29 research outputs found

    Inoculum sources of potential toxigenic Fusarium species in the soybean agroecosystem

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    La mayorĂ­a de los estudios de diversidad, capacidad toxicogĂ©nica e incidencia de micotoxinas se han focalizado en trigo y maĂ­z, y poca informaciĂłn se encuentra disponible sobre soja. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: evaluar posibles fuentes de inĂłculo de las especies de Fusarium potenciales productoras de micotoxinas en estadios reproductivos R6 y R8 del cultivo de soja; determinar la incidencia natural de deoxinivalenol (DON) y nivalenol (NIV) en los granos y evaluar el perfil de producciĂłn de tricotecenos de las cepas de F. graminearum. En todas las fuentes evaluadas, se recuperaron cepas de Fusarium spp. con altos niveles de incidencia. Fusarium equiseti fue la especie predominante en aire, vainas y semillas de ambos estadios analizados, mientras que cepas del complejo F. solani y F. oxysporum fueron dominantes en rastrojos tanto de maĂ­z como manĂ­. En cuanto a F. graminearum, los rastrojos de cultivos antecesores serĂ­an una fuente de inĂłculo mĂĄs importante que el aire circundante del cultivo, aspecto que no habĂ­a sido explorado con anterioridad en este cultivo. AdemĂĄs, se recuperĂł un mayor nĂșmero de cepas de F. graminearum de vainas respecto de las semillas provenientes de dichas vainas, que mostraron una baja incidencia de contaminaciĂłn natural con DON.Most of the studies of diversity, toxigenic potential and mycotoxin occurrence respect to Fusarium species have focused on wheat and maize, and there is little information on soybean crop. Our aims in the present study were to: evaluate the inoculum sources of toxigenic Fusarium species associated with soybean during crop reproductive stages; determine the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in soybean seeds and characterize the trichothecenes profile of F. graminearum strains. A high incidence of Fusarium spp. was observed in all inoculum sources evaluated. Fusarium equiseti was the dominant species in air, pods and seeds of both stages, while strains belonging to F. solani complex and F. oxysporum were dominant in both corn and peanuts residues. Respect to F. graminearum, the results show that the crops residues would source more relevant than the surrounding air of crop, something that had not been explored previously in soybean. Moreover, levels of F. graminearum isolates were greater on pods than on seeds that showed a low incidence of DON contamination.Fil: Chiotta, MarĂ­a Laura. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o CuartoFil: Chulze, SofĂ­a. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o CuartoFil: Barros, GermĂĄn. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuart

    Fuentes de inĂłculo de especies de Fusarium potenciales productoras de micotoxinas en el agroecosistema soja

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    Most of the studies of diversity, toxigenic potential and mycotoxin occurrence respect to Fusarium species have focused on wheat and maize, and there is little information on soybean crop. Our aims in the present study were to: evaluate the inoculum sources of toxigenic Fusarium species associated with soybean during crop reproductive stages; determine the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in soybean seeds and characterize the trichothecenes profile of F. graminearum strains. A high incidence of Fusarium spp. was observed in all inoculum sources evaluated. Fusarium equiseti was the dominant species in air, pods and seeds of both stages, while strains belonging to F. solani complex and F. oxysporum were dominant in both corn and peanuts residues. Respect to F. graminearum, the results show that the crops residues would source more relevant than the surrounding air of crop, something that had not been explored previously in soybean. Moreover, levels of F. graminearum isolates were greater on pods than on seeds that showed a low incidence of DON contamination.La mayorĂ­a de los estudios de diversidad, capacidad toxicogĂ©nica e incidencia de micotoxinas se han focalizado en trigo y maĂ­z, y poca informaciĂłn se encuentra disponible sobre soja. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: evaluar posibles fuentes de inĂłculo de las especies de Fusarium potenciales productoras de micotoxinas en estadios reproductivos R6 y R8 del cultivo de soja; determinar la incidencia natural de deoxinivalenol (DON) y nivalenol (NIV) en los granos y evaluar el perfil de producciĂłn de tricotecenos de las cepas de F. graminearum. En todas las fuentes evaluadas, se recuperaron cepas de  Fusarium spp. con altos niveles de incidencia. Fusarium equiseti fue la especie predominante en aire, vainas y semillas de ambos estadios analizados, mientras que cepas del complejo F. solani y F. oxysporum fueron dominantes en rastrojos tanto de maĂ­z como manĂ­. En cuanto a F. graminearum, los rastrojos de cultivos antecesores serĂ­an una fuente de inĂłculo mĂĄs importante que el aire circundante del cultivo, aspecto que no habĂ­a sido explorado con anterioridad en este cultivo. AdemĂĄs, se recuperĂł un mayor nĂșmero de cepas de F. graminearum de vainas respecto de las semillas provenientes de dichas vainas, que mostraron una baja incidencia de contaminaciĂłn natural con DON

