Nanoparticles with Metallic Core-Carbon Shell Structure Created at Plasma-Chemical Synthesis in High Frequency Arc Discharge

В работе представлены результаты исследования наночастиц со структурой металлическое ядро - углеродная оболочка. Частицы были получены в потоке углеродно-гелиевой плазмы высокочастотной (66 кГц) дуги при атмосферном давлении. Электронно-микроскопическое изображение наночастиц показало, что они имеют ядро (никель, железо) диаметром от 20 до 50 нм, покрытое углеродной оболочкой толщиной от 5 до 15 нм. Углеродная оболочка состоит из сферических графитовых слоев с преимущественным расстоянием между графитовыми плоскостями 3.37 Å.The results of investigations of nanoparticles with metallic core-carbon shell structures are presented in the work. They were created in the flow of carbon-helium plasma of high frequency (66 kHz) arc at the atmospheric pressure. The electron microscopy micrograph of the nanoparticles showed that they have core (nickel, iron) diameter from 20 to 50 nm covered by the carbon shell of thickness from 5 to 15 nm. The carbon shell consists of spherical graphitic layers with preferred distance 3.37 Å between graphitic layers

The Properties of the Water-Soluble Hydroxy-Polyhydroxy fullerenes in Auto-Oxidation Reactions Epinephrine

В данной работе проведено исследование влияния фуллеренолов на реакцию автоокисления адреналина с помощью оптических и теоретических методов. Показано, что фуллеренол в концентрациях от 0,0005 до 0,5 мг/мл проявляет прооксидантную активность и ускоряет реакцию автоокисления адреналина. С помощью метода функционала плотности B3LYP/6- 31(p,d) представлена предполагаемая схема реакции автоокисления, которая объясняется энергетической выгодой при переносе электрона с молекулы адреналина на молекулуThe studied of the influence of fullerenoles on adrenaline auto-oxidation reaction by optical and theoretical methods was carried out in this work. It was shown that fullerenols at concentrations from 0.0005 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml exhibits prooxidant activity and accelerates autoxidation reaction of adrenaline. The suggested scheme of auto-oxidation reaction, which explained by energy advantage under transferring electron from the molecule of adrenaline to fullerenol by density functional method B3LYP/6-31(p,d