THE INFLUENCE OF TRADITIONAL MAIDS’ JAVANESE TO CHILDREN’S LANGUAGE

Children’s language is heavily influenced by several factors. One of them is the children’s interaction with people around them. Traditional maids are among those people. As the children spend their active time together with their maids, their language is then influenced by their maids’ language. The Javanese spoken by these maid is of different variation of the Javanese spoken by most residence of Kenteng, which is the standard Javanese in Wonosobo. The children in this case study speak Bahasa Indonesia as their first language. However, their language is not pure and straightforward Bahasa Indonesia, i.e. the official form of Bahasa Indonesia. Their language is apparently a mix of Bahasa Indonesia and Javanese. The Javanese they speak is somehow different from the standard Wonosobo Javanese in several terms. There are terms spoken only in certain areas of Wonosobo, such as the areas from which their maids live. There are differences in the vocabularies, sounds, and speaking intonation. Apparently, the Javanese the children speak is influenced by that of their maids. This study aims to describe the forms of those children’s language by comparing them to the standard Javanese. It will be related to language and social context theory

Book Review: Smith, J.K.A.: Desiring the Kingdom: Worship, Worldview, and Cultural Formation

What if education was not first and foremost about what we know, but about what we love? (Smith, 2009, p.18) This is one of the driving questions that frames Smith’s book; a question worthy of educational reflection. Smith organizes his argument around the ideas of the dichotomy between thinking and doing; work and worship [liturgy]. His argument is that worldview must not be merely cognitive and intellectual, but must include a robust ‘social imaginary’ (flowing from the work of Charles Taylor) that is grounded in the practices of Christian worship. So far so good

Corporate Social Responsibility: An Application in Tourism Development in Ghana

In 1972 UNESCO recognized 1) the Elmina Castle alias St George’s Castle located in Elmina, 2) the Fort St Jago located in Elmina, and 3) the Cape Coast Castle alias Carolsburg Castle located in Cape Coast as World Heritage Sites (slave dungeons during transatlantic slave trade). Tourism was introduced in Elmina and Cape Coast in Ghana, West Africa, as a means to poverty reduction. However, almost fifteen years later this was not achieved. A participatory approach to research revealed that lack of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from the government, tourism intermediaries and developmental institutions was the key factor behind this failure. So far within the tourism industry no tangible areas of responsibility for sustainable tourism development were found and not even the host governments expressed concern for it. However, it could be argued that the intelligent application of [C (SR)] can lead to poverty reduction if it is practiced in a holistic, responsible, transparent and accountable manner

Metric Learning for Individual Fairness

There has been much discussion concerning how "fairness" should be measured or enforced in classification. Individual Fairness [Dwork et al., 2012], which requires that similar individuals be treated similarly, is a highly appealing definition as it gives strong treatment guarantees for individuals. Unfortunately, the need for a task-specific similarity metric has prevented its use in practice. In this work, we propose a solution to the problem of approximating a metric for Individual Fairness based on human judgments. Our model assumes access to a human fairness arbiter who is free of explicit biases and possesses sufficient domain knowledge to evaluate similarity. Our contributions include definitions for metric approximation relevant for Individual Fairness, constructions for approximations from a limited number of realistic queries to the arbiter on a sample of individuals, and learning procedures to construct hypotheses for metric approximations which generalize to unseen samples under certain assumptions of learnability of distance threshold functions

The phenolic complex in flaxseed

Flaxseed is the richest plant source of the lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG). In flaxseed, SDG exists in an oligomeric structure with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaric acid (HMGA) forming a phenolic complex together with p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid glucosides and herbacetin diglucoside (HDG). Epidemiological and animal studies indicate protective effects of flaxseed and SDG towards hormone-dependent cancers and cardiovascular diseases, and reducing effect toward cholesterol levels in blood. Knowledge about the structural features and properties of the phenolic complex are required to further understand bioavailability, bioconversion and bioactivity of flaxseed lignans in humans and animals, the biosynthesis in flaxseed, as well as if it may affect technology and quality of food products containing flaxseed or the phenolic complex. A new fast and simple high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for analysing secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), p-coumaric acid glucoside and ferulic acid glucoside, based on direct hydrolysis of defatted flaxseed flour using alkali. Variations in SDG, p-coumaric acid glucoside and ferulic acid glucoside content were reported in flaxseed samples and bread products containing flaxseed. The composition and properties of flaxseed phenolic complex were studied by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and gel filtration fractionation. Results indicate that the phenolic glucosides exist in oligomers with variable molecular sizes. A complicated linkage pattern and/or possibly interactions with other components may contribute to the observed complexity. SDG and the phenolic complex showed similar hydrogen-donating abilities to ferulic acid but higher than α-tocopherol in the DPPH inhibition metod, suggesting that SDG was the only active antioxidant in the phenolic complex. Contradicting results were obtained on the effect of SDG on levels of Vitamin E and cholesterol in two rat studies

Letter from the Editor

Welcome to the summer issue of the ICCTE Journal. Recently, your ICCTE Leadership Council met at Azusa Pacific University in preparation for the 2012 Biennial Conference. While there, we contemplated what it meant to implement ’emphatic listening’, as expressed in the book Messengers of God: The sensuous side of spirituality by Arthur Roberts as an act of worship to God and out of respect to each other. In this beneficial devotional within community, we were able to fellowship, plan, eat and laugh as a team who would return with something to share with you all. I invite you to send your manuscripts, and I (and our reviewers) will listen emphatically to your words