Diagnosis, surgical treatment, and management of borderline ovarian surface epithelial neoplasms: Report of 2 cases and review of literature

AbstractOvarian borderline surface epithelial neoplasms occur infrequently in the pediatric population. Preoperative diagnostic criteria include ultrasound and serum tumor markers with definitive diagnosis made on pathologic examinations intraoperatively. Treatment typically involves resection of the tumor with an emphasis on preserving fertility. Patients diagnosed with borderline tumors generally have a good prognosis; however the possibility of recurrence remains. Two cases of 15 year-old females with borderline ovarian tumors are presented that add to the current literature by highlighting the diagnosis, clinical management, and follow-up postoperatively

The Lack of Conviction: Why Human Traffickers Remain Free

There have been relatively few human trafficking convictions worldwide in comparison to the number of traffickers apprehended (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2006). In 2003, Lithuania prosecuted 24 people but only 8 were convicted whereas the Netherlands prosecuted 117 people but only 106 were convicted that same year (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 2006). In September 2006, Nigeria sought its first human trafficking conviction (FoxNews.com). Even with the establishment of the Palermo Protocol in 2000 – which sought to standardize the definition of human trafficking at the international level – convictions have remained low. Why are some countries more successful at convicting human traffickers than others? I argue that conviction rates are largely a function of the lack of a clear, legal definition of human trafficking at the domestic level. An international definition of human trafficking exists, but this means that a country’s domestic anti-trafficking law must also be in conformity with the Palermo Protocol. In addition, the degree to which the domestic anti-trafficking law is being enforced is another important issue for whether or not traffickers are being apprehended. Thus, these two factors help to facilitate the likelihood of human trafficking convictions within a country

The Dark Side of Humanity: An Empirical Investigation into Global Slavery

Global slavery includes human trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, commercial sexual exploitation of children, and organ trafficking. Despite its official abolishment within the international community, global slavery continues to thrive in many parts of the world. The various types of slavery do not restrain themselves in a mutual exclusive manner; rather, they transcend and merge to create inter-connectedness within the illegal world of slavery. For instance, a person that is trafficked for the purpose of labor -- domestic or forced -- can also become sexually exploited and prostituted. This thesis discusses the nature and scope of the different faces of contemporary slavery, including human trafficking, debt bondage, and the sex tourism industry. While pervasive worldwide, human trafficking remains a major problem, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, the former republics of the Soviet Union, and Asia. Higher levels of unemployment, the demand for exotic women and the existence of well-organized trafficking routes and international criminal organizations has led to the development of this slavery. In short, human trafficking is said to exist in virtually every country of the world. The abundance of beautiful beaches and resorts, as well as the supply of cheap women and children in Southeast Asia and Latin America has led to a thriving sex tourism industry. In Central Asia and Africa, a high demand for manual labor, as well as certain religious and cultural factors, has given rise to the largest type of slavery in the world: debt bondage. An empirical aggregate-level analysis using OLS regression is performed to examine why certain countries have more indigenous people (native to that country) who become enslaved than others. Overall, a lack of human development proves to be a major factor in determining the number of enslaved peoples across countries

The Dark Side of Humanity: An Empirical Investigation into Global Slavery

Global slavery includes human trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, commercial sexual exploitation of children, and organ trafficking. Despite its official abolishment within the international community, global slavery continues to thrive in many parts of the world. The various types of slavery do not restrain themselves in a mutual exclusive manner; rather, they transcend and merge to create inter-connectedness within the illegal world of slavery. For instance, a person that is trafficked for the purpose of labor -- domestic or forced -- can also become sexually exploited and prostituted. This thesis discusses the nature and scope of the different faces of contemporary slavery, including human trafficking, debt bondage, and the sex tourism industry. While pervasive worldwide, human trafficking remains a major problem, especially in Central and Eastern Europe, the former republics of the Soviet Union, and Asia. Higher levels of unemployment, the demand for exotic women and the existence of well-organized trafficking routes and international criminal organizations has led to the development of this slavery. In short, human trafficking is said to exist in virtually every country of the world. The abundance of beautiful beaches and resorts, as well as the supply of cheap women and children in Southeast Asia and Latin America has led to a thriving sex tourism industry. In Central Asia and Africa, a high demand for manual labor, as well as certain religious and cultural factors, has given rise to the largest type of slavery in the world: debt bondage. An empirical aggregate-level analysis using OLS regression is performed to examine why certain countries have more indigenous people (native to that country) who become enslaved than others. Overall, a lack of human development proves to be a major factor in determining the number of enslaved peoples across countries

Selling Humans: the Political Economy of Contemporary Global Slavery

Human trafficking is a growing illegal crime, both in terms of numbers and profits. Thus, important to consider, as it is a human rights, political, criminal justice, national security, and economic issue. Previous studies have these examined these human trafficking factors independently, yet none have really taken into account how they work simultaneously. This study examines why human trafficker continues to occur, particularly at the domestic and transnational level, and also why some countries are better able to effectively deal with this problem in terms of criminalizing human traffickers. It is argued that at the domestic level, traffickers first must take into account the operating costs, illegal risks, bribery, and profits of the business. After considering these basic elements, they then need to consider the world, including economic, political, geographic, and cultural factors that may help facilitate human trafficking. However, human trafficking can occur across large geographic distances, though rare. This is more likely to happen based on the type of human trafficking group, available expatriate or immigrant networks, the origin-transit-destination country connection, or strength of the bilateral economic relationship between origin and destination countries. Finally, looking at why some countries are better able to criminalize traffickers helps us to better understand how human trafficking can be discouraged. In short, conformity of a country’s domestic anti-human trafficking law, as well as the degree of enforcement, should increase the probability of criminalizing a human trafficker. These three theoretical arguments help to better understand the nature of the business, and more importantly, why human trafficking continues

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas (SPN) is a very rare tumor with a low malignant potential. Although most commonly presenting in females in the second to fourth decade of life, it has been reported in the pediatric population with an incidence of 8–16.6%. SPN was first described by Virginia Kneeland Frantz in 1959 as a papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas in a 2 year old male patient. Herein we report 2 cases of SPN and review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Keywords: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, Frantz tumor, Pancreatic tumo