    An integrated dual strategy to control Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto by the biocontrol agent Streptomyces sp. RC 87B under field conditions. Reprint

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    Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by species within the Fusarium graminearum complex is a devastating disease that causes extensive yield and quality losses to wheat in humid and semi-humid regions of the world. The disease can cause not only yield losses but also grain contamination with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Several epidemics have occurred in Argentina, the last in 2012, with yield losses up to 70%. Control of the disease is partially achieved by chemical treatments, crop rotation, breeding for resistance and tillage practices. Biocontrol can be used as part of an integrated pest management. The objetives of this study were: 1- to evaluate the biological control effect of Streptomyces sp. RC 87B on FHB disease incidence, severity and DON accumulation and 2- to evaluate if Streptomyces sp. RC 87B reduces F. graminearum inoculum when applied to wheat stubble. Streptomyces sp. RC 87B was applied at wheat anthesis to determine effects on FHB disease parameters and over wheat stubble left after harvest to evaluate effects on the survival of F. graminearum. FHB incidence and severity were visually estimated and DON content was assessed by HPLC after harvest. On stubble, F. graminearum prevalence was monitored by using TaqMan PCR for 180 days. A significant disease severity and DON reduction were observed with the biocontrol treatments during the field trials (29–39% and 69–85%, respectively), but no reduction on disease incidence was achieved. On wheat stubble, Streptomyces sp. 87B reduced F. graminearum inoculum after 45 days (82%) and after 90 days no inoculum was detected in the first of two trials. In a second trial, a significant reduction (46%) in F. graminearum inoculum was observed after 90 days. The biocontrol strain Streptomyces sp. 87B showed high potential for contributing to the reduction of FHB on wheat at different times in the F. graminearum life cycle.EEA Marcos JuárezFil: Palazzini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Yerkovich, N. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Alberione, Enrique Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Chiotta, Maria Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Chulze, Sofia Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentin

    Control of Ochratoxin A production in grapes

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    Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin commonly present in cereals, grapes, coffee, spices, and cocoa. Even though the main objective of the food and feed chain processors and distributors is to avoid the extended contamination of plant-derived foods and animal feeds with mycotoxins, until now, complete OTA removal from foods and feedstuffs is not feasible. Prevention through pre-harvest management is the best method for controlling mycotoxin contamination. However, in the case that the contamination occurs after this stage, the hazards associated with OTA must be managed through post-harvest strategies. Due to the increasing number of fungal strains resistant to chemical fungicides and the impact of these pesticides on the environment and human health, maximum levels of chemical residues have been regulated in many products. Alternative methods are necessary to substitute or complement treatments with fungicides to control fungi under field or storage conditions. Yeasts are considered one of the most potent biocontrol agents due to their biology and non-toxic properties. Epiphytic yeasts are the major component of the microbial community on the surface of grape berries and they are evolutionarily adapted to this ecological niche. Nowadays, several yeast species included in different genera are considered as potential biocontrol agents to control both, growth of ochratoxigenic Aspergillus species and OTA accumulationFil: Ponsone, Marí­a Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Chiotta, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Palazzini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Combina, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Chulze, Sofia Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico, Químicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina

    Pathogenicity of phylogenetic species in the Fusarium graminearum complex on soybean seedlings in Argentina

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    Soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the main crops in Argentina. Most of the studies of pathogenicity in the Fusarium graminearum complex have focused on strains isolated from wheat and maize, and there is little information on strains isolated from soybean. Our objective in the present study was to compare the pathogenicity among soybean isolates of different phylogenetic species within the Fusarium graminearum complex on soybean seedlings under controlled conditions. Six strains representing three different phylogenetic species (F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. cortaderiae) were identified by partial sequencing of the Translation Elongation Factor -1α gene (TEF-1) and evaluated for pathogenicity. All six strains reduced emergence, mainly by causing pre-emergence damping-off, seedling height and root dry weight and produced abnormal seedlings. The mean disease severity averaged across all isolates was approximately 3.0 in a 0–4 rating scale where 0 = healthy seedling and 4 = dead seedling. Significant differences in pathogenicity were observed among F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. cortaderiae. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that different phylogenetic species within the Fusarium graminearum complex isolated from soybean are pathogenic under controlled conditions to soybean seedlings in Argentina. The present study demonstrates for the first time the pathogenic effect of F. meridionale on soybean in Argentina.Fil: Barros, GermĂĄn Gustavo. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a e InmunologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Alaniz Zanon, Maria Silvina. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a e InmunologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Chiotta, MarĂ­a Laura. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a e InmunologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Reynoso, Maria Marta. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a e InmunologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Scandiani, MarĂ­a Mercedes. Laboratorio AgrĂ­cola RĂ­o ParanĂĄ, San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Chulze, Sofia Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a e InmunologĂ­a; Argentin

    Phylogenetic analyses of the Fusarium graminearum species complex isolated from soybean in Argentina and Brazil

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    Soybean is one of the most economically important crops in Argentina and Brazil. However, there is limited information on the biodiversity of the FGSC from soybean as compared to other crops of large-scale growing such as wheat and maize. A phylogenetic recognition of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) isolated from soybean in Argentina and Brazil was performed in order to identify species responsible for trichothecene production. Sequences of genes encoding for the partial translation elongation factor, the 3-O-acetyltransferase and a putative reductase were analysed by the Maximum Parsimony method. Although the present study has focused on a limited number of isolates, this is the first report that provides evidence of the presence of at least four species within the FGSC associated with soybean in Argentina: F. graminearum sensu stricto, F. cortaderiae, F. meridionale and F. boothii. In addition, F. graminearum sensu stricto was detected for the first time among Brazilian isolates from soybean.Fil: Chiotta, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Alaniz Zanon, Maria Silvina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Giaj Merlera, Guillermo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Tessmann, D.. UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE MARINGÁ (UEM);Fil: Barros, Germån Gustavo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; ArgentinaFil: Chulze, Sofia Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentin

    Especies fĂșngicas toxigĂ©nicas y ocurrencia natural de micotoxinas en cultivos y productos cosechados en Argentina

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    Las micotoxinas son metabolitos secundarios producidos por diferentes especies fĂșngicas pertenecientes, principalmente, a los gĂ©neros Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium y Alternaria. Dichos microorganismos pueden crecer en una gran variedad de cultivos, entre los que se incluyen cereales, oleaginosas y frutas. La presencia de micotoxinas en alimentos y subproductos no sĂłlo afecta la salud humana y animal, sino que tambiĂ©n causa pĂ©rdidas impor- tantes en los mercados nacionales e internacionales. Esta revisiĂłn proporciona datos sobre la prevalencia de especies fĂșngicas toxigĂ©nicas y de micotoxinas en diferentes cultivos y pro- ductos cosechados en Argentina. Dicha informaciĂłn serĂĄ relevante para establecer estrategias de manejo adecuadas para reducir la entrada de las micotoxinas en las cadenas alimentarias del hombre y de los animales, asĂ­ como para establecer futuras legislaciones sobre los niveles mĂĄximos permitidos de dichos metabolitos.Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungal species that mainly belong to Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium and Alternaria, which can grow in a variety of crops including cereals, oilseeds and fruits. Consequently, their prevalence in foods and by-products not only affects human and animal health but also causes important losses in both domestic and international markets. This review provides data about toxigenic fungal species and mycotoxin occurrence in different crops commonly grown in Argentina. This information will be relevant to establish adequate management strategies to reduce the impact of mycotoxins on human food and animal feed chains and to implement future legislation on the maximum permitted levels of these fungal metabolites.Fil: Chiotta, MarĂ­a Laura. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Fumero, MarĂ­a VerĂłnica. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Cendoya, Eugenia. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Palazzini, Juan Manuel. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Alaniz Zanon, Maria Silvina. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, MarĂ­a Laura. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Chulze, Sofia Noemi. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn en MicologĂ­a y MicotoxicologĂ­a; Argentin

    Natural Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Musts, Wines and Grape Vine Fruits from Grapes Harvested in Argentina

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    In this study, ochratoxin A (OTA) occurrence in Argentinean musts, wines and dried vine fruits was evaluated, alongside with the performance of OchraStarTM columns for OTA extraction. In all the three matrices analyzed, the OchraStarTM columns showed good performance. The analysis of natural occurrence of OTA in the red must and the red wine samples showed low incidence with low levels of mean OTA contamination (0.12 ng/mL and 0.37 ng/mL, respectively), while 60% of the dried vine fruit samples were contaminated with OTA, in levels ranging from 0.26 to 20.28 ng/g

    Effect of water activity and temperature on growth and trichothecene production by Fusarium meridionale

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    Fusarium meridionale has been frequently isolated from soybean in Argentina and showed similar pathogenicity as F. graminearum sensu stricto. However, no data on their growth and mycotoxin production under different environmental conditions are yet available. The aims of this study were: to determine the effect of temperature, water activity (aW) and strain on growth of F. meridionale and to evaluate deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) production in a soybean based medium. The results showed that optimal conditions for F. meridionale growth were at 25 °C and 0.98–0.99 aW. Deoxynivalenol production was favored at 25 °C and 0.96 aW while NIV production was strain-dependent, being 30 °C and 0.98 aW optimal conditions for F. meridionale B2300 strain and 20 °C and 0.98 aW for F. meridionale F5043 and F. meridionale 5048 strains. These conditions are similar to those observed at pre-harvest stage in soybean crop, thus control strategies need to be considered to reduce the risk of the occurrence of DON and NIV in harvested grains.Fil: Rybecky, Anna Ines. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a e InmunologĂ­a; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Chulze, Sofia Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a e InmunologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Chiotta, MarĂ­a Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de RĂ­o Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, FisicoquĂ­micas y Naturales. Departamento de MicrobiologĂ­a e InmunologĂ­a; Argentin

    Effect of water activity and temperature on growth of Aspergillus carbonarius and Aspergillus tubingensis and their interactions on ochratoxin a production

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    Aspergillus section Nigri are described as the main source of ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination in grapes and wine worldwide. The grape-growing area in Argentina has a wide latitudinal extension with ecological variations that allow the classification of well-demarcated regions. The aims of this study were: to determine the effect of eco-physiological parameters on growth of Aspergillus tubingensis and Aspergillus carbonarius and to evaluate the interaction between these species on OTA production in synthetic grape juice medium under different water activity (aw) and temperature conditions. The results showed that optimal growth conditions for A. tubingensis and A. carbonarius were 0.980 awand 28 °C, however A. tubingensis grew faster than A. carbonarius at all temperatures and awtested. OTA production by A. carbonarius was favoured at 20 °C and 0.950-0.965 aw, during 14 days of incubation. The effect of A. tubingensis on OTA production by A. carbonarius was mainly dependent on temperature. At 35 °C, A. tubingensis reduced the OTA production while this effect was not observed at 20 °C. More OTA could be produced as a defence reaction against fungal competitors to maintain niche colonisation, but in this study no effects by a related species were observed.Fil: Chiotta, María Laura. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Débora María. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ponsone, Maria Lorena. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Chulze, Sofia Noemi. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin
